卤素在银成矿中的作用—以额仁磁勒盖大型银矿床为例

通过对额仁套勒盖银矿床卤素和Ag的研究，发现卤素在银矿床中具有明显的水平和垂直分带现象，地表和近地表矿石相对富C1和I，深部矿石相对富F；矿体中相对富C1和I，近矿围岩中相对富F。卤素与Ag有密切的关系，但是矿石类型不同，卤素与Ag的关系也不同，F与Ag多为负相关，C1与Ag，I与Ag多为正相关。表明卤素在银的活化、溶解、长距离迁移和沉淀富集过程中可能起着非常重要的作用。     

内蒙古得耳布尔银矿床物质组分特征

得耳布尔银矿床是内蒙古额尔古纳隆起东南缘的独立银矿床.该矿床的物质组分特征在区带上具有典型意义,Ag主要以独立矿物形式出现;矿物种类和化学成分都较复杂,银矿物中除Ag以外,还有Cu、Zn、Au、Mn、Sb、S、Se、As、Cl、Br、I等,而且元素分布有明显的规律性.这既反映了该区地球化学背景特征,又对该区银的普查找矿工作有很重要的指导意义.     

大兴安岭东北部首个三叠纪银矿床地质特征及矿床成因分析

二道坎银矿床是大兴安岭东北部首次发现的三叠纪大型银矿床。矿体位于上志留统—中泥盆统泥鳅河组沉积岩中,辉绿岩脉与矿体密切共生。矿石为石英脉胶结的构造角砾岩,目前以地表氧化矿石为主。矿石中金属矿物主要为黄铁矿、方铅矿,其次为闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黝铜矿、赤铁矿、磁铁矿等,含银矿物主要为辉银矿和硫锑银矿。矿石结构主要为粒状结构和固溶体分离结构,构造有致密块状、脉状-网脉状、角砾状和条带状构造等。成矿阶段主要为沥青-黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英-含银多金属硫化物阶段和石英-方解石阶段。矿区蚀变类型有硅化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、绿帘石化、碳酸盐化和赤铁矿化。综合分析认为二道坎银矿床为晚三叠世形成的浅成低温热液型银矿床。     

新疆包古图斑岩铜矿伴生元素金和银赋存状态初步研究

新疆西准噶尔包古图斑岩铜矿床Au平均含量0.25g/t,Ag为2.56g/t,Cu为0.30%,属于富金斑岩铜矿。伴生金和银矿化作用有两期:早期为斑岩矿化,形成了Cu-Mo-Au矿化组合,是主矿化期;后期叠加了Cu-Au-Ag-Te-Bi矿化,规模不大,出露于矿床的局部部位,但对矿石起到了加富作用。通过对钻孔薄片和光薄片的镜下观察及电子探针成分分析,认为早期矿化中Au和Ag主要呈固溶体形式存在于硫化物中,分布比较均匀,基本上不出现独立矿物,Au含量明显高于Ag;晚期矿化形成了复杂的Cu-Au-Ag-Te-Bi矿物,矿石呈浸染状和脉状叠加在早期矿化之上,以银矿物为主,与多种碲铋类矿物共生,主要银矿物有碲银矿、铋-碲银矿(?)、银-辉碲铋矿(?)、银-硫铋铜矿、银金矿等。晚期矿化规模不大,但对于提高矿床的经济价值具有重要意义。     

卤素测定的矿区试验

近年来,离子选择性电极分析技术的迅速发展,给我们提供了一种快速、简便、灵敏地测定岩石、土壤中卤素含量的新方法。卤素(F、Cl、Br、I)作为化探指示元素,其找矿有效性的研究,国内外虽有一些报导,但多是F的应用,Cl、Br、I的找矿实例很少。     

珊瑚钨锡矿床的热释卤素地球化学异常特征

珊瑚钨锡矿床地表岩石和土壤以及近矿围岩中均有明显的热释卤素地球化学异常,其卤素谱线具有多峰特征,卤素元素组合等,均反映了钨锡矿床的不同类型.在综合研究热释卤素地球化学异常特征基础上,建立了珊瑚钨锡矿床热释卤素地球化学异常模式,并对交椅岭地段进行了成矿预测,证明热释卤素法找矿是有效的.     

福建柘荣马坑银矿地质特征及找矿方向

福建省柘荣县马坑银矿产于上侏罗统-下白垩统陆相酸性火山岩中,矿体严格受断裂（F1,F2）及其派生裂隙的控制。矿床发育绢云母化、硅化、黄铁矿化、黄铁绢英岩化、青磐岩化等中低温热液蚀变,矿体地表呈密集细脉状,深部为简单板状、透镜状。矿石矿物以自然银为主,次为辉银矿,含少量方铅矿、闪锌矿等。矿石工业类型为硫化矿,矿床成因为受断裂构造控制的中低温浅成火山热液充填交代型银矿床。     

冀东司家营铁矿床富矿成矿条件研究

根据野外勘查,对冀东司家营铁矿床的普通矿石和富铁矿石进行了岩相学、主量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的研究。富铁矿顺层产于贫矿体中,富铁矿石颗粒与贫铁矿相比稍粗,主要由磁铁矿及铁闪石组成,部分铁闪石蚀变为绿泥石,表明司家营铁矿床的富铁矿矿石的形成与后期热液活动密切相关。司家营铁矿床不同矿石的主量元素分析结果表明,富矿石较普通矿石的石英含量减少,镁铁质矿物含量相对增加,所有矿石中MnO/TFe2O3比值极低,含量变化于0.001～0.01之间,平均值为0.002,指示了矿石的热水沉积成因。普通矿石和富铁矿石的微量元素和稀土元素配分模式有较好的一致性,表明不同类型矿石成矿物质来源可能相同。与磁铁矿普通矿石相比,赤铁矿普通矿石和富铁矿矿石的∑REE+Y含量更高,稀土元素配分曲线相比较更加平缓。造成赤铁矿普通矿石∑REE+Y含量增高和稀土元素配分曲线平缓的原因可能是赤铁矿距离地表较近,遭受后期淋滤作用。关于富铁矿矿石稀土元素∑REE+Y含量最高和稀土元素配分曲线平缓的原因,除了铁质沉积物更易吸收稀土元素外,后期变质热液蚀变也是非常重要的因素。     

银矿与萤石的时空关系

银矿床，特别是大型-超大型银矿床多分布于萤石矿密集区，一些银成矿带与萤石成矿带基本一致。银矿中一般共生或伴生萤石化，萤石矿中多含有很高的Ag，甚至形成银-萤石矿床。银矿化的时代通常与萤石矿化时代相似或接近，说明一些银矿床与萤石有着密切的时空关系和成因联系。因而萤石可以成为寻找银矿的重要标志之一。     

内蒙古翁牛特旗长汉卜罗铅锌矿伴生银赋存状态研究

内蒙古翁牛特旗长汉卜罗铅锌矿位于新开地―乌丹近EW向大断裂的南侧,是一个叠加于前中生代褶皱基底之上的复合构造单元。本区矿石中银矿物和含银矿物种类较多,已发现8种,含银最高的为辉银矿,含银比较普遍的以黝铜矿族矿物为主。在黝铜矿矿物晶粒中,Ag的含量不均匀,呈带状和不规则状分布。选矿工艺中应特别重视黝铜矿系列矿物的回收。矿石中黄铜矿是银矿物与含银矿物的最主要载体矿物,占统计总数的34.48%,有效回收黄铜矿,是提高银回收率的关键。以黝铜矿族为例,含银与否或银含量多寡,与矿物中Sb关系密切。大量数据证明,黝铜矿中较高的As、Zn不利于Ag的富集,而Sb与Ag有更为密切的成生关系。     

丹寨汞矿卤素元素地球化学特征

丹寨汞矿是产于碳酸盐岩地层中以汞为主伴生金的浅成低温层控矿床。本文对该矿床矿石及围岩中的卤素元素分布特征进行了一定的研究。研究结果表明,（１）矿区内Ｂｒ、Ｉ的富集程度远比Ｆ、Ｃｌ高,从远矿围岩→近矿围岩→汞矿石Ｂｒ、Ｉ含量呈增加趋势,金矿石中Ｂｒ、Ｉ含量比近矿及远矿围岩含量低,且Ｉ的富集系数小于１;（２）Ｆ在金矿化岩石及近矿围岩中含量较高;（３）Ｃｌ的变化规律不甚明显,且富集系统均小于１;（４）垂     

富银含金矿氰化工艺条件的探索

本文对某富银含金矿氰化工艺的条件进行了探索。在实验室的最佳工艺条件下，金、银浸出率分别达到９６％和７４％，而在扩大实验中分别达到７２％和５４％。     

Halogen elements as indicator of deep-seated orebodies in the Chadong As–Ag–Au deposit, western Guangdong, China

Halogen elements play an important role in the metallogenesis of metallic ore deposits and are involved in the whole process of remobilization, transport and precipitation of metallic elements. However, with the exception of fluorine, which, as a component of fluorite and mica minerals, can be occasionally concentrated in ores, Cl, Br and I are hard to enrich in the ores. Investigations have found that the halogen elements tend to diffuse toward country rocks with the development of hydrothermal alteration in the process of their involvement in metallogenesis, especially during the post-ore stage when extensive halogen diffusion halos over orebodies would be formed. Such halogen element diffusion halos over the Chadong As–Ag–Au deposit extend as widely as 200 m. The largest diffusion extent is for I and the diffusion halos of Br are most noticeable 50–130 m away from the orebodies. In areas of ore exposure and the strongly altered zone, the Cl, Br and I contents are close to those of the strata with a V-shaped distribution pattern in the periphery of the mining district. Comparatively speaking, in going away from the altered zone, the major metallic elements Au and Ag in the deposit tend to decrease suddenly to their normal contents in the strata. This variation feature of halogen elements can be used as geochemical indicators for exploring concealed orebodies at depth. In the Chadong ore deposit, halogen element anomalies can be used to predict concealed orebodies at the depth range of 0–200 m.     

Distribution of silver in massive sulfide ores

The distribution of silver in connection with the formation of massive sulfide ores is discussed. It is proposed: 1) The affinity between silver and galena-rich ores is only pronounced if antimony and/or bismuth are also present in significant amounts, and 2) The degree of correlation between silver and lead is partly a function of the Ag/Sb+Bi ratio in the ore and increasing with decrease in ratio at least up to Ag/Sb+Bi=1. Observations of correlated Cu/Ag ratios in complex ores indicate that some silver was solved in chalcopyrite at the time of deposition. This is often masked by the much higher silver contents associated with galena. The Bi/Sb ratio is expected to increase downwards stratigraphically in galena-rich ores, due to a larger solubility of silver-bismuth in galena as compared with silver-antimony, at a realistic deposition temperature (200–300 °C). However, such an effect will only rarely be seen, due to incomplete separation of the ore-constituents at the time of deposition, as well as to post-depositional changes.     

内蒙古索家沟银多金属矿深部找矿预测

索家沟银多金属矿床是近年来在内蒙古中南部发现的大型隐伏银多金属矿床,银多金属矿体主要赋存于燕山期酸性侵入岩体附近早期构造及同期张裂隙中,在岩体上部也发育矿化,属岩浆热液成因。为预测矿床深部找矿前景,笔者对矿床激电极化率异常、钻孔原生晕及深部地质体矿化特征进行研究。矿床频谱激电测量显示,激电极化率异常往深部未封闭且具较大延伸趋势;原生晕研究结果表明矿体叠加晕特征明显,局部出现反向分带特征,表明具有多阶段成矿的特征;同时Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu、Au、W、Sn等元素异常向深部均呈现高强度延伸,指示深部具备较好找矿潜力,由此提出深部存在厚大盲矿体或多金属矿脉群。通过对深部已控制岩体及Au、Cu矿化特征分析,提出深部具备寻找斑岩型铜金钨(钼)系列矿产的潜力。根据当前矿床地物化特征,认为索家沟银多金属矿床具有斑岩型成矿系统的特征,提出在岩体外围及浅部-中深部继续寻找银铅锌矿,深部寻找金铜钨(钼)矿的找矿方向,为该矿区或同类型区域进一步找矿提供借鉴。     

贵州银厂坡银矿床银矿物特征及其赋存状态

通过电子探针、化学分析、显微镜鉴定及野外观察等方法,对贵州威宁银厂坡银矿床的银矿物物理性质、化民分特征及银的赋存状态进行了研究。初步查明,银矿物主要有三种：自然银、螺硫银矿、银黝铜矿。在银黝铜矿中,Ａｇ的摩尔数与Ｓｂ、Ｚｎ的摩尔数呈明显正相关。银主要呈独立银矿物的形式赋存于Ｐｂ－Ｚｎ－Ａｇ和Ｐｂ－Ｃｕ－Ａｂ两类矿石中。     

Mineral and geochemical compositions,regularities of distribution,and specific formation of ore mineralization of the Rogovik gold-silver deposit (northeastern Russia)

New data on the mineral composition and the first data on the geochemical composition of ores of the Rogovik gold-silver deposit (Omsukchan ore district, northeastern Russia) have been obtained. Study of the regularities of the spatial distribution of ore mineralization shows that the deposit ores formed in two stages. Epithermal Au-Ag ores of typical poor mineral and elemental compositions were generated at the early volcanic stage. The major minerals are low-fineness native gold, electrum, acanthite, silver sulfosalts, kustelite, and pyrite. The typomorphic elemental composition of ores is as follows: Au, Ag, Sb, As, Se, and Hg. The content of S is low, mostly < 1%. Silver ores of more complex mineral and elemental compositions were produced under the impact of granitoid intrusion at the late volcanoplutonic stage. The major minerals are high-Hg kustelite and native silver, silver sulfosalts and selenides, fahlore, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. The typomorphic elemental composition of ores is as follows: Ag, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, and B. The content of S is much higher than 1%. The ores also have elevated contents of Mo, Ge, F, and LREE (La, Ce, and Nd). At the volcanoplutonic stage, polychronous Au-Ag ores formed at the sites of the coexistence of silver and epithermal gold-silver mineralization. Their specific feature is a multicomponent composition and a strong variability in chemical composition (both qualitative and quantitative). Along with the above minerals, the ores contain high-Hg gold, hessite, argyrodite, canfieldite, orthite, fluorapatite, and arsenopyrite. At the sites with strongly rejuvenated rocks, the ores are strongly enriched in Au, Ag, Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ge, Se, La, Ce, Nd, S, and F and also contain Te and Bi. The hypothesis is put forward that the late silver ores belong to the Ag-complex-metal association widespread in the Omsukchan ore district. A close relationship between the ores of different types and their zonal spatial distribution have been established. In the central part of the Rogovik deposit, epithermal Au-Ag ores are widespread in the upper horizons, Ag ores are localized in the middle horizons, and rejuvenated polyassociation Au-Ag ores occur at the sites (mostly deep-seated) with ore-bearing structures of different ages.     

Halogen Geochemistry of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes: Evidence for Transport of the Platinum-Group Elements by Cl-Rich Fluids

Compositional data on apatite, phlogopite, and amphibole indicatethat the high-temperature hydrothermal fluids which affectedthe lower portions of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexeswere Cl-rich. Apatites from the platinum-group element (PGE)ore zones from both complexes are enriched in Cl relative toother cumulus and noncumulus apatites in these intrusions andto apatites from the Skaergaard and Kiglapait Intrusions andthe Great Dyke. Apatites from all five intrusions can be groupedinto three distinct compositional fields: (a) Cumulus apatitesare essentially fluorapatites with molar Cl/(Cl+OH+F) <0?03;(b) noncumulus apatites, with the exception of those from thePGE ore zones of the Stillwater and Bushveld Complexes, haveCl/(Cl+OH+F) <0?20; (c) Cl-rich apatites associated withPGE-rich zones have Cl/(Cl+OH+F) between 0?45 and 1?0. The REEcontent of noncumulus and Cl-rich apatites also show a positivecorrelation with Cl concentration. It is argued that becauseCl is less soluble in silicate melts than F and because meltswith extremely high Cl/F ratios are unknown, the Cl-rich apatitesequilibrated with Cl-rich hydrothermal fluids exsolved duringsolidification of the cumulate sequence. The Cl, F, and OH contents of phlogopites and amphiboles aremore variable. Compositional heterogeneity is due to crystal-chemicalcontrols on halogen contents, variation in the halogen contentof the original melt/fluid phase and subsolidus re-equilibrationduring cooling with both surrounding mineral phases and lowtemperature fluids. However, both the Stillwater and Bushveldphlogopites are enriched in Cl compared to those from the Skaergaardand Kiglapait Intrusions. The compositions of coexisting minerals from the platinum depositof Olivine-Bearing Subzone I of the Stillwater Complex are usedto compute a fluid composition. The fluid is rich in alkalisand iron as well as HCl, and the solution composition is consistentwith fluid compositions deduced for the PGE-bearing secondaryhortonolite pipes of the Bushveld Complex. The high (Pt+Pd)/Irratios of these deposits are also consistent with a hydrothermalorigin, as both Pt and Pd are more soluble in Cl-complexingfluids than Ir.     

冲绳海槽中部Jade热液区热液沉积物中Ag的富集成矿作用

冲绳海槽Jade热液活动区热液沉积物主要以块状硫化物和硫酸盐矿物为主。与其它热液活动区相比,本区的热液沉积物以富含Pb和Ag等元素为特征。电子探针和中子活化的分析结果表明,在块状硫化物矿石中,Ag主要以分散态富集在粗粒硫化物和细粒硫化物集合体中,在热液活动的早期和晚期均有Ag的富集。在以硬石膏为主的块状矿石中,Ag主要在细粒硫化物集合体中富集,其富集成矿的时间为热液活动的中后期,富集成矿温度在150℃以上。在重晶石为主的块状矿石中,Ag主要以颗粒状自然银的形式在热液活动后期富集成矿,其成矿温度低于160℃。     

万山汞矿卤素元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对万山汞放卤素元素地球化学特征进行了较系统的研究。研究表明,Ｂｒ与１在矿区赋矿城、蚀变岩及矿石中都不同程度富集,从赋矿围岩→蚀变岩→矿石,含量明显升高,而Ｆ与Ｃｌ主要富集于蚀变岩石中,在隐伏矿体上部围岩中,Ｆ、Ｃｌ、Ｂｒ、１都有异常显示,这种卤素元素异常对寻找隐伏矿体具有指示意义。