安徽西湾铅锌矿床地质特征与控矿因素

西湾铅锌矿床位于长江中下游成矿带中段庐枞矿集区北部、NE与近EW向基底断裂交会处，成矿条件优越。通过对矿区地质、矿化蚀变、矿体特征及矿石特征等进行分析，认为西湾铅锌矿的主要赋矿围岩为中三叠统周冲村组灰岩角砾岩，控矿构造为基底褶皱隆起带、基底断裂及其次级断裂，构造破碎带和“硅钙面”对铅锌矿体的控制明显。NE向断裂为导矿构造，其次级断裂及其形成的破碎带和“硅钙面”为容矿构造。根据赋矿围岩、控矿构造及铅锌矿赋存特征，认为西湾铅锌矿床的控矿因素为地层和构造，该矿床为受地层岩性和构造控制的热液充填型铅锌矿床。     

内蒙古翁牛特旗硐子铅锌矿床成矿流体性质与成因

硐子铅锌矿床发育在内蒙古西拉木伦河南侧、翁牛特旗少郎河铅锌多金属成矿带内。矿区出露的岩石主要为角闪石岩、花岗闪长岩等,矿体主要受断裂构造控制。矿化分为早期铜矿化和晚期铅锌矿化两个阶段。流体包裹体研究显示:硐子铅锌矿床主要发育气液两相包裹体,均一温度范围为120℃~180℃,盐度范围为0.4%~7.2%Na Cleqv,成矿压力范围为11.83~24.30 MPa,表明成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度的特点。碳-氧同位素分析结果显示成矿流体具有岩浆水与大气降水混合参与成矿作用的特点;硫同位素分析结果显示其成矿物质具有深源岩浆的特点。综合分析认为,在构造活动期,区域上活化的深源岩浆在上升过程中与下地壳及赋矿围岩发生部分熔融,并与下渗的大气降水发生混合,导致成矿流体在断裂构造有利的位置富集成矿。硐子铅锌矿为受断裂构造控制的中低温热液脉型矿床。     

重庆渝东南地区铅锌矿矿床成因浅析

重庆渝东南地区铅锌矿呈层状、似层状、脉状产于下、中寒武统碳酸盐岩的层间破碎带及构造裂隙中,受构造和地层的控制,区域性大断裂为导矿构造。矿床围岩蚀变主要有白云石化、硅化、黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化、方解石化、重晶石化、萤石化等。铅锌成矿元素主要来自基底,其次来自赋矿地层;硫主要来源于地层硫酸盐。成矿流体为海水混合了地层压实水的高盐度热卤水,并受重力和构造挤压的联合驱动。铅锌矿的主成矿期为加里东期,矿体在燕山期受到改造,为经过后期热液改造的MVT铅锌矿床。     

浙江上铁坑钼铅锌多金属矿床地质特征及找矿方向

文章对上铁坑钼铅锌多金属矿区进行深入的地质调查,从矿床地质特征、地球物理特征、地球化学特征、围岩蚀变等方面对其进行了较为系统的研究,认为矿床类型属中―高温岩浆热液充填(蚀变)矿床。矿体严格受断裂构造控制,区内中酸性岩体为成矿提供主要物质来源,矿体主要赋存于岩体内外接触带的断裂构造中。且进行了成矿远景预测,指出本区找矿方向。     

黔西北五指山穹状背斜构造特征与控矿模式

黔西北地区位于上扬子板块西南缘,是华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分之一。该区东南部的五指山穹状背斜控制着多个铅锌矿床,显示其与铅锌成矿作用有密切联系。本文以五指山穹状背斜为研究对象,通过详细的地质调查与构造解析,结合不同时代地层白云岩的微量元素地球化学分析,揭示五指山背斜的的构造样式及其控矿模式。不同时代地层白云岩中的Pb、Zn、As、Ag和Sb富集特征,显示围岩中的成矿元素有一定程度富集,但围岩可能不是主要的金属物源岩石。综合区域地质背景资料,本文认为五指山地区铅锌矿床的成矿物质主要来自基底岩石,成矿流体在断裂的运移过程中,由于岩性界面和流体压力等作用,在有利部位富集成矿,而五指山地区有利的穹状背斜-逆冲断裂构造样式,就是铅锌成矿的最有利部位。     

西藏当雄县拉屋铜铅锌矿地质特征及找矿标志

拉屋矿区铜铅锌矿床为矽卡岩型矿床,矿体主要产于灰岩、大理岩与二长花岗岩接触带上的矽卡岩内。矿区主要构造为北西向拉屋断裂(F3)及其次级断裂,与成矿关系密切。矿体受围岩接触带及断裂、岩层界面控制。围岩蚀变主要有矽卡岩化、硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿泥石化等。     

内蒙古翁牛特旗荷尔勿苏铅锌矿床成矿流体性质与成因

荷尔勿苏铅锌矿床发育在内蒙古西拉木伦河北侧、翁牛特旗少郎河铅锌多金属成矿带内。矿区出露的侵入岩主要为黑云母二长花岗岩、闪长玢岩等;矿体受断裂构造控制作用明显,属热液脉型铅锌矿床。矿化分为两个阶段:早期交代作用阶段和晚期裂隙充填阶段。流体包裹体研究表明,石英脉中主要发育气液两相包裹体。成矿流体从早阶段到晚阶段,其温度、盐度和压力等逐渐降低,具有中低温(170℃~316℃)、低盐度(1.2%~3.7%NaCleqv)的特点,成矿压力为11.83~24.30 MPa;稳定同位素碳、氢、氧证据显示了成矿流体为岩浆水与大气降水两部分组成的混合流体参与成矿作用的特点。综合分析认为,荷尔勿苏铅锌矿床成矿物质为深源岩浆在构造活动时期再次活化,与下地壳及赋矿围岩发生部分熔融形成,并在断裂构造有利位置富集成矿。荷尔勿苏铅锌矿属中低温热液脉型铅锌矿床。     

粤北大尖山铅锌矿床成因及围岩含矿性

贵东-大东山构造带南缘的压扭性断裂是大尖山铅锌矿床最主要的导矿、容矿构造,矿床产于断裂挤压破碎带内靠近上盘与英安斑岩的接触部位,是广东第二大铅锌矿床.通过对成矿时代、控矿构造、矿化特征、成矿温度及成矿物质来源的分析研究,初步证明该矿床成因属中温岩浆热液充填破碎带型;在分析研究了围岩含矿性的基础上,总结出矿区围岩对成矿的贡献:流纹斑岩＞英安斑岩＞中基性岩脉＞变质石英砂岩＞中粒黑云母花岗岩.     

内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗花敖包特银铅锌矿矿床地质特征及成因初探

花敖包特大型脉状银铅锌多金属矿床赋存于下二叠统寿山沟组（P_1s）裂隙破碎带中,属中低温次火山热液成因.矿床处于大兴安岭中南部的锡林浩特-霍林郭勒多金属成矿带上,断裂构造发育,火山活动强烈,银铅锌多金属多期成矿.矿体赋存于北西、北东及近南北向的构造破碎带里,矿体呈脉状严格受断裂构造控制.矿体规模中等,形态较复杂,厚度较稳定,组分较均匀.围岩蚀变发育,可出现3期,具明显的分带性.成矿期为晚侏罗世.     

重磁场特征对西藏扎西康矿集区构造格架与成矿的启示

受印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山作用的影响,扎西康矿集区内断裂构造发育,区内的铅锌多金属矿体赋存于下侏罗统日当组中,容矿围岩为含炭钙质板岩、钙质板岩和构造角砾岩,矿体严格受近南北向和北东断裂控制,呈脉状、透镜状产出。为了解扎西康矿集区构造情况及构造与成矿关系,笔者对开展的1：5万重磁测量获得的数据进行向上延拓,研究表明：矿集区具有反"L"异常分区特征,已知的矿床均处于低磁、低重区域,且深部存在多个隐伏岩体;再对数据进行水平方向导数、水平梯度模量和垂向二阶导数处理分析,解译出4条矿集区主断裂和1条次级断裂且该次级断裂为主要控矿断裂;主断裂或次级断裂圈闭区为成矿有利区,并划定4个成矿有利区;结合年代地质学、地球化学特征对构造格架与成矿进行了探讨,认为当具有一定构造格架时,则存在找矿潜力。     

Genesis of the Jurassic Carbonate‐Hosted Pb–Zn Deposits of Jebel Ressas (North‐Eastern Tunisia): Evidence from Mineralogy,Petrography and Trace Metal Contents and Isotope (O,C, S,Pb) Geochemistry

The Jebel Ressas Pb–Zn deposits in North‐Eastern Tunisia occur mainly as open‐space fillings (lodes, tectonic breccia cements) in bioclastic limestones of the Upper Jurassic Ressas Formation and along the contact of this formation with Triassic rocks. The galena–sphalerite association and their alteration products (cerussite, hemimorphite, hydrozincite) are set within a calcite gangue. The Triassic rocks exhibit enrichments in trace metals, namely Pb, Co and Cd enrichment in clays and Pb, Zn, Cd, Co and Cr enrichment in carbonates, suggesting that the Triassic rocks have interacted with the ore‐bearing fluids associated with the Jebel Ressas Pb–Zn deposits. The δ¹⁸O content of calcite associated with the Pb–Zn mineralization suggests that it is likely to have precipitated from a fluid that was in equilibrium with the Triassic dolostones. The δ³⁴S values in galenas from the Pb–Zn deposits range from ?1.5 to +11.4‰, with an average of 5.9‰ and standard deviation of 3.9‰. These data imply mixing of thermochemically‐reduced heavy sulfur carried in geothermal‐ and fault‐stress‐driven deep‐seated source fluid with bacterially‐reduced light sulfur carried in topography‐driven meteoric fluid. Lead isotope ratios in galenas from the Pb–Zn deposits are homogenous and indicate a single upper crustal source of base‐metals for these deposits. Synthesis of the geochemical data with geological data suggests that the base‐metal mineralization at Jebel Ressas was formed during the Serravallian–Tortonian (or Middle–Late Miocene) Alpine compressional tectonics.     

湘西-黔东地区碳酸盐岩容矿铅锌矿床成矿模式

湘西-黔东地区位于扬子陆块东南缘,在该地区碳酸盐岩地层中,目前已发现大、中、小型铅锌矿床及矿点200余处.为了解湘西-黔东地区铅锌矿床成矿作用过程,系统总结了区内主要铅锌矿床地质与地球化学特征,并对成矿机制进行探讨,建立成矿模式.区内铅锌矿床主要赋存于下寒武统碳酸盐岩中,分布明显受断裂及褶皱构造控制,矿体主要为层状、似层状或透镜状,矿物组成主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、方解石及少量萤石、重晶石和沥青,并伴随着广泛的以方解石化为主的热液蚀变.闪锌矿与方解石中的流体包裹体均一温度集中在120~200℃之间,盐度集中在8%~20%(NaCl_eqv)之间;成矿期方解石的δ13C_PDB值范围为-4.89‰~1.50‰,δ18O_SMOW值范围为13.37‰~25.09‰,略低于碳酸盐围岩;矿石硫化物δ34S值变化范围为22.3‰~36.1‰,以富含重硫为主;矿石硫化物铅同位素组成较为均一,变化范围较小,206Pb/204Pb在17.952~18.678之间,207Pb/204Pb在15.635~15.832之间,208Pb/204Pb在38.015~39.255之间.对地质和地球化学资料的综合分析表明,湘西-黔东地区铅锌矿床成矿流体为低温、中高盐度热卤水,主要来源于建造水和大气降水,成矿流体中的碳主要来源于碳酸盐围岩的溶解作用,硫来源于碳酸盐岩地层中硫酸盐热化学还原作用(TSR),铅锌主要来源于下伏地层,成矿时代为晚志留世-早泥盆世,属于比较典型的密西西比河谷型(MVT)铅锌矿床.综合以上分析建立了该地区铅锌矿床有机质参与下的多源流体混合成矿模式.      

浙江东南沿海地区中生代火山作用与铅-锌-银的成矿关系

浙江东南沿海发育的中生代酸-中酸性火山岩,属钙碱性和富钾弱碱性岩系,为同源同熔岩浆结晶分异产物;与火山岩系有关的Pb-Zn-Ag矿床产于流纹质火山-侵入杂岩体中,受火山基底断裂和火山构造的双重控制;矿床中硫主要来源于岩浆,Pb、Zn、Ag主要来源于火山基底岩石,部分来源于岩浆,火山热液形成于次火山期后,成矿早期热液具岩浆水与大气降水混合性质,晚期以大气降水为主.     

冀北围场县锥子山一带侵入岩岩石化学特征及成矿意义

介绍了冀北围场县锥子山一带各个期次侵入岩体的地质、岩石化学及地球化学特征,论述了各期次岩体的酸碱度、成因类型以及微量元素的富集分异性。从成矿专属性、物质来源、酸碱度对成矿流体的影响以及元素的富集分异趋势等方面,分析该区侵入体的成矿有利因素,认为侵入体与围岩的内外接触带、侵入体与构造结合部位是寻找Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、Cu和Mo等金属矿床的有利地段。     

Sulfur Isotope Variations of Metallic Ore Deposits in the Gyeongsang Basin,South Korea

Many metallic ore deposits of the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary periods are distributed in the Gyeongsang Basin. Previous and newly analyzed sulfur isotope data of 309 sulfide samples from 56 ore deposits were reviewed to discuss the genetic characteristics in relation to granitoid rocks. The metallogenic provinces of the Gyeongsang Basin are divided into the Au–Ag(–Cu–Pb–Zn) province in the western basin where the sedimentary rocks of the Shindong and Hayang groups are distributed, Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag–Cu), Cu–Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag), and Fe–W(–Mo) province in the central basin where the volcanic rocks of the Yucheon Group are dominant, and Cu(–Mo–W–Fe) province in the southeastern basin where both sedimentary rocks of the Hayang Group and Tertiary volcanic rocks are present. Average sulfur isotope compositions of the ore deposits show high tendencies ranging from 2.2 to 11.7‰ (average 5.4‰) in the Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag–Cu) province, ?0.7 to 11.5‰ (average 4.6‰) in the Cu–Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag) province, and 3.7 to 11.4‰ (average 7.5‰) in the Fe–W(–Mo) province in relation to magnetite‐series granitoids, whereas they are low in the Au–Ag(–Cu–Pb–Zn) province in relation to ilmenite‐series granitoids, ranging from ?2.9 to 5.7‰ (average 1.7‰). In the Cu(–Mo–W–Fe) province δ³⁴S values are intermediate ranging from 0.3 to 7.7‰ (average 3.6‰) and locally high δ³⁴S values are likely attributable to sulfur derived from the Tertiary volcanic rocks during hydrothermal alteration through faults commonly developed in this region. Magma originated by the partial melting of the ³⁴S‐enriched oceanic plate intruded into the volcanic rocks and formed magnetite‐series granitoids in the central basin, which contributed to high δ³⁴S values of the metallic deposits. Conversely, ilmenite‐series granitoids were formed by assimilation of sedimentary rocks rich in organic sulfur that influenced the low δ³⁴S values of the deposits in the western and southeastern provinces.     

Types,features, and prospecting potential for Mesozoic metal ore deposits in Zhejiang Province,southeast China

The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.     

Metallogeny of the Baiyangping Lead‐Zinc Polymetallic Ore Concentration Area,Northern Lanping Basin of Yunnan Province,China

The Lanping Basin in the Nujiang‐Lancangjiang‐Jinshajiang (the Sanjiang) area of northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is an important part of eastern Tethyan metallogenic domain. This basin hosts a number of large unique sediment‐hosted Pb‐Zn polymetallic deposits or ore districts, such as the Baiyangping ore concentration area which is one of the representative ore district. The Baiyangping ore concentration area can be divided into the east and west ore belts, which were formed in a folded tectogene of the India‐Asia continental collisional setting and was controlled by a large reverse fault. Field observations reveal that the Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata were outcropped in the mining area, and that the orebodies are obviously controlled by faults and hosted in sandstone and carbonate rocks. However, the ore‐forming elements in the east ore belt are mainly Pb‐Zn‐Sr‐Ag, while Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Cu‐Co elements are dominant in the west ore belt. Comparative analysis of the C‐O‐Sr‐S‐Pb isotopic compositions suggest that both ore belts had a homogeneous carbon source, and the carbon in hydrothermal calcite is derived from the dissolution of carbonate rock strata; the ore‐forming fluids were originated from formation water and precipitate water, which belonged to basin brine fluid system; sulfur was from organic thermal chemical sulfate reduction and biological sulfate reduction; the metal mineralization material was from sedimentary strata and basement, but the difference of the material source of the basement and the strata and the superimposed mineralization of the west ore belt resulted in the difference of metallogenic elements between the eastern and western metallogenic belts. The Pb‐Zn mineralization age of both ore belts was contemporary and formed in the same metallogenetic event. Both thrust formed at the same time and occurred at the Early Oligocene, which is consistent with the age constrained by field geological relationship.     

深穿透地球化学异常源同位素识别研究:以新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床为例

通过研究两个已知隐伏矿床(新疆金窝子金矿床、内蒙古拜仁达坝—维拉斯托多金属矿床)不同介质(地气、细粒级土壤、围岩、矿石)中的铅、硫同位素特征,探讨铅、硫同位素对地气、土壤中异常物质来源的示踪,得到以下结论:(1)两矿床的介质从地气、矿石、围岩到土壤,铅同位素比值(208Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、206Pb/204Pb)一般依次增加;土壤异常区相对土壤背景区,δ34S偏高。但对两个矿床背景区、异常区地气中的铅同位素组成、土壤中的铅、硫同位素组成进行方差分析后发现,数据均没有明显的差异,从统计学的角度初步证明研究区不适宜用铅、硫同位素示踪地气、土壤中异常物质的来源。(2)两个矿床的矿石、围岩中铅同位素组成均有明显差异,即围岩中明显有放射成因铅的积累。但这种差异没有显著地反映到背景区、异常区的地气中,原因有待进一步查证。仅从捕获剂的角度初步探讨了其原因。用土壤全量中铅、硫同位素组成特征来示踪土壤异常源,并没有成功,建议采用偏提取的方法测量其中活动态中的铅、硫同位素组成,在深穿透地球化学研究中更合理。     

初论胶东地区金矿成矿模式

对胶东金矿集中区成矿规律和地球物理信息的综合研究,提出了胶东地区可能存在一个规模较大的中生代地幔热柱－幔枝热构造。从区域构造背景出发,深入讨论了胶东地区的变质作用、岩浆作用、成矿作用的相互关系及其时空规律,初步建立了地幔热柱构造体系的壳－幔成矿模式。     

哀牢山成矿带长安金矿床成因：地质特征、流体包裹体测温和H-O-S-Pb同位素制约

中国西南部哀牢山成矿带南段长安金矿床成因机制仍然有待研究,为了解其成矿物质与流体来源,掌握其矿床成因类型,给矿山找矿增储工作提供依据,本文以长安金矿床作为研究对象,通过详细的地质特征描述、流体包裹体测温学和矿石H-O-S-Pb同位素测试来研究成矿物质和流体来源、演化,进而制约矿床成因,建立成矿模式。研究结果表明：前人认为的近南北向构造F₆并非断裂构造,而是隐爆角砾岩筒,其为长安金矿床的主容矿构造;主成矿阶段包裹体冰点温度绝大部分为-2.9~-0.7 ℃ ,对应盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.22%～4.79%,均一温度为162～226 ℃,属于低温低盐度流体体系。长安金矿床成矿主阶段石英的δ¹⁸O_H2O介于4.4‰～5.2‰之间,δD为-93.9‰～-85.9‰,落入岩浆水与大气水演化线之间,说明成矿流体为岩浆流体与大气水的混合物。长安金矿床黄铁矿的δ34S平均值为2.1‰（n=32）,绝大多数介于0.0~3.6‰之间,具有明显的岩浆硫的特点,认为硫来源于岩浆岩;黄铁矿的铅同位素组成特点明显具有二元性,反映了岩浆铅和上地壳围岩铅的双重贡献。综上,认为成矿物质和流体主要来源于岩浆,后期大气水和围岩也对成矿流体物质有一定贡献;长安金矿床受隐爆角砾岩控制,与低硫化型浅成低温热液型金矿的特征相似,尽管其围岩并非传统的火山岩。