基于DEM渭河上游流域的活动构造量化分析

渭河上游流域位于青藏高原东北缘,横跨近东西向的秦岭北缘构造带和近南北向的贺兰山构造带的复合部位,是青藏高原向大陆内部扩展增生的前缘部位.晚更新世以来,伴随着青藏高原的不断隆升与扩展,研究区构造活动程度强烈.同时,受印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的远程效应的扩散作用和南北构造带活动的叠加作用影响,造成流域内部构造活动相对程度的差异性,因而需要对其分区域分析.本文利用DEM数据和3S技术,对区域地形地貌进行三维可视化和统计分析,提取地貌的参数指标,如面积-高程积分(Hi)、流域盆地不对称度(AF)、河长坡降度(SL)、山前曲折度(Smf)、谷底宽度与谷肩高度的比值(Vf)、盆地形状指数(Bs)等,然后对地貌参数指标等级进行算术平均化(S/n),可得到区域的相对构造活动程度(Iat),分为低、中等、高和较高四类等级.分析结果认为:渭河上游流域相对构造活动程度(Iat)值为1.50,流域相对构造活动程度等级为2级,属于区域活动构造程度高的地区.其中六盘山东麓断裂南端和西秦岭北缘断裂带(天水-武山断裂和漳县断裂)构造活动程度(Iat=1.33)较强,面积约占流域总面积8.79％.而研究区东南部的八渡-虢镇断裂和陇县-岐山断裂构造活动程度中等,反映了晚更新世以来,该区域构造活动减弱.研究结论与野外地质和地貌调查结果一致.     

基于DEM的白龙江流域构造活动定量分析

白龙江流域地处青藏高原向黄土高原过渡的斜坡急剧变形带,是我国泥石流、滑坡灾害最为严重的地区之一,由于流域受多条断裂带的影响,内部相对构造活动强度存在差异,因此对该地区构造活动程度的研究显得尤为重要。本文基于SRTM3-DEM数据,利用GIS技术提取了白龙江流域33个子流域的面积高程积分(HI)、河流阶梯指数(SL)、流域盆地不对称度(AF)、流域形状指数(BS)、谷底宽度与谷肩高度比(VF)等5种地貌参数。然后对5种地貌参数进行分级,求取5种地貌参数分级值的算术平均值,作为评价研究区的构造活动程度(Iat),分为弱、中等、较强和强四类。研究结果表明,白龙江流域中上游地区构造活动程度为中等至强(Iat≤2),这与该地区受青藏高原隆升效应及断裂带走滑作用相一致。下游地区构造活动程度相对弱(Iat2),地貌差异不明显,这与该地区主要断裂带第四纪以来活动性弱有关。研究结果与区域的地质背景相一致,该研究对利用地貌参数进行流域的活动构造量化分析具有借鉴意义。     

涪江上游流域盆地地貌特征及构造指示意义

对涪江上游流域盆地地貌特征及成因进行研究,有助于揭示青藏高原东缘晚新生代以来新构造活动的差异性。本文以ArcGIS水文分析模块为技术平台,在研究区域内系统提取涪江上游流域盆地地表水系网络和涪江干流东西两侧36个亚流域盆地,并对亚流域盆地面积、周长、水系总长度、水系分支比、流域盆地演化阶段进行统计分析,结果表明,涪江干流河道东西两侧典型地貌参数存在显著差异。通过对该区域构造运动、岩石抗侵蚀能力、降水特征等几方面因素与河流下切过程相关性的分析可知,降水条件和岩性差异并不是涪江上游亚流域盆地不对称发育的主要影响因素,该区域断裂活动导致的地形不对称分布格局及岩层破碎程度的差异是涪江上游流域地貌差异演化的主控因素。另外,涪江上游干流展布呈现出两个特征:涪江干流河道因雪山断裂、北川-映秀断裂、彭县-灌县断裂的右旋(或左旋)走滑作用而沿断裂发生同步弯曲;涪江干流河道在北川-映秀断裂北侧由西北-东南流向转变为近正南流向,究其原因,主要是龙门山断裂带3条主干断裂的区域性右旋走滑活动驱动该区域物质产生相应右旋运动,从而使长期处于断层右旋作用控制之下的涪江干流河道发生转向。     

岷江水系流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义*

晚新生代以来发育岷山构造带内部的岷江水系流域盆地,无论是流域盆地内的新生代沉积记录,还是其流域地貌所呈现的典型特征,都深刻指示了青藏高原东缘地区的新构造活动。文章基于数字高程模型(DEM)数据空间分析技术,利用最新获取的高精度SRTM-DEM数据,系统提取了岷江水系中上游流域汇水盆地以及67个亚流域盆地的典型地貌参数,如流域面积、河流长度、分支比等。通过对流域地貌参数以及纵向河道高程剖面等的统计分析,认为岷江水系东西两侧具有截然不同的地貌特征,东侧流域盆地主要表现为面积小、河流长度短、分支比低以及河流梯度大等特征。由于岷江水系东西两侧地层岩性的对称发育以及整个岷江流域盆地对气候因素具有同一的响应特征,所以亚流域盆地典型参数特征指示了岷江水系两侧晚新生代构造活动的差异性,反映并印证了岷江断裂东西两侧晚新生代以来的不均衡抬升。晚新生代以来岷山构造带的快速隆起以及龙门山构造带内部差异活动是造成岷江水系东侧各支流发育程度低,东西两侧亚流域差异地貌特征形成的主要原因。     

基于ASTER-GDEM数据的羊卓雍错地区构造地貌分析

基于ASTER-GDEM数据, 运用GIS空间分析统计技术, 通过对数字地形高程、地表起伏度、地表坡度等地貌参数的统计和条带剖面及面积-高程积分等数字地貌分析, 结合前人的区域地质资料及野外实地调查和验证, 对藏南羊卓雍错地区的构造地貌特征进行了初步分析, 旨在为研究区的盆地地貌格局演化分析提供依据。研究结果表明, 研究区构造地貌总体为一近东西向盆地, 最高海拔7515 m, 最低海拔2581 m, 属于高海拔-极高海拔区域; 流域内以平原和丘陵地貌为主, 平均起伏度为314 m, 平均坡度19°, 地势起伏较小, 发育有三级层状地貌; 盆地边缘受断裂的控制, 构造现象发育, 线性影像特征明显。其东、西部分别受桑日-错那断陷带和亚东-露谷断陷带所围限, 具有多期构造活动特征。盆地南北两侧受绒布-哲古断裂和邛多江断裂控制较弱。受构造活动和地表水流综合作用的影响, 盆地内部地貌已进入老龄化阶段。      

祁连山西段党河流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义

党河流域位于祁连山西段,流域内发育有三危山断裂、阿尔金断裂、野马河断裂和党河南山断裂等.这些断裂晚第四纪新活动性明显,控制着区内的构造变形、山体隆升与河流水系地貌发育.流域地貌参数指标能够很好地反映区域构造变形特征,因而党河流域地貌的发育和演化过程也记录了该区构造活动的重要信息.本文基于GIS空间分析技术,利用SRTM-DEM数据,系统提取了研究区内水系网络并对其进行Strahler分级后,获取党河流域各级亚流域盆地共计554个,进而计算了各亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分(HI)值,并对HI值进行空间插值,获取党河流域HI值空间分布特征.通过对比区内各个地貌参数指标,发现其与构造活动具有很好的相关性和同步性,表明构造活动对于流域地形地貌发育具有强烈的控制作用.区内亚流域盆地的面积-高程积分值分布特征表明,HI低值区与第四纪断陷盆地的范围相一致,而HI高值区则与晚更新世以来主干断裂的逆冲活动山体隆升范围相一致,反映了该区山体隆升和盆地沉降作用的总体面貌.     

滇中地块新生代晚期的变形机制:基于构造地貌学分析

滇中地块位于青藏高原东南缘,是研究青藏高原东南缘新生代晚期构造变形机制的理想场所. 滇中地块新生代晚期的变形机制主要有“下地壳流”和“刚性块体挤出”两种模式,前者认为地块构造活动分布较为均匀,后者认为构造活动沿断裂带更为强烈. 由于地貌指数对构造活动非常敏感,为厘定研究区新生代晚期的变形机制,基于30 m分辨率的SRTM?3数字高程模型（DEM）提取了滇中地区319个（亚）流域盆地,通过分析获得了面积高程积分曲线及面积高程积分（HI）、流域形状指数（BS）、流域盆地不对称度（AF）、标准化河流阶梯指数（SLK）、谷底宽度与谷间高度比（VF）这5种地貌指数,综合这五种指数得出相对活动构造指数（I_at）,并利用构造地貌指数（I_at）揭示了研究区的相对构造活动分布特征. 研究表明丽江-小金河断裂带、则木河-小江断裂带、红河断裂带及金沙江两侧的I_at值相对较小,其他部位相对较高,这表明滇中地区的构造活动性强的区域主要集中发育在断裂带附近,与“刚性块体挤出”模式相一致. 滇中地块中部的金沙江两侧I_at值相对较低,表明其地貌活动性较强. 这是由于新生代晚期青藏高原东南缘的隆升及河流重组,导致的金沙江及其支流切割力增强,从而造成金沙江两侧HI值、BS值、SLK值增高和VF值降低,使得金沙江两侧I_at值相对较低.      

南北地震带中段地貌发育差异性及其与西秦岭构造带关系初探

南北地震带中段地区发育一系列与西秦岭构造带走向近似平行的断裂系统,历史上沿上述断裂系统曾发生过多次强震甚至大地震,预示着断裂系统的最新活动特征,同时也表征了南北地震带中段地区断裂活动的差异性.文章选取南北地震带中段西秦岭构造带交接区长江水系嘉陵江一级支流白龙江和西汉水,黄河水系一级支流洮河以及渭河等上游流域为研究对象,以宏观地貌发育、水系平面展布和河流纵剖面陡峭程度等特征为基础数据,初步分析了南北地震带中段地貌发育总体特征及其与西秦岭构造带的关系.研究发现,地貌特征指示南北地震带中段明显存在构造活动性差异特征:南侧白龙江流域表现为地形起伏大、坡度陡、河流陡峭指数高等特征,主要受控于迭部-白龙江断裂带的持续活动;北侧西秦岭北缘断裂带发育部位,武山以西断裂迹象明显,渭河流域上游与洮河岷县-临洮南段等地区的地貌参数也指示了该段断裂较强的活动性.渭河及嘉陵江上游西汉水地区水系分布不对称特征指示了晚新生代以来西秦岭造山带与渭河地堑系活动的共同控制.白龙江水系主要支流所表现出的平行展布的线性水系特征表明迭部-白龙江断裂带等一系列平行断裂带对水系发育的控制作用.结合以往研究成果、历史强震和大震以及微震分布资料,我们进一步分析发现,南北地震带中段存在一条地震密集带,该带沿岷山-龙门山构造带向北,至舟曲-迭部附近跨过白龙江,向北沿礼县、宕昌及岷县至天水-甘谷-武山一带再向北经通渭、西吉等地区与六盘山构造带相接.这一认识支持南北向构造特征晚于东西向构造体系,并且很大程度上是深部地幔动力学和岩石圈圈层关系调整变动的产物的认识,同时也揭示了南北地震带与西秦岭构造带复杂的叠加复合构造关系.     

基于ASTER-GDEM数据的黄河源地区构造地貌分析

基于ASTER-GDEM数据,利用彩色晕染、密度分割与GIS空间统计分析技术,结合地质资料,通过地形高程、地势起伏度、地表坡度、高程和平均坡度剖面及流域面积-高程积分等手段,对黄河源地区的构造地貌特征进行了初步分析.研究表明,黄河源地区为一NW-SE带状盆地地貌,平均海拔4 473 m,平均起伏度为60 m,平均坡度为9.5°,为高海拔盆地,盆内地势平坦,盆缘山势险峻.黄河源盆地内部(4 200～4 300m)湖相地层发育,地势略有起伏,为古大湖湖底地貌后经河流改造形成;盆内发育三级阶梯状层状地貌面,高程分别为4 400m、4 500m和4 600m,为古大湖作用形成的三级大型湖积阶地;盆地两侧发育山地地貌,沟壑纵横,为山体隆升、构造剧烈活动和强烈风化剥蚀作用形成.黄河源地区的地貌特征受构造作用控制较为明显:盆地边缘的昆南断裂、布青山山前断裂和巴颜喀拉山前断裂对盆地的展布形态和整体地貌特征具有控制作用;盆内玛多断裂、巴颜河前断裂和麻多—野牛沟断裂破坏了古湖积阶地的层状地貌,控制了盆地内部的地势起伏变化和黄河源区水系的整体展布.黄河源流域地貌整体处于壮年期,为构造活动和水流作用的综合结果.4 200～4 800m高程范围内的流域面积最大,占总流域的90.6％,为长期内流作用形成的区域平坦的地形,推测为古湖期湖泊作用的结果;盆地两侧的山前地区,构造活动剧烈、风化作用显著,呈现老年期地貌;盆地东南切口为河谷地貌,处于幼年期,由黄河源的地貌发育特征推测黄河源水系为发育较为年轻的水系.     

洮河水系流域地貌特征及其构造指示意义

通过数字高程模型(DEM)的空间分析技术,系统提取研究区洮河水系流域盆地典型的河流地貌参数,并利用活动造山带地区发育的基岩河道纵向剖面形态等典型参数,分析洮河水系流域盆地地貌发育不对称性特征及洮河在岷县流向的急剧转变成因。研究表明洮河上游南岸水系较北岸水系形状指数高、流域面积大、水系发育更成熟,下游东岸河流河长较短、流域面积小、形状指数低于西岸,西岸水系更发育,且上游流域要比下游河道平缓,水系的相对落差更低,发育更成熟,表明上游河道形成时间早于下游河道。临潭—宕昌断裂带的逆冲隆升作用是造成洮河上、下游水系形态差异的主要原因。岷县东侧山脉的快速隆起致使古洮河被截断,之后被东北侧河流溯源侵蚀,切穿西秦岭北缘构造带,进行河流袭夺,从而形成了现今的洮河。最后探讨了对青藏高原东北端晚新生代以来的构造响应。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001265

Landscapes in tectonically active Hindu Kush（NW Pakistan and NE Afghanistan） result from a complex integration of the effects of vertical and horizontal crustal block motions as well as erosion and deposition processes.Active tectonics in this region have greatly influenced the drainage system and geomorphic expressions.The study area is a junction of three important mountain ranges （Hindu Kush-Karakorum-Himalayas） and is thus an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the relative tectonic activity resulting from the India-Eurasia collision.We evaluate active tectonics using DEM derived drainage network and geomorphic indices hypsometric integral（HI）,stream-length gradient （SL）.fractal dimension（FD）.basin asymmetry factor（AF）.basin shape index（B_s）,valley floor width to valley height ratio（Vf） and mountain front sinuosity(S_mf). The results obtained from these indices were combined to yield an index of relative active tectonics （IRAT） using CIS.The average of the seven measured geomorphic indices was used to evaluate the distribution of relative tectonic activity in the study area.We defined four classes to define the degree of relative tectonic activity:class 1 very high（1.0≤IRAT 1.3）;class 2-high（1.3≥IRAT<1.3）:class 3—moderate（1.5≥IRAT<1.8）;and class 4—low（l.8≥1RAT）.In view of the results.we conclude that this combinetl approach allows the identification of the highly deformed areas related to active tectonics.Landsat imagery and held observations also evidence the presence of active tectonics based on the dellected streams,deformed landforms.active mountain fronts and triangular facets.The indicative values of IRAT are consistent with the areas of known relative uplift rates,landforms and geology.     

Evaluation of relative tectonic activity of Buin Zahra-Avaj area,northern Iran

Present active tectonics is affecting central Alborz and created various dynamic landforms in Buin Zahra-Avaj area, northern Iran. The area, located between the southern central Alborz and the edge of northwestern central Iran, is the result of both the Arabian–Eurasian convergence and clockwise rotation of the south Caspian Basin with respect to Eurasia in which most of the steep fault planes have a left lateral strike-slip component and most of the dip-slip faults are reverse, dipping SW. Since this region consists of several residential and industrial areas and includes several fault zones, the assessment of the structures of the present activity is vital. Six significant morphometric indices have been applied for this evaluation including stream length–gradient (SL), drainage basin asymmetry factor (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf), drainage basin shape (Bs), and mountain front sinuosity (Smf). The combined analyzed indices, represented through the relative tectonic activity (Iat), were used. The study area was divided into four regions according to the values of Iat. These classes include class 1 (very high activity,18%), class 2 (high, 20%), class 3 (moderate, 44%), and class 4 (low, 18%). The results of these indices are consistent with field observations on landforms and the deformation of Quaternary deposits.     

Appraisal of relative tectonic activity along the Kazerun Fault Zone,Zagros Mountains,Iran: insight from spatial analysis of geomorphic indices

This paper investigates the impact of active tectonics on the geomorphic processes and landscape evolution along the Kazerun Fault Zone (KFZ) in the Zagros Mountains of Iran using spatial analysis of geomorphic indices. We document how topography and morphology are influenced by active tectonic deformation. The Zagros fold–thrust belt is an area of active crustal shortening where northwest–southeast oriented fault‐related folds become younger from north to south and from southeast to northwest. This temporal and spatial evolution of the belt was tested using geomorphic indices of active tectonics that include mountain front sinuosity index (Smf), the valley width/height ratio (Vf), drainage basin asymmetry factor, hypsometric integral, drainage basin shape ratio and mean axial slope of the channel. Change in the geomorphic indices is the result of active fold growth and change in the uplift rate. Decreasing Smf and Vf values from north (Smf = 2.01; Vf = 0.5) to south (Smf = 1.12; Vf = 0.2) and from southeast (Smf = 1.84; Vf = 0.8) to northwest (Smf = 1.54; Vf = 0.1) points to a migration of the active crustal shortening towards W–SW. The combined geomorphic (field evidences) and morphometric data (quantitative analysis of geomorphic indices) provide evidence of relative variation in the tectonic activity along the Kazerun Fault Zone and related landforms. The utilization of geomorphic parameters with comparison to the field observations exhibits change in relative tectonic activities mostly corresponding to the change in mechanism of the prominent fault zones in the study area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A quantitative analysis of relative tectonic activity classes of Kali river basin, southwest coast of India

The Kali river basin of the southwest coast of India has been investigated to examine the influence of tectonic activity through an analysis of the geomorphic indices that were computed using geographical information system (GIS). Five geomorphic indices—stream length–gradient index, asymmetry factor, hypsometric integral, valley floor width-to-height ratio, and elongation ratio—were used for identification of evidences of tectonic activity. The results obtained from these indices were combined to develop an index of relative tectonic activity classes using GIS. The average of the five measured geomorphic indices was used to evaluate the distribution of relative tectonic activity in the study area. About 18 % of the study area (～726 km²) belongs to class?1; 37 % (～1506 km²) to class?2; and 44 % (～1,762 km²) to class 3. Sub-basins found at the Western Ghat region, relative tectonic activity classes show low and medium values which indicate the higher degree of tectonic activity compared to the upland plateau regions.     

Morphotectonic Appraisal of Yamuna River Basin in Headwater Region: A Relative Active Tectonics Purview

In the present paper integrated appraisals of landform evolution and their geomorphic features, drainage networks across the upper part of Yamuna river basin have been attempted by using various geomorphic indices such as watershed, drainage density (D), drainage texture, stream-gradient index (SL), hypsometric integral (HI), drainage basin asymmetry (AF), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), sinuosity index (SI), valley floor height and width ratio (Vf) and data of historical earthquakes in characterizing the basin in view of relative index of active tectonics (RIAT) on DEM in geographic information systems (GIS) environment to assess the influence of recent tectonics on geomorphologic growth of the basin.The substantiated RIAT classes through some field observations and corroborated by recent seismicity reveal the recent activation of Yamuna tear faults in the basin with delineation of four RIAT classes such as class-1 (inactive 9.8% of the area), class-2 (low active; 16.40% of the area), class-3 (moderately active; 42.38% of the area) and class-4 (very active; 31.62%). The results suggest that the Himalayan frontal thrust (HFT) and Yamuna tear (YT) located in the basin is morphogenic in nature and got activated several times as evidenced by number of seismic activities in the basin and adjoining regions. The incision, and sharp turning of rivers, crenulations and warping of cross beddings/laminations and silt/clay beds and lenses, megascopic and mesoscopic faulting in sediment sequences suggest a very active nature of the HFT and YT till date in association with three prolific microseismogenic weak zones These active discontinuities appear to support the formation and development of different deformational features in sediment sequences which may be indirectly related to subduction and underthrusting of Indian plate under Eurasian plate below the Himalayan mountain chain.     

Tectonic geomorphology of the easternmost extension of the Gulf of Corinth (Beotia, Central Greece)

The easternmost sector of the Gulf of Corinth, the Beotia area in Central Greece, is an area with active normal faults located between the two major rift structures of Central Greece, the Gulf of Corinth and the North Gulf of Evia. These active normal faults include WNW to E–W and NE to ENE-trending faults affect the landscape and generate basin and range topography within the Beotia. We study four normal fault zones and drainage basin geometry in the easternmost sector of the Gulf of Corinth to document the impact of active tectonics on the landscape evolution. Fault and drainage geometry are investigated based on detailed field mapping and high-resolution digital elevation models. Tectonic geomorphic analysis using several parameters of active tectonics provides information concerning the relative tectonic activity and fault growth. In order to detect areas of lateral stream migration that could indicate recent tectonic activity, the Transverse Topographic Symmetry Factor and the Asymmetry Factor are used to analyse drainage basin geometry in six large drainage basins and a drainage domain covering the study area. Our results show that vertical motions and tilting associated with normal faulting influence the drainage geometry and its development. Values of stream-gradient indices (S_L) are relatively high close to the fault traces of the studied fault zones suggesting high activity. Mountain-front sinuosity (S_mf) mean values along the fault zones ranges from 1.08 to 1.26. Valley floor width to valley height ratios (V_f) mean values along the studied fault zones range between 0.5 and 1.6. Drainage basin shape (B_S) mean values along the fault zones range from 1.08 to 3.54. All these geomorphic parameters and geomorphological data suggest that the analyzed normal faults are highly active. Lateral fault growth was likely produced by primarily eastward propagation, with the WNW to E–W trending faults being the relatively more active structures.     

DEM and GIS analysis of sub-watersheds to evaluate relative tectonic activity. A case study of the North–south axis (Central Tunisia)

Morphotectonic analysis using geomorphic indexes has been developed as a basic tool to identify recent tectonic deformation in specific areas.This study was undertaken to develop an integrated quantitative geomorphic analysis of tectonic activity in the North–south axis, central of Tunisia. Different geomorphic indexes, including elongation ratio (E), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), Valley floor width-to-height ratio (Vf), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), and stream length gradient index (SL) were calculated. The relationships between the calculated indexes, their correlations and their significance (based on p-values) were also investigated.. Using the hierarchical cluster analysis based on Ward’s method, these indexes were classified into three classes describing the relative, different effect of tectonics in each fault segment. The higher deformation is concentrated in the NE-SW Boudinar fault, followed, in order of decreasing activity, by Goubrar, Gouleb, and Majoura normal faults. This pattern of variation in the relative degree of tectonic activity is consistent with field evidence.     

Tectonic geomorphology of the Kemalpaşa Basin and surrounding horsts,southwestern part of the Gediz Graben,Western Anatolia

The Kemalpa?a Basin is one of the Quaternary basins in Western Anatolia and represents the south-western branch of the Gediz Graben system in this extensional province. This basin has been formed under the NNE–SSW trending extensional tectonic regime. It is bounded by a major fault, the Kemalpa?a Fault, in the south and it is bounded by a number of downstepping faults, called as Spilda?? Fault Zone, in the north. Both margin-bounding faults of the Kemalpa?a Basin are oblique-slip normal faults. In order to better understand the activities of these faults, we investigated the tectonic geomorphology of the Kemalpa?a Basin and interpreted the effect of tectonic activity on the geomorphological evolution using geomorphic markers such as drainage basin patterns, facet geometries and morphometric indices such as hypsometric curves and integral (HI), basin shape index (B_s), valley floor width-to-height ratio (V_f) and mountain front sinuosity (S_mf). The morphometric analysis of 30 drainage basins in total and mountain fronts bounding the basin from both sides suggests a relatively high degree of tectonic activity. The mountain front sinuosity (S_mf) generally varies from 1.1 to 1.3 in both sides of the basin suggesting the active fronts and facet slopes (12°–32°) suggest a relatively high degree of activity along the both sides of the Kemalpa?a Basin. Similarly, the valley floor width-to-height ratios (V_f) obtained from the both sides indicate low values varying from 0.043 to 0.92, which are typical values (<1) for tectonically active mountain fronts. The all values obtained are lower for the southern side. Therefore, we suggest that the tectonic activity of the Kemalpa?a Fault higher than the Spilda?? Fault Zone. This difference that can be arised from the different uplift rates also reveals the typical asymmetric characteristics of the Kemalpa?a Basin. Additionally, the trapezoidal facets which have been observed on the southern side of the basin indicate that the Kemalpa?a Fault is evolutionally more active as compared to the Spilda?? Fault Zone. The geomorphic indices indicate that the Quaternary landscape evolution of the Kemalpa?a Basin was governed by tectonic and erosional processes, and also the all results of morphometric analysis suggest a relatively high degree of tectonic activity along the faults bounding the Kemalpa?a Basin. Moreover, considering that active large normal faults with an average 15 km long can cause major earthquake, the earthquake hazard in the Kemalpa?a Basin should be investigated in detailed paleoseismological studies.     

Application of drainage basin morphotectonic analysis for assessment of tectonic activities over two regional structures of the northeast India

The analysis of drainage basin morphotectonic indices is applied in assessment of the influence of tectonic activity on thirteen selected drainage basins of the streams having linear courses and flowing over two very prominent regional structures of northeast India, viz. the Belt of Schuppen and the Dauki fault. Such analysis has been made in order to assess the influence of tectonic activity of these structures on the morphology of the drainage basins of those streams.The different morphotectonic indices considered are: Basin elongation ratio, hypsometric integral, steepness index and profile concavity, drainage basin asymmetry, valley floor width to valley height ratio, longitudinal profiles, stream length gradient index and mountain front sinuosity. Results of the analysis of the morphotectonic indices of the drainage basins infer that morphology of both the streams and drainage basins have been influenced by the regional structures and the present tectonic status of these two structures varies from active to slightly active phase. No significant influence of lithology is seen in the distribution pattern of the anomalous knick points along the longitudinal profiles. The study also reveals that presently the state of tectonic activity is not uniform within the same regional structure and the Belt of Schuppen is relatively more active as compared to the Dauki fault.