露采矿山矿石品位的预测问题

在露采矿山,块段原矿品位和开采生产品位的预测是生产中经常的、大量的工作之一,矿石品位预测的正确与否,对矿产资源的充分利用、矿石质量的控制及矿山生产门稳定性有着十分重大的意义。本文拟以内蒙某露采铁矿为例,就矿石品位的预测问题作些讨论。一、块段原矿品位的预测问题露采矿山生产勘探的主要手段之一是槽探,即在开采台阶上以较密的线距(约25~50米)布置探槽,在槽中连续取样,以槽探的资料用算术平均法或加权平均法来预测块段原矿的品位。这种估计方法的精度及可靠性如何,过去缺乏实际对比资料。近年来,国外多采用估计     

关于平均品位計算方法的選擇问题

矿石平均品位的计算方法有算术平均法和加权平均法。兩种不同方法的采用是取决于矿石品位的变化程度,以及品位变化与矿体厚度(采样長度)的依賴关系。“有用成分均匀分佈并且品位与矿体厚度間没有依賴关系,以及在块段周圍取样分佈十分均匀的情况下,块段平均品位及平均厚度可以按算术平均法确定。当品位与厚度间存在依賴关系时,平均品位則以厚度加权平均法确定”。H·B·沃罗多蒙諾夫研     

基于MAPGIS平台的矿床模拟勘查系统设计

用MAPGIS建立起矿床的平面、剖面和矿石品位的模型.在该软件系统的支持下,对矿床进行模拟勘查的步骤如下:布置勘探剖面及形成工程设计剖面;布置剖面上的工程及模拟施工结果;布置见矿孔段的样品及模拟矿石品位;圈定矿体及储量计算;根据工程总成本及储量单位成本等指标,对勘查结果的评估做出模拟.最后,简单地演示软件的操作过程.     

三维模型在新疆梅岭铜矿勘探中的应用

梅岭矿区勘探程度较高,积累了大量的地质资料及研究成果,此次研究,建立了梅岭矿区三维地质数据库,应用Micromine软件建立铜矿体三维模型及Fm1断层模型,并应用距离反比法对M1和M2号矿体矿块模型进行空间插值,获得相应的品位模型.通过对比不同勘探网度条件下的矿体三维模型及矿体品位、矿石储量等特征的变化,探讨了在M1和M2号矿体勘探范围内设计勘探网度的合理性.     

贵州省磷矿品位-吨位模型的建立及其地质意义

利用2009年贵州省矿产资源利用现状调查磷矿成果数据库,以核查块段为基础,通过块段品位和块段资源储量数据对全省磷矿核查矿区平均品位统计,掌握了全省核查矿区高中低品位磷矿石的分布,并对块段品位数据区间分段统计吨位频率,建立了寒武系磷矿层和震旦系磷矿层品位-吨位模型。统计结果表明,寒武系磷矿层的矿区平均品位总体较低,震旦系磷矿层矿区平均品位总体较高,全省磷矿吨位频率服从正态分布,寒武系磷矿层吨位峰值区间较窄,震旦系磷矿层吨位峰值区间较宽。综合研究表明,开阳-息烽片区和瓮安-福泉片区震旦系磷矿层高品位矿石资源储量多,矿石质量好,可作为全省磷矿资源开发利用布局的重点地区,铜仁-松桃片区和清镇-织金片区寒武系磷矿层品位低、贫矿石资源储量多,矿石质量差,应加强低品位矿石和贫矿石的选矿技术研究。     

地质统计学在德兴铜矿储量计算中的应用

地质统计学又称“克立格法”(Kriging).它足以矿石品位和矿床储量的精确估计为主要研究目的,与传统的加权储量计算方法不同,它既考虑到地质变量的随机性,同时也充分反映了它们的空间结构性(相关性).地质统计学研究的主要对象是区域化变量,诸如矿石品位、累积量、矿体厚度、矿石价值、矿石中有害组份的含量等.研究区域化变量空间变异性的基本工具是变异函数(variogram).地质统计学用来进行矿床的储量计算不但能提供在无偏条件下达到估计方差为极小的矿石品位估计值,而且还能给出此种估值的精度.目前,世界上许多国家已成功地应用该法于不同矿种的各种类型储量计算的     

矿石储量分级的地质统计学研究

矿石储量计算及其分级是地质勘探工作中最后而又最重要的成果,传统的矿石储量分级一般是定性的,即用一些概念化的术语来刻划矿石级别。地质统计学(克立格法)不但给出待估块段的平均品位,而且还给出了估计的精度——克立格方差,因此,地质统计学是定量化矿石分级的较好方法。作者详细地研究了克立格方差的性质及其影响因素,讨论了关于经济可行性、地质可信度及可回采率的有关问题,特别讨论了影响地质可信度的若干因素,如待估块段的大小、孔距、矿体的结构特征以及边界品位等。最后,给出矿石储量分级的地质统计学准则、计算方法及程序系统和对一个铁矿床的研究实例。     

关于品位指标的讨论

甲:我和不少同志谈到矿石工业品位指标问题的时候,都发现这里面有一些不同的看法和做法.不知道你有没有这个感觉.乙:是的.我们最近在计算矿量时,就是对"块段平均品位"这样一项最基本的指标,也有不同的认识.有人说,"块段平均品位"就是指工业矿块中每一个勘探工程各个样品平均品位的下限;平均品位低于它的钻孔是不能圈进矿块的.有人却说,不是这样的,这项指标是一个矿块中诸工程或诸样品平均品位的下限,不适用于一个工程或一个样品.按照这两种方法圈出的矿体差别很大.真理只能有一个吧.你先说说,在这方面你们是怎么干的.     

爱景山天青石矿石体重对品位回归分析

<正> 在储量计算工作中,矿石体重是一个重要参数。在实际工作中,由于多数矿种矿石体重的变化均比品位的变化幅度小得多,因而体重样品采集的数量也较少。进行储量计算时,一般采用算术平均法计算矿石的平均体重,就足以保证所求储量的精度。当然,矿石平均体重的计算,一般也要根据矿石类型、品级及储量级别等所划分的块段分别计算。天青石、重晶石等一些比重大、工业品位要求较高的矿种,由于矿石品位、体重变化     

序贯高斯模拟在矿石品位估计中的应用研究

随机模拟是地质统计方法的重要内容。在矿石品位估计方法中克里格方法作为一种无偏估计方法,常被用于矿石品位的估计。但克里格法估值存在平滑效应。作者在分析序贯高斯模拟和普通克里格法基本原理的基础上,运用序贯高斯模拟方法和普通克里格方法对某铁矿体内全铁(TFe)品位进行估计,给出了品位估计结果模型。研究从勘探线方向、垂直勘探线方向和竖直方向分别计算变差函数,对球状模型、指数模型、高斯模型的变差函数拟合效果进行了优选,结果表明球型模型拟合效果最好。针对序贯模拟和克里格品位估值效果进行了分析,结果显示:序贯高斯模拟结果在品位分布形态上更接近样品品位分布形态,其平滑效应更小;克里格方法估计与序贯高斯模拟方法相比仅在品位均值方面更接近样本品位均值。因此,认为序贯高斯模拟方法可以更好地刻画矿体内品位分布状态。     

Probabilistic models for ore body recognition

Four statistical models have been developed to aid in exploration drilling for ore deposits. The Austinville (Virginia) deposit, which is a Mississippi Valley-type deposit with 31 million metric tons of ore in 17 ore bodies, provides the data base. Because most ore bodies are not solid ore, holes drilled through them will intersect sub-ore mineralization as well as ore. The statistical models were designed to show whether drilling is through an ore body or not, depending on the mineralization intersected by holes. The models are based on a threefold classification of mineralization penetrated by surface drill holes and were developed for cases of fixed budgets with specified number of drill holes and floating budgets with variable number of drill holes. Two classifications were used: (1) binomial ore/non-ore classification and (2) trinomial ore/mineralized/barren. For the fixed budget model with the ore/non-ore classification, at least five holes need to be drilled to decide whether or not an ore body has been penetrated. For the fixed budget model with the ore/mineralized/barren classification, and for both floating budget models, at least three holes need to be drilled. All decisions are based on a 90% confidence level.     

印度尼西亚某金矿矿床地质特征及找矿远景探讨

印度尼西亚北苏拉维西省西南某金矿大地构造上处于欧亚板块、大洋洲板块和太平洋板块的交汇部位,属西太平洋火山-岛弧的一部分,其主构造呈北东-南西向展布,并伴有北西-南东向次级断裂构造,在这些构造交汇部位常分布有多个大型金矿床。2008年~2010年,相关方面对该金矿实施了系统的地质勘查工作,本文基于勘查获得的地质资料,对该矿的矿区地质、构造特征、矿体几何形态、矿石结构构造、矿物组成和蚀变等作了系统的研究,认为含金矿体主要发育于遭受断裂活动的灰岩和安山岩的接触界面,断层下盘灰岩中发育不规则的溶洞充填型矿体,由于渗透性差,断层上盘安山岩中矿化不发育。硅化角砾岩是矿区及周围找矿的重要标志。矿区内已探明矿体两端延伸方向及其深部是下一步找矿的主要方向。     

Hydrogeologic modeling of the genesis of carbonate-hosted lead-zinc ores

 Carbonate-hosted lead–zinc ore deposits in the Mississippi Valley region of North America and in the central midlands region of Ireland provide good examples where ancient groundwater migration controlled ore formation deep within sedimentary basins. Hydrogeologic and geochemical theories for ore genesis are explored in this paper with mathematical models that allow for complex permeability fields in two or three dimensions, hydrothermal flows in fault systems, and coupled effects of geochemical reactions. The hydrogeologic framework of carbonate-hosted ores is analyzed with the aim of developing a quantitative understanding of the necessary and sufficient processes required to form large ore deposits. Numerical simulations of basin-scale hydrodynamics and of deposit-scale reactive flow are presented to demonstrate the processes controlling low-temperature Pb–Zn ore genesis in two world-class ore districts, in southeast Missouri, USA, and central Ireland. The numerical models presented here provide a theoretical basis for the following observations: (1) topography-driven brine migration was the most effective mechanism for forming the large ore districts of the Mississippi Valley, such as the Viburnum Trend of southeast Missouri, during the uplift of the Appalachian–Ouachita mountain belt in late Paleozoic time; (2) three-dimensional flow fields were created by a dolomite facies of the Viburnum Trend, which acted as a giant lens for focusing metal and heat in southeast Missouri to produce the largest known concentration of lead in the Earth's crust; (3) ore-mineralization patterns were controlled locally by basement relief, permeability structure, and sandstone pinchouts, because of their effects on cooling and fluid-flow rates along the Viburnum Trend; (4) both density-driven and topography-driven fluid flow were important for ore genesis in the Irish midlands, where brines moved northward away from the Variscan orogen, leaked into the Hercynian basement, and discharged along normal faults up into the sedimentary cover; and (5) mixed convection within northeast–southwest fault planes elevated heat flow and flow rates that fed ore deposition by fluid mixing, in some cases near the Carboniferous seafloor in Ireland. Received, February 1998 · Revised, July 1998 · Accepted, September 1998     

Micromine三维地质建模及其地质意义

通过对桌铜矿区地形、勘探线剖面图及中段平面图等基础地质资料的收集整理,利用Micromine三维软件,分别对矿区的地形、地层、岩浆岩、矿体进行了三维地质建模。在三维可视化环境下对矿体的形态、产状以及矿体与围岩、断裂的关系有了清楚的认识,对矿区整体的构造格架有了明确的把握。     

复杂金属矿体地震波正演模拟研究-以庐枞罗河-泥河-大包庄矿床为例

地震勘探在金属矿勘查中发挥越来越重要的作用,但复杂的介质结构和矿体形态通常使金属矿地震解释异常困难,为深入研究复杂金属矿体的地震波场特征,有效开展金属矿地震解释,本文以庐枞矿集区的罗河、泥河和大包庄矿床为例,在详细开展物性测量和地质与地球物理建模的基础上,对均匀介质复杂矿体模型、简化矿体模型和随机介质简化矿体模型进行了...     

三维地质建模技术在云南万龙山锌锡铜矿地质勘查中的应用

采用3D Mine矿山建模软件,综合云南省马关县万龙山锌锡铜矿山所属的地物化遥及各种探矿工程数据,在三维环境下建立了矿山的探矿工程数据库和矿体模型,并指导找矿圈矿工作。根据矿区基本地质统计,进行资源储量估算和相关综合研究。建模工作与万龙山生产勘探保持同步,在前期的探矿工程数据质检和见矿工程统计数据提供方面、中期的协同矿体圈连和直观反映各矿体三维空间形态及数字特征方面、后期的矿体资源量估算与应用等方面使地质勘探工作更为高效、便捷,有效促进勘查工作进程。     

湘西州矿产资源现状及找矿方向

湘西州锰、钒、铅、锌、汞等金属矿产资源丰富,但贫矿多,富矿少,资源保证程度不高。今后除在已知矿带（床）内进一步进行深部矿、隐伏矿、难识别矿和“贫中找富”,开拓“第二找矿空间”外,还应运用新理论、新技术、新方法,拓展找矿新领域、新类型,实现找矿新突破。     

铜官山矿田深部构造的三维计算模拟及其找矿意义

计算模拟已成为研究矿田深部三维构造重要可行手段,对深部找矿具有重要意义。基于铜官山矿田地质背景及所获勘查数据特征,我们采用知识驱动下多级约束和多源数据融合建模方法模拟矿田范围内–2000 m以上主要地质界面。以逆冲推覆导致断展–断弯褶皱理论模式解释大地测深的电阻率数据,推断地质界面位置,在Micromine-GOCAD耦合平台上在多级约束下融合多源的界面位置数据,以离散光滑插值算法和Delaunay三角网剖分法重构主要地质界面,在计算机虚拟空间再现矿田三维构造格架。结果显示:铜官山岩体和天鹅抱蛋岩体三维形态变化复杂,总体上向西倾,向深部岩体规模快速变小。位于铜官山岩体东接触带的铜官山铜矿田深部无找矿潜力,原因是接触带产状变陡,并且是岩体直接与上泥盆统砂岩接触;矿田深部主要构造为走向NE并沿倾向弯曲的逆冲推覆断层;铜官山背斜东翼含矿的中–上石炭统层位向深部倒转后又在–1200 m至–1500 m深度返转成向东南缓倾的正常层位,其底部与逆冲推覆断层重合,是深部找矿的有利靶区。     

Prediction of hidden ore bodies by synthesis of geological, geophysical and geochemical information based on dynamic model in Fenghuangshan ore field, Tongling district, China

Although the Tongling district is one of the most important Cu districts in China, exploration strategies need to be urgently updated to achieve a more predictive method for discovering hidden ore bodies. This paper presents a case study showing how new exploration strategies were developed and successfully used to discover a hidden ore body in the Fenghuangshan ore field of the Tongling district. All previously discovered ore bodies in the Fenghuangshan ore field were Cu skarn deposits located where dilational fault zones cut the contact zone of the Xingwuli granitoid complex. The features of the ores and the related magmatic rocks and hydrothermal alteration suggest that porphyry copper deposits are also likely to be present in the ore field. After assessing spatial controls on ore formation, ore-related indicators numerical simulating the coupled thermal–hydrological–mechanical processes during syn-deformation cooling of the Xingwuli Intrusion were used to choose a target area to the south of the Fenfhuangshan mine. In this target area, we have carried out an exploration program involving mapping, rock chip sampling for Cu in the fractured and altered rocks, and pesu-random triple frequency induced polarization (IP) and the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) surveys. Synthesis of the data obtained in this program identified a target that was subsequently drilled. This test hole demonstrated the presence of high grade Cu ores typical of both skarn and porphyry copper deposits.     

矿床三维地质建模及储量估算——以丰村铅锌矿径口矿段为例

钦杭成矿带是我国最重要的成矿带之一,丰村铅锌矿位于钦杭成矿带南段庞西垌地区,是区内典型的沉积热液改造型矿床。依据现代成矿预测理论,结合已有的地形地质图、勘探线剖面图、钻孔数据等资料,运用三维地质建模技术建立了丰村铅锌矿径口矿段的地表模型、断裂模型、地层实体模型、矿体模型。在此基础上分别应用地质块段法和块体模型统计法进行了矿体的资源储量估算,并将两种估算结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,块体模型统计法比地质块段法应用范围更广,效果更精准,可以清晰表达矿体品位值变化特征,进而加深对矿体、矿床的空间分布规律的认识。同时,利用多元信息进行三维地质建模,可靠性高,可视化效果好。将传统的二维地质拓展到三维空间进行定位与定量化,有助于分析矿区地质构造特点与矿床成因,是现代寻找矿床的一种有效手段。