双月文摘

《西北地区水文地质单元的划分》 本文主要根据气候、地形和大地构造对西北地区水文地质单元进行了划分。共划分出十三个水文地质单元:1.阿尔泰山及其山前地区;2.准葛尔盆地;3.天山山间盆     

水文地质类型区划分及确定研究

阐述水文地质类型区的定义、特征和划分原理,论述了水文地质类型的划分步骤及划分方案。以宁武县为例,进行了水文地质类型区的划分、地下水补、径、排条件、地下水采补关系以及开发利用程度分析。     

改进层次分析法在矿井水文地质类型划分中的应用

矿井水文地质类型划分是矿井水文地质工作的一项重要内容,对分析充水条件,评价水害威胁程度,指导矿井防治水工作具有重要意义。引进最优传递矩阵对层次分析法进行改进,将改进的层次分析法应用到水文地质类型划分中。以内蒙古呼吉尔特矿区4对生产矿井为例,在分析水文地质条件的基础上,建立了矿井水文地质类型划分的评价指标体系,利用改进的层次分析法,计算各项影响因素的权重值,建立数学模型计算每个矿井综合得分Z值,根据计算结果,呼吉尔特4对生产矿井水文地质条件均为复杂型。      

关于崔庙煤矿矿井水文地质条件的分析

通过综合分析研究,分析了矿井的水文地质条件,对主要充水含水层进行了分析、划分和对比;对断层构造的导水性、富水性进行了分析。依据矿井水文地质类型划分标准,确定本矿水文地质类型-50 m以浅为简单类型,-50 m以深为中等类型,即以底板岩溶裂隙水充水为主的水文地质条件中等的煤矿床类型。采用大井法和比拟法预测了矿井涌水量。提出了防治水害的建议。     

矿井水文地质类型划分的理性思考

为了更好地理解和认识矿井水文地质类型划分标准,提升矿井防治水技术水平,依据矿井水文地质类型划分标准并结合一些矿井实际开采情况,分析讨论划分过程中存在的一些模糊问题,并针对这些模糊问题引出对矿井水文地质类型划分的理性思考,对于未来矿井水文地质类型划分具有一定的借鉴意义。     

矿床水文地质勘查类型划分探讨

矿床水文地质勘查类型划分是进行矿床水文地质勘查重要环节,是做好和优化勘查设计的主要依据。根据我国煤炭矿山经过几十年的开采,特别是近十几年来大规模开采,煤矿水文地质条件发生了较大变化,现行规范划分方案在实际应用中不基础上,结合《煤矿防治水规定》,提出了矿床水文地质勘查类型划分的新方案：类分孔隙充水矿床、裂隙充水矿床、岩溶充水矿床、老空水充水矿床、地表水充水矿床和复合式充水矿床6个;亚类分顶板充水、底板充分水、周边充水和组合式充水4个;型分水文地质条件简单、中等、复杂和极复杂4个。     

原平市水文地质类型区划分成果分析与探讨

根据原平市的地貌、岩性和含水层的出露条件划分水文地质类型区对于改善地下水资源,使水文地质过程向有利于人类的方向发展有积极的作用.进一步分层、分小分区划分地下水的补给、径流、排泄区的含水层介质类型,从而完整水文地质单元的立体模型,为形成完整单元的"三水"转化模型奠定良好的基础,对原平市地下水资源的可持续利用,国民经济的发展有着深远的意义.     

灌区水文地质勘察技术纲要初探

灌区水文地质是灌区各项规划设计及技术改造的基础工作。初步提出了灌区水文地质勘察技术纲要,划分了灌区水文地质勘察的基本类型,拟订了灌区水文地质勘察的主要工作内容、技术指标及技术要求。     

安庆铜矿水化学特征及标志意义

安庆铜矿属岩溶金属矿山,水文地质条件复杂,坑下涌水量大.本文收集了安庆铜矿40个水化学分析样,根据地下水化学成分阿廖金分类法进行类型划分并分析其标志意义.     

洛塔表层岩溶带水文地质特征及其水文地质结构类型

在简述洛塔地区自然地理、岩溶及水文地质基本特征的基础上,对区内表层岩溶带的水文地质特征及表层岩溶带水文地质结构进行了较详细的分析和论述。提出了查明表层岩溶带水文地质结构是研究表层岩溶带水文地质子系统调蓄能力的关键所在的观点。根据表层岩溶带的水动力条件类型、含水空间结构类型、碳酸盐岩类型及第四系土层覆盖情况,将区内表层岩溶带水文地质结构划分为12个具体类型。并对各表层岩溶带水文地质结构类型的主要水文地质特征、调蓄能力及其地下水的开发利用条件等进行了简要的评述。      

PC-1500A计算机在地下水水质模糊综合评判中的应用

模糊集理论应用于地下水污染综合评价,是现阶段国内比较先进的方法之一。该方法用隶属函数描述水质分级,使本来具有模糊性的水质级别有了比较清晰的数量标准,从而使地下水污染的水平分带和垂向分带更趋于合理。本文从建立地下水污染通用线性隶属函数数学模型出发,以长春市东郊地下水污染的模糊综合评判为例,并应用PC—1500A计算机进行模糊综合评判,比较系统地介绍了该方法的应用。     

扎基斯坦矿床河西段水文地质试验的可行性分析

在分析扎吉斯坦矿床河西段水文地质条件的基础上,对该地段进行水文地质试验的可行性做了较为详细的论述,提出了无压-承压井抽水模式和“拦水坝”式冲孔洗井等新工艺。     

辽宁省中南部分城市地下水脆弱性评价

通过对辽中南地区的地质与水文地质条件特征、含水层的富水性、开采利用地下水现状等资料的调查和了解,利用地下水脆弱性的DRASTIC评价模型和AHP模糊评价模型,对地下水固有脆弱性的七个因素指标进行了赋值、计算。最终得出了辽宁省中南部分城市地下水脆弱性分区分为强脆弱区、较强脆弱区、中等脆弱区、弱脆弱区。     

模糊数学在水化学寻找可地浸铀矿中的应用

利用水化学找铀，有成本低、效率高、速度快等特点，在寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿也有明显的效果，但是在找铀过程中仅用水化学成份、氡含量、酸碱度和氧化还原电位等数值进行描述，说明它们与铀矿化的关系，这种单一因素不能综合反映与铀矿化的联系程度，以定量评价铀矿化与上述因素的关系，从而影响了水化学找矿的效果，通过模糊数学方法建立数学模型处理水化学数据，巳知可地浸砂岩型铀矿的特征值为参数进行定量评价未知区铀成矿的前景，使该方法成为今后铀矿预测中一种可靠有效的水文地质方法。     

GIS-based hydrogeological databases and groundwater modelling

Reliability and validity of groundwater analysis strongly depend on the availability of large volumes of high-quality data. Putting all data into a coherent and logical structure supported by a computing environment helps ensure validity and availability and provides a powerful tool for hydrogeological studies. A hydrogeological geographic information system (GIS) database that offers facilities for groundwater-vulnerability analysis and hydrogeological modelling has been designed in Belgium for the Walloon region. Data from five river basins, chosen for their contrasting hydrogeological characteristics, have been included in the database, and a set of applications that have been developed now allow further advances. Interest is growing in the potential for integrating GIS technology and groundwater simulation models. A "loose-coupling" tool was created between the spatial-database scheme and the groundwater numerical model interface GMS (Groundwater Modelling System). Following time and spatial queries, the hydrogeological data stored in the database can be easily used within different groundwater numerical models. Electronic Publication     

Impact of model complexity and multi-scale data integration on the estimation of hydrogeological parameters in a dual-porosity aquifer

This study investigates the impact of model complexity and multi-scale prior hydrogeological data on the interpretation of pumping test data in a dual-porosity aquifer (the Chalk aquifer in England, UK). In order to characterize the hydrogeological properties, different approaches ranging from a traditional analytical solution (Theis approach) to more sophisticated numerical models with automatically calibrated input parameters are applied. Comparisons of results from the different approaches show that neither traditional analytical solutions nor a numerical model assuming a homogenous and isotropic aquifer can adequately explain the observed drawdowns. A better reproduction of the observed drawdowns in all seven monitoring locations is instead achieved when medium and local-scale prior information about the vertical hydraulic conductivity (K) distribution is used to constrain the model calibration process. In particular, the integration of medium-scale vertical K variations based on flowmeter measurements lead to an improvement in the goodness-of-fit of the simulated drawdowns of about 30%. Further improvements (up to 70%) were observed when a simple upscaling approach was used to integrate small-scale K data to constrain the automatic calibration process of the numerical model. Although the analysis focuses on a specific case study, these results provide insights about the representativeness of the estimates of hydrogeological properties based on different interpretations of pumping test data, and promote the integration of multi-scale data for the characterization of heterogeneous aquifers in complex hydrogeological settings.     

HydroCube: an entity-relationship hydrogeological data model

Managing, handling and accessing hydrogeological information depends heavily on the applied hydrogeological data models, which differ between institutions and countries. The effective dissemination of hydrogeological information requires the convergence of such models to make hydrogeological information accessible to multiple users such as universities, water suppliers, and administration and research organisations. Furthermore, because hydrogeological studies are complex, they require a wide variety of high-quality hydrogeological data with appropriate metadata in clearly designed and coherent structures. A need exists, therefore, to develop and implement hydrogeological data models that cover, as much as possible, the full hydrogeological domain. A new data model, called HydroCube, was developed for the Walloon Region in Belgium in 2005. The HydroCube model presents an innovative holistic project-based approach which covers a full set of hydrogeological concepts and features, allowing for effective hydrogeological project management. The model stores data relating to the project locality, hydrogeological equipment, and related observations and measurements. In particular, it focuses on specialized hydrogeological field experiments such as pumping and tracer tests. This logical data model uses entity-relationship diagrams and it has been implemented in the Microsoft Access environment. It has been enriched with a fully functional user interface.     

高放废物处置库北山预选区区域水文地质概念模型

地下水流数值模拟是高放废物处置库选址中水文地质评价的重要内容.水文地质概念模型是地下水流数值模拟的基础和前提.在北山预选区水文地质分析基础上,利用DEM数据生成了研究区地表水系,据此确定了模拟范围;借助GMS软件,建立了研究区三维水文地质结构模型;再通过边界条件、流场特征、地下水均衡项和水文地质参数的分析和描述,建立了北山地区水文地质概念模型.     

建立矿山水文地质专家系统几个问题的探讨

专家系统作为一种人工智能技术,日益广泛地应用于各类专门问题的解答及技术咨询领域。矿山水文地质问题涉及因素多,不确确量亦较多,故引入专家系统是可行的。从专家系统知识库知识,矿山水文地质实例及理论分析成果等三方面知识为专家系统的知识来源。结合有色金属矿山水文地质调查资料及制做有色金属矿山水文地质评价专家系统（ＭＨＧＥＥＳ）的实践,本文阐述了两类专家系统的划分及各自的特点,讨论了第二类专家系统推理框架,     

Statistical analysis for the hydrogeological evaluation of the fracture networks in hard rocks

The hydrogeological effectiveness of fracture sets is determined and evaluated by the fuzzy c-mean and hierarchical clustering. These cluster analyses combine the geological spatial attributes and the hydraulic relevant attributes of fractures. Based on the results of the clustering the fracture set volumes are estimated.