东天山土屋-延东斑岩铜矿围岩的同位素年代和地球化学研究

东天山土屋-延东大型斑岩铜矿的成岩成矿时代及其构造背景还存在很大争议。本文报道了铜矿远矿围岩—企鹅山群的同位素年代和地球化学研究结果。研究表明,企鹅山群安山岩中锆石 SHRIMP U-Pb 谐和年龄值336.5±6.6Ma,玄武岩的透辉石、斜长石和全岩 Sm-Nd 内部等时线年龄值334±36Ma,两个结果一致地表明企鹅山群形成于早石炭世。元素地球化学研究表明,企鹅山群玄武岩样品属于岛弧拉斑玄武岩系列,其稀土元素配分模式显示轻稀土相对富集,重稀土相对亏损的右倾模式,与洋中脊玄武岩相比,具有大离子亲石元素相对富集、高场强元素相对亏损的特征,具有俯冲带岛弧火山岩的典型特征。构造环境判别图解也指示企鹅山群形成于俯冲带环境。本研究对土屋-延东大型斑岩铜矿的成岩成矿作用时代及其构造背景问题提供了重要制约。     

豫西地区熊耳群的地质年代学研究

在地质构造背景基础上分析单颗粒锆石U Pb稀释法年龄数据 ,以标志王屋山期热构造事件有关的穿切熊耳群焦园组、坡前街组岩浆侵入活动年龄 16 4 4Ma～ 175 0Ma和热扰动年龄 16 5 0Ma±为依据 ,确定熊耳群上限年龄为 16 5 0Ma～ 170 0Ma。熊耳群火山岩系第二喷发旋回眼窑寨组 (“龙脖组”)流纹斑岩成岩年龄为 196 0Ma±。第一喷发旋回上部焦园组流纹斑岩成岩年龄为 2 10 0Ma± ;下部张合庙组大斑安山岩成岩年龄为 2 2 0 0Ma～2 30 0Ma。熊耳群的下限年龄小于 2 4 0 0Ma。这与豫西地区地层情况大体吻合。     

甘肃白银矿田基性火山岩的LA-ICP-MS同位素年代学

对白银矿田基性火山岩进行LA-ICP-MS法单颗粒锆石U-Pb年代学研究,查明白银矿田基性火山岩的成岩时代为465.0Ma±3.7Ma,相当于中奥陶世。结合前人的矿田酸性火山岩精确的同位素定年资料（467.3±2.9Ma和467.1±2.2Ma）,认为白银矿田成矿时代为中奥陶世,含矿火山岩系形成于奥陶纪的岛弧—裂谷环境。这些成果对进一步深入研究白银矿田的构造演化和指导北祁连山白银式块状硫化物矿床的找寻具有重要意义。     

海南岛东部黄竹岭地区变质火山岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄及其地质意义

海南岛东部黄竹岭地区出露一套中浅变质岩系,其中夹变质火山岩。变质火山岩中存在2组不同成因的锆石,获颗粒锆石U-Pb一致曲线上交点年龄为527Ma±48Ma,可解释为火山岩生成年龄的下限,下交点年龄为230Ma±13Ma,为岩石后期经受变质热事件的年龄。据上述颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄,结合区域地质背景分析,认为变质火山岩的形成年龄介于498.9～(527±48)Ma之间,该套地层形成时代为早古生代。     

南秦岭耀岭河群裂谷型火山岩锆石U—Pb年代学

南秦岭耀岭河群以变质基性火山岩为主,夹少量酸性火山岩和碎屑岩。基性火山岩和凝灰岩的TIMS法锆石U-Pb同位素年龄分别为808Ma±6Ma和746Ma±2Ma,表明耀岭河群主体形成于南华纪,西峡-淅川一带所谓的“武当岩群”明显年轻于中元古代武当岩群,应该属于耀岭河群。耀岭河群大陆裂谷型火山岩是全球Rodinia超大陆在新元古代晚期南华纪裂解过程中的产物,反映秦岭造山带和Rodinia超大陆的形成演化密切相关。     

藏北羌塘南部走构由茶错地区火山岩定年与康托组时代的厘定

康托组在羌塘南部地区分布广泛,是青藏高原始新世大规模隆升以后首先接受的陆相碎屑和火山沉积,以往根据时代跨度较大的生物化石将其时代确定为中新世,但一直存在争议。羌南走构由茶错康托组中呈层状出露的火山岩面积约120km2,主要岩性为玄武质粗面安山岩,保存有完好的火山口和火山颈。40Ar-39Ar积分年龄为30.5Ma±0.6Ma,K-Ar法年龄为33.3Ma±0.5Ma、29.3Ma±0.4Ma、32.3Ma±0.5Ma、28.4Ma±0.4Ma,为渐新世早期。结合区域上康托组与伴生火山岩的相互关系,确定走构由茶错、康托、鱼鳞山和纳丁错等地的火山岩是康托组的组成部分。根据走构由茶错火山岩同位素定年结果将康托组的时代由中新世厘定为渐新世,羌塘地区大规模隆升以后接受沉积的时间前推了大约10Ma。     

甘肃北山红柳园地区泥盆系三个井组和墩墩山群 LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其意义

对甘肃北山红柳园地区三个井组下部玄武岩和墩墩山群安山质火山岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,三个井组火山岩形成于420Ma±15Ma,相当于晚志留世;墩墩山群火山岩形成于367Ma±10Ma,相当于晚泥盆世。测年结果表明,晚志留世北山古生代洋盆已经俯冲消亡,并开始碰撞造山,而晚泥盆世墩墩山群火山岩则是北山早古生代洋盆碰撞造山后裂谷拉伸作用的产物,标志北山及相邻地区晚泥盆世进入到新的构造演化阶段 ——晚古生代板内伸展阶段。     

安徽南部庐枞盆地罗河-泥河铁矿田含矿辉石粗安玢岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义

安徽庐枞火山岩盆地中的罗河-泥河铁矿田产有与燕山期岩浆活动有关的大型铁矿床,是长江中下游玢岩型铁矿的一个重要组成部分。对矿田的含矿岩体进行了薄片鉴定和化学分析,结果表明该类岩浆岩为超浅成的中偏基性辉石粗安玢岩。运用锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法进行年龄测定,测得的206Pb/238U平均年龄分别为133.3Ma±0.6Ma(LJ23)、133.2Ma±1.1Ma(LJ37)、132.8Ma±2.6Ma(NHK1-2),3个年龄在误差范围内基本一致,表明矿田内辉石粗安玢岩的形成年龄约为133Ma。这一时间正好位于区内龙门院-砖桥和双庙-浮山两大火山喷发旋回的间歇期,为砖桥火山喷发旋回后期潜火山作用的产物。结合基础地质、矿床地质分析和含矿岩体、磁铁矿单矿物化学分析结果,推测矿田的成矿时间为133~131Ma。表明成岩成矿作用与发生于中国东部140Ma左右的构造体制大转折和130Ma左右的大规模岩石圈拆沉两大地质事件相吻合。     

鄂北耿集-板桥地区新元古代变火山岩系地层归属——来自锆石U-Pb测年、Hf同位素的证据

扬子克拉通北缘、鄂北枣阳市耿集-板桥地区震旦系—奥陶系中相间出露两套变火山岩系,其地层归属存在武当群和花山群的争议且长期缺乏深入研究。耿集-板桥地区野外调查、变火山岩系LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年、Lu-Hf同位素分析结果表明:耿集地区变火山岩系主要为浅灰色、灰白色变酸性含砾晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、晶屑凝灰岩、玻屑凝灰岩、粉砂岩,与打鼓石群硅质条带叠层石白云岩共生,其中变酸性晶屑凝灰岩锆石年龄为821.7 Ma、ε_Hf(t)值为-2.44～9.70,其可能是扬子克拉通前南华纪基底青白口系花山群组成部分;板桥地区变火山岩系主要由灰白色变酸性晶屑岩屑凝灰岩、火山凝灰岩、酸性火山岩、粉砂岩组成,内部发育大量基性侵入岩,其中变酸性火山岩锆石年龄为741.2 Ma,ε_Hf(t)值为4.62～9.56,其应归属为南秦岭造山带南华系武当群,可能是印支期逆冲到扬子克拉通盖层上的残块。     

柴达木盆地北缘新元古代蛇绿岩的厘定--罗迪尼亚大陆裂解的证据?

柴达木盆地北缘鱼卡河及绿梁山一带"奥陶纪"滩涧山群中分出-套"新元古代"的蛇绿岩组合,主要由玄武质(枕状)熔岩、岩墙群、辉长岩等古洋壳岩石组成,其中以MORB和岛弧玄武岩为主,岩石变质程度达角闪岩相.蛇绿岩洋壳的Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄值为768Ma±39Ma,Sm-Nd同位素等时线年龄值780Ma±22Ma.这套古洋壳岩石与典型的奥陶纪(约500Ma)火山岩不同,后者主要为中基性岛弧火山岩,岩石仅发生轻微绿片岩相变质;而前者与榴辉岩的成分可以对比,并且与榴辉岩原岩的时代(75～800Ma)相同.推断绿梁山的海底玄武质岩类可能就是榴辉岩的原岩,祁连地区新元古代蛇绿岩洋盆是在罗迪尼亚大陆大约800～750Ma发生裂解的基础上形成的.     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.