鸡西盆地张新地区浅成侵入体对砂岩储层粘土矿物的影响

射线衍射分析测试方法对鸡西盆地张新地区浅成岩侵入后上下盘砂岩储层中的粘土矿物进行分析,粘土矿物具有3种组合形式：①伊蒙混层＋伊利石＋绿泥石±高岭石±绿蒙混层组合;②伊利石＋绿泥石±伊蒙混层组合;③伊蒙混层＋高岭石＋伊利石＋绿泥石组合。上盘围岩伊利石平均相对含量随远离辉绿玢岩体的距离增大而减少,伊蒙混层、高岭石、绿泥石平均相对含量增大;下盘围岩伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石平均相对含量随远离辉绿玢岩体的距离增大而增加,伊蒙混层平均相对含量减少。伊利石和高岭石相对含量的增加与其对孔隙度的影响效果相反;伊利石和绿泥石相对含量的增加对渗透率的影响效果相反。     

内蒙古锡林郭勒地区上古生界极低级变质作用:伊利石和镜质体反射率的证据

本文使用D/max-2500X射线衍射仪研究了内蒙古锡林郭勒地区上古生界泥质岩石伊利石的成因标志,讨论了有机质镜质体反射率对变质温度的表征。研究区上古生界泥质岩石伊利石的标型特征为:伊利石结晶度分布于0.28～>0.77之间,平均值0.40;伊利石(白云母)多型以2M1型为主,2M1+1Md多型和1Md多型相对较少;伊利石(白云母)b0值变化于8.983～9.046之间,平均值9.019,指示其形成于成岩-极低级变质作用。有机质镜质体反射率具有示踪变质温度的作用,应用Barker and Pawlewiez(1986,1994)、Barker and Goldsteinl(1990)和Mullis et al.(2001)建立的镜质体反射率地质温度计,对研究区上古生界泥质岩石变质温度进行了估算,揭示古地温处于136～321℃之间,温度估算值主要分布在180～260℃之间,平均值为245℃,这表明研究区上古生界遭受了成岩-极低级变质作用,变质程度属近变质带。研究区上古生界泥质岩石的Ro值主要分布在1.01%～3.67%之间,表明有机质演化处于成熟-过成熟阶段,泥质岩石具有生烃的能力,部分层位可能具有形成油气资源的潜力。     

内蒙古中部地区晚古生代地层接触变质作用研究初探

内蒙古中部晚古生代地层由于中生代岩浆的侵入,部分发生接触变质,变质程度多处于沸石相或葡萄石绿纤石相。通过对典型剖面的泥质岩石中的粘土矿物、伊利石结晶度以及镜质体反射率的分析,得出以下结论：（1）粘土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,只在极少数样品中有伊蒙混层和蒙脱石,多数缺乏伊绿混层;（2）伊利石结晶度为022~040;（3）镜质体反射率Ro值为15~40。其结果表明：在岩浆侵入地区有小规模的接触变质,为极低级变质带,并未发生大规模的低绿片岩相的区域变质,而且这种变质只影响到晚二叠世以前沉积的地层和油气,分布范围有限。     

川北阿坝地区三叠系粘土矿物特征及地质意义

分析了川北阿坝地区三叠系泥质岩的岩石矿物组合、粘土矿物类型、伊利石结晶度和镜质体反射率特征,并以此划分成岩演化阶段及变质程度。以成岩作用—极低级变质作用的研究方法,明确了阿坝地区成岩作用及极低级变质作用的上、下界限及区域分布规律:以唐克为中心的地区处于成岩作用晚期阶段,成岩作用温度200～212℃,伊利石结晶度IC≥0.42;周围地区处于极低级变质作用阶段,成岩作用温度212～222℃,伊利石结晶度IC<0.42。镜质体反射率(Ro)也具有同样的演化规律。对该地区域上成岩演化的差异及原因作如下解释:由于构造活动的远近程效应存在差异,该地区的周缘明显受到构造作用的影响,因叠加动力变质而达到极低级变质作用阶段;唐克位于阿坝地块中心,受构造作用的影响相对较小,因而处于成岩作用晚期阶段。     

徐湾—石头岗花岗闪长岩体对围岩的热影响

对徐海—石头岗花岗闪长岩体围岩中黑云母及有机质变质程度的研究发现:距岩体580m范围内的接触带岩石皆具有角岩化现象。黑云母含量受原岩成分影响,其鳞片粒径与岩体距离密切有关。围岩中镜质组反射率,(R_(mas))值与岩体距离之间有十分明显的规律。     

介绍一种寻找隐伏岩体的好方法:岩浆热场法

隐伏岩体对于热液矿床找矿是非常重要的。寻找隐伏岩体的方法很多,其中以物探(磁法、电法、重力、地震等)方法应用得最广泛、效果最好。本文介绍的岩浆热场法,是专门寻找隐伏岩体的方法。岩浆热场法是地球物理方法的一种,它以感知温度场的差别为目的,没有多解性是它最大的优点。它以岩浆热场理论为基础,以各种能够恢复古温度场的方法为手段。能够感知岩浆热场温度的方法很多,本文介绍了其中的五种:接触变质带法、煤质和煤级法、伊利石结晶度法、牙形石色变度法和镜质体反射率法等。接触变质带是岩浆热场直接的具体的体现,传统的接触变质带范围有限(一般不超过1km)。但是,如果考虑到极低级变质作用,将大大扩展接触变质带的范围(达6~8km)。煤质和煤级是煤田地质部门应用得非常娴熟的方法,中国无烟煤分布区大多与岩浆热场有关,是隐伏岩体的良好指示剂。伊利石结晶度、牙形石色变度和镜质体反射率法是极低级变质作用研究中非常重要的三个指标。在上述各种方法中,笔者推荐镜质体反射率方法。该方法具有简单、精确、适用、经济、快速的特点。与物探方法比较,该方法有很多优点,但也有其局限性。如果能够将该方法从煤田和石油部门移植到岩石学和矿床学部门,与磁法、电法、重力法配合使用,可以提高寻找隐伏岩体的效果。     

内蒙古陶海营子地区上二叠统林西组泥岩热演化程度研究

近年来松辽盆地外围油气勘探-基础地质调查表明,大兴安岭地区上二叠统林西组发育有厚层的暗色泥岩,为重要的潜在生烃层系之一.林西组在陶海营子地区出露广泛.本次研究采集了该区露头和钻井中的暗色泥岩样品.通过镜质体反射率（Ro）、伊利石结晶度（KI指数法）,对本区林西组暗色泥岩的有机质热演化程度进行了详细的研究,认为本地区林西组烃源岩演化处于高-过成熟演化阶段,未进入变质阶段,具有较好的页岩气勘探前景.     

伊利石结晶度在恢复地层剥蚀量中的应用--以合肥盆地安参1井白垩系剥蚀量的恢复为例

针对合肥盆地勘探程度低、地热史资料缺乏的现状,提出利用伊利石结晶度与埋藏深度和成岩温度之间的对应关系来确定古地温梯度,进而利用温度资料求取原始地层厚度和剥蚀量,并利用包裹体测温和镜质体反射率两种方法计算出安参1井白垩系的原始地层厚度和剥蚀量,其结果具有较好的可比性,为深化盆地下侏罗统和下白垩统烃源岩的热演化研究提供了保证.     

南黄海南部坳陷下第三系阜宁组、戴南组泥岩的粘土矿物与热成熟度的关系

粘土矿物在埋藏成岩过程中的重要变化是膨胀型粘土逐渐减少(如蒙脱石),伊利石、绿泥石结晶度逐渐增加(半高宽减小)。通过对具有代表性的常6—1—1井粘土矿物X衍射分析,系统研究了伊利石10A峰、绿泥石7A峰的半高宽、A/H值(背影峰面积/峰高)与镜质体反射率R_0以及有机质热变指数LOM的对应关系。研究结果表明伊利石(特别经乙二醇处理过)的10A峰半高度及A/H值可以估算有机质成熟与否;可以作为预测源岩生油门限以及油气保存阶段的指标。     

大兴安岭北部上古生界极低级变质温度——来自碳质物拉曼光谱的证据

使用Renishaw System-1000型激光拉曼光谱仪, 研究了大兴安岭北部上古生界泥质岩石碳质物的拉曼光谱特征及其对形成温度的表征, 探讨了拉曼光谱参数与镜质体反射率(R_o)的关系。研究表明:研究区上古生界泥质岩石碳质物不具有石墨的拉曼光谱谱带吸收峰, 揭示了地层的变质程度未达到低绿片岩相。利用此次经过完善建立的拉曼光谱地质温度计, 对大兴安岭北部上古生界泥质岩石变质温度的估算结果主要为270~320℃, 表明研究区上古生界遭受了极低级变质作用, 变质程度属近变质带。依据碳质物拉曼光谱参数与镜质体反射率的相互关系, 估算研究区有机质成熟度的R_o值主要分布为3.03%~4.23%, 与实测R_o值吻合, 表明有机质演化处于过成熟阶段, 泥质岩石具有生烃的能力, 部分层位可能具有形成油气资源的潜力。     

德兴斑岩铜矿田两类伊利石的存在及其在蚀变分带中的意义

德兴斑岩铜矿田内存在两种成因类型的伊利石：一是特征的热液蚀变矿物,它是在热液流体 作用过程中斜长石、云母类矿物通过伊利石化过程形成的,其结晶度(IC)和膨胀层含量受携 带矿质的热液流体量控制;二是浅变质作用自身的产物,其结晶度远较小于前者,具2M1 多型,且不含膨胀层,是原始蒙皂石完全伊利石化形成的。作者发现,在斑岩体和接触带内 ,伊利石结晶度小的部位,蚀变程度强,矿化品位也高。     

Origin of Illites at Dexing Porphyry Copper Deposit,Jiangxi Province,East China：Implications for Alteration Zoning and Ore—Forming Fluid Evolution

According to differences in features of illites including spatial distribution, crystallinity index, volume of swelling layer, polytype and relationship between its index and copper grade, two typical kinds of illite can be classified within the Tongchang porphyry copper deposit, Dexing County, East China. One is a kind of hydrothermally altered minerals within the hydrothermal alteration zone, including altered granodiorite-porphyry and altered metamorphic tuffaceous phyllite near the contact zone with porphyry rockbody. The illite crystallinity and expandability are mainly affected by water/rock ratio or fluid flux, and hydrothermal illite is formed by illitization of plagioclase and/or micas during hydrothermal fluid evolution within the porphyry body and near the contact zone with wall rocks. The other is a product of low-grade metamorphism itself by illitization of smectite, whose crystallinity index is lower than the hydrothermal illite and which is of 2M₁ polytype with no swelling layer, in the altered metamorphic tuffaceous phyllite far from porphyry rockbody ( > 2 km). Moreover, the negative correlation between illite index and copper grade indicates that, within the alteration zone, the smaller the illite crystallinity, the stronger the alteration degree, and the higher the copper grade due to higher water/rock ratio. At lower levels of the porphyry body, however, the illite crystallinity (IC) values are controlled mainly by temperature and time.     

Metamorphic petrology and geology in China: A review

The development of metamorphic petrology to metamorphic geology in China has a long history. Ancient basement metamorphic rocks are distributed primarily in the North China Craton, the Yangtze Block and Tarim Craton. They are mainly made up of plutonic gneiss and metamorphosed supercrust rock, transformed to granulite facies through Archean Paleoproterozoic. Many of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks have undergone high-pressure granulite facies metamorphism with a clockwise metamorphic evolution path. The ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulites from the Late Paleoproterozoic are found in North China Craton. Many high-precision chronological data have allowed preliminary construction of the formation and evolutionary framework of different metamorphic basements. Primarily there are low-temperature and high-pressure blue schist, high-temperature and high-pressure granulite and ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) eclogite facies metamorphic rocks in the Phanerozoic orogenic belt. The discovery of eclogite in the Sulu orogen and a large quantity of coesite in its country rocks show that there was a deep subduction of voluminous continental materials during the collision process between the Yangtze block and the North China Craton in the Early Mesozoic phase. From the studies of, for instance, organic matter vitrinite reflectance, illite crystallinity, illite (muscovite) polytype and illite (muscovite) b dimension, the Late Paleozoic strata in the eastern region of Inner Mongolia and the north-central region of NE China have only experienced diagenesis to an extremely low-grade metamorphism. The discovery of impact-metamorphosed rocks in Xiuyan area of Liaoning province has enriched the type and category of metamorphic rocks in China. The phase equilibrium method has been widely used in the study of metamorphism of middle and high-grade metamorphic rocks. On the basis of existing geologic surveys and monographic study results, different scholars have respectively compiled 1:1500000 Metamorphic Geological Map and Specifications of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and its Adjacent Areas, 1:2500000 Metamorphic Tectonic Map of China, and the 1:5000000 Metamorphic Geological Map and Specifications of China, among others repectively, which have systematically summarized the research results of metamorphic petrology and metamorphic geology in China.     

苏北盆地粘土矿物转化模式与古地温

以苏北盆地为例,系统研究了火成岩发育区粘土矿物组合特征及其控制因素;建立了粘土矿物转化模式;根据粘土矿物成岩演化特点,进行古地温分析。研究表明,苏北地区粘土矿物的分布主要受埋藏成岩作用、岩浆侵入、母质来源三种因素的影响,发育四种类型的粘土矿物组合和三种粘土矿物转化模式;火山碎屑岩母岩区和基性岩浆侵入区具有特殊的粘土矿物组合和成岩演化模式,前者以富含蒙皂石矿物为特点;后者出现高岭石与伊/蒙有序间层矿物共生组合,并具有不连续的演化序列;苏北盆地短有序I/S矿物出现于镜质组反射率 0.5 %～ 0.5 5 %的深度,伊/蒙间层矿物转变成伊利石在镜质组反射率 0.75 %～ 0.8%,可以用于热成熟度和古地温的估算;而蒙皂石消失的界面则不具有指标意义     

Diagenesis and Very Low‐grade Metamorphism of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in Eastern Changchun,China: Evidence from Clay Mineral Geothermobarometers

The metamorphic conditions of the Upper Permian Yangjiagou Formation in eastern Changchun, China, were evaluated based on the mineral assemblage, illite crystallinity, illite polytypism,the b dimension of illite, and the chemical composition of chlorite. The pelitic rocks in the Yangjiagou Formation are characterized by illite + kaolinite + chlorite ± mixed-layer chlorite/smectite and detrital quartz + plagioclase. Illite in the formation has a crystallinity of 0.38-0.55 and comprises mixed 2 M_1 and1 M_d polytypes, indicating a metamorphic temperature of 200℃. Based on the chemical composition of chlorite and the chlorite geothermometer, we estimated diagenetic to very low-grade metamorphic conditions with temperatures of 185℃～204℃. The b dimension of illite varies from 8.992 A to 9.005 A.We used a mathematical algorithm to extend Guidotti and Sassi's(1986) diagram relating illite b dimension with temperature and pressure, and used this diagram, together with illite crystallinity and chlorite chemical composition, to semi-quantitatively estimate the formation pressure at1.2 kbar. These reveal that the Yangjiagou Formation has experienced very low-grade metamorphism.