松粉热模拟轻烃分子生物标志物分布特征

研究表明,花粉的产烃高峰在热模拟的３００℃－５００℃,生产烃期在３５０℃－４５０℃。２００℃以前仅有微量的轻烃产出,５５０℃以后因强烈的热降解效应轻烃馏份也大大降低。轻烃主要由四个组份组成,最主要的组份是１－４个芳环的芳烃系列化合物,它们在４５０℃以前占总轻烃的５５．１７％－６５．２１％。５００℃以后的轻烃中多环芳烃化合物几乎占到１００％。其次组份是正构烷烃,烷基环己烷和长链脂肪酸系列化合物。     

盘星藻烷烃生物标志物特征及其热演化试验的初步研究

本文以盘星藻作为典型样品，研究淡水水生单细胞藻类的烷烃生物标志特征及其热解生烃特征。实验结果表明，盘星藻生烃主要分成四大类：正烷烃、稀烃、无环类异戊二烯和二环萜类。ｎＣ１７在正烷烃组分中占５１．６％。检出一组Ｃ２０的二环萜类同分异构体，其含量相当于正浣烃含量的９７．１％。盘星藻热解生烃也以低碳数烃类为主，与高等植物来源的烃类相区别；甾烷Ｃ２９／（Ｃ２７＋Ｃ２８＋Ｃ２９）值为０．５左右，与海洋浮游生     

真菌孢子烷烃生物标志物特征及其热演化试验的初步研究

以一种类似地层中无孔多胞孢的现代真菌链格孢属孢子为样品，研究真菌孢子的原生烃烷烃馏分生物标志物及其热解生烃特征。实验结果表明，真菌孢子样品原生烃类的烷烃馏分，主要由正烷烃、异构烷烃和链烯烃相成。正烷烃约占抽提物总量的０．１８％、ｎＣ１９，烷占正烷烃总量的２４．１％。     

盐湖相低演化烃源岩的生烃机理及生物标志物演化特征——沥青“A”热模拟

柴达木盆地盐湖相低演化烃源岩沥青“A”的热模拟研究表明:在热作用下其排烃高峰在热模拟温度较低区间220~270℃,且以非烃和沥青质相对丰度最高为特征。沥青“A”在由未熟—低熟—成熟的演化过程中,各系列生物标志物的成熟速率不同,表现为正构烷烃＞藿烷＞甾烷。非烃和沥青质中含杂原子的极性化合物在热模拟温度300℃后开始大量发生脱羟基、脱羧基、脱羰基及链断裂反应。沉积有机质在低演化阶段甾烷C29 ββ/(ββ+αα)值异常高表明该地区细菌微生物发育。柴达木盆地低演化烃源岩在较低温度区间大量排烃,是细菌微生物对沉积有机质改造后其活化能大大降低所致。     

断层作用热模型及其对烃源岩热演化的影响

从盆地的应力状态分析入手,从断层摩擦生热的角度,建立了断层作用生热的定量模型。在此基础上,确定了断层摩擦产生的热量与断层的性质、深度、构造应力和流体压力等之间的定量关系,定量分析了断层摩擦生热对烃源岩热演化的影响。结果表明:断层作用的生热量主要决定于断层的深度,构造应力的大小、流体压力、断层的位移量、断面摩擦系数等;断层的活动速率对断层摩擦的生热量没有影响,但对断层带内产生的温度却起决定性的作用;在断层快速活动的条件下(地震型),断层摩擦生热虽然可以产生很高的温度,可以造成断层面附近岩石的局部熔融,但其影响范围和影响持续的时间是十分有限的。     

湖相烃源岩混合型母质成烃演化特征热模拟研究

为探讨湖相有机质成烃演化特征,选择混合型母质烃源岩进行加水模拟实验,以探讨混合型母质的成烃特征。研究表明,湖相混合型母质具较强的生油和生气能力,液态油产率随温度先增后降,生油窗明显。天然气形成于整个演化过程中,但主要形成于生油高峰后。气态产物主要有非烃气如氢气、氮气、一氧化碳、二氧化碳等,以及烃气(如从甲烷到C6+重烃)和一些烯烃。气体中二氧化碳含量最高,其次为氢气、甲烷和其他气体。二氧化碳在整个生油阶段都有较高含量,但随温度升高而降低,实际地质条件下大量二氧化碳主要都通过水合作用等而消耗殆尽,利于储集层次生孔隙的形成,氮气在生油早期含量高,氢气和烃类气体含量随温度升高而增加,实际气藏中由于氢气化学活性强而基本消耗掉了。正、异构烷烃之比随温度升高而增加,利用该参数时应注意热演化的影响。     

北塘凹陷古近系烃源岩特征及热演化史模拟

根据大量的烃源岩地球化学数据, 分析了北塘凹陷古近系烃源岩的地球化学特征, 从有机碳含量(TOC)、氯仿沥青\"A\"、总烃含量、S₁+S₂、有机质类型和成熟度(R_o)等方面对古近系烃源岩进行了系统分析, 结果表明北塘凹陷东三段、沙一段和沙三段是本区的烃源岩层段, 其中沙三段烃源岩生烃指标最好, 是本区的主力烃源岩层段.烃源岩的模拟结果表明: (1)北塘凹陷的烃源岩门限深度为2 390 m, 门限温度为94.2℃, 进入生烃门限的时间约为25~28 Ma; (2)北塘凹陷沙三段的现今地层温度为140~160℃, R_o达0.9%~1.4%, 正处于生油高峰期; 沙一、二段的现今地层温度为100~140℃, R_o达到了0.75%~1.0%左右, 已进入中等成熟阶段; 东营组的现今地层温度为80~100℃, R_o为0.45%~0.75%, 处于低-中等成熟阶段.      

珠江口盆地白云凹陷地温场特征及烃源岩热演化

通过对珠江口盆地白云凹陷108口钻井的地温数据(BHT、MDT、DST)进行校正、分析,以点到面重构白云凹陷的现今地温场,再结合地质与地球化学资料,正演恢复白云凹陷烃源岩的热演化史及生烃史.研究结果显示:(1)白云凹陷具有变地温场,地温梯度分布在35～60℃/km之间,呈现出南高北低的分布特征.(2)受控于白云凹陷变地...     

松粉热模拟产物中饱和烃生物标志物分布

松粉和高岭土混合样品热模拟残渣氯仿抽提物和烃饱馏份中的生物标志物主要是正构烷烃系列化合物,其次是类异戊二烯烷烃、甾族系列、三环二萜烷和系列化合物,检测出少量量烷基环己烷系列,异构烷烃系列和类胡萝卜烷系列生物标志物。各类地球化学指标显示松粉热解排烃呈现１５０￣２５０℃和３００￣４００℃两个高峰期,前期生烃物质可能来地孢粉抽粉壁中的类脂物,后期主要来泊于分外壁中的孢粉素,后斯的排烃量大于前期。正构烷烷     

澳大利亚北波拿巴盆地Plover组烃源岩特征及热演化

北波拿巴盆地油气资源丰富,是澳大利亚重要的含油气盆地.下一中侏罗统Plove:组烃源岩分布广,厚度大,是北波拿巴盆地的主力烃源岩.基于地质和地球化学等资料,采用有机地球化学方法和盆地模拟技术,分析了Plover组烃源岩的分布、有机质丰度、类型及成熟度等静态特征,并定量模拟恢复了其热成熟演化历史.研究表明,Plove:组...     

Similarities and differences in hydrous pyrolysis of biomass and source rocks

In laboratory simulation of oil generation, products from closed systems pyrolysis of immature source rocks in the presence of water gives the closest match to petroleum compositions observed in nature. Fresh biomass can also be converted to fluids by pyrolysis, but in the absence of the sedimentary diagenetic transformations, the initially much higher oxygen content gives high yields of oxygen containing products. In this work, the reactions that occur during hydrous pyrolysis of a Kimmeridge source rock, a brown coal and two polymeric waste materials from alginate production are compared in terms of quantities of the main products and kinetic models of the reaction systems. The biomass pyrolysis and the simulated maturation are described in similar reaction networks. Conversion of biomass to fluids occurred with reaction networks and activation energy distributions comparable to the brown coal, while for the Kimmeridge source rock reactions a simpler reaction network could be used. The biomass samples gave a high degree of conversion to fluid products, and higher yields of bitumen than the coal.     

Steranes and terpanes in kerogen pyrolysis for correlation of oils and source rocks

Comparison of biological marker alkanes in the kerogen pyrolyzate and bitumen from a sediment is a useful test for the indigenous nature of sediment extracts. For the pyrolysis conditions used, the bulk of the hydrocarbons is released from the kerogen matrix between 375° and 550°C; and its steriochemistry is almost the same as that observed in the extractable bitumen in a genuine source rock. Examples are given to demonstrate that, during pyrolysis, the sterane/terpane ratio decreases and secondary terpanes are generated at the expense of primary ones.The mechanism of artificial petroleum generation by pyrolysis differs from ‘natural’ diagenesis during geological time and is reflected in the composition of certain C₂₇-C₂₉ steranes, as demonstrated by simulation experiments and C₂₉-C₃₀ moretanes and hopanes. The $\text{5α}\text{5β}$-sterane ratios, jointly with $\text{17α(H)-hopane}\text{17β(H)-moretane}$ ratios, tricyclic terpane concentrations and $\text{17α(H)}\text{17β(H)}$-trisnorhopane ratios, allow the differentiation of kerogens from adjacent stratigraphies.     

济阳坳陷古近系烃源岩分子成熟度参数的异常分布

济阳坳陷古近系湖相烃源岩的自然演化剖面结果表明,分子标志化合物的演化是一个受沉积环境、矿物组成、有机质赋存状态和温度等多种因素共同影响的复杂过程,其演化具有阶段性,随着埋藏深度增加,大多呈现出“先增大,后减小”的模式。形成于半咸水—微咸水的沙三段下部烃源岩分子标志化合物的演化较为剧烈,温度的影响是主要的,但随着深度的增加,碳酸盐矿物含量逐渐升高对分子标志化合物的演化起到了抑制作用;而形成于咸水—半咸水的沙四段烃源岩分子标志化合物变化平缓,平衡值降低,高盐沉积环境和丰富的碳酸盐矿物在一定程度上延缓了异构化进程。这个结果对于我们正确理解和应用分子成熟度参数具有重要启示,对于咸化湖泊条件下形成的第三系盆地深部地层的勘探具有指导意义。     

Guidelines for assessing the petroleum potential of coaly source rocks using Rock-Eval pyrolysis

Coaly source rocks are sufficiently different from marine and lacustrine source rocks in their organic matter characteristics to warrant separate guidelines for their assessment using Rock-Eval pyrolysis. The rank threshold for oil generation is indicated by the increase in BI (S1/TOC) at Rank(S_r)9–10 (T_max 420–430 °C, R_o 0.55–0.6%), and the threshold for oil expulsion is indicated by the peak in QI ([S1+S2]/TOC) at Rank(S_r)11–12.5 (T_max 430–440 °C, R_o 0.65–0.85%). The pronounced rank-related increase in HI (S2/TOC) prior to oil expulsion renders the use of immature samples inappropriate for source rock characterisation. A more realistic indication of the petroleum generative potential and oil expulsion efficiency of coaly source rocks can be gained from samples near the onset of expulsion. Alternatively, effective HI′ values (i.e. HIs near the onset of expulsion) can be estimated by translating the measured HIs of immature samples along the maturation pathway defined by the New Zealand (or other defined) Coal Band. Coaly source rocks comprise a continuum of coaly lithologies, including coals, shaly coals and coaly mudstones. Determination of the total genetic potential of coaly source rock sequences is best made using lithology-based samples near the onset of expulsion.     

莱阳凹陷烃源岩石油包裹体及有机地球化学研究

用高倍荧光显微镜精细观察,在莱阳凹陷莱孔2井下白垩统莱阳组水南段暗色泥岩中发现比较丰富的微石油包裹体群.它们主要分布在暗色泥岩的砂质碎屑矿物和自生矿物中,其暗色泥岩为富含藻类和无定型干酪根的优质烃源岩,有机地球化学的分析结果表明其为生烃潜力很好的烃源岩:TOC=1.14%～3.00%,S1=0.16～0.83mg/g,S2=4.45～22.8 mg/g,IH=390～671 mg/g;样品可溶有机质生物标志化合物的分析结果表明其普遍具有植烷优势,Pr/Ph=0.25～0.43,伽马蜡烷含量较高,规则甾烷呈V字型分布,4.甲基甾烷C27＜C28＜＜C29;分析样品中含有比较丰富的三环萜烷,五环三萜烷以C30藿烷为主峰,C29降藿烷含量较高,Ts和Tm含量较低;甾烷和萜烷化合物的热成熟度参数指标反映可溶有机质的热成熟度较低,物源以藻类等低等水生生物输入为主,植烷优势和伽马蜡烷含量较高的特点反映了湖盆的沉积环境具有微咸水.咸水和较强的还原特征.烃源岩石油包裹体的均一温度测量值为th=78.5～82 ℃,石油包裹体PVTsim模拟计算的捕获压力为281.2×105～282.5×105 Pa.莱孔2井埋藏史剖面和古地温、古压力的恢复结果表明,本区下白垩统,莱阳组水南段暗色泥岩在喜马拉雅早期抬升以前,在地质历史中曾经历过温度＞82℃、埋深＞2800 m的重要生烃.排烃作用.烃源岩中石油包裹体的研究结果不仅直观地展示了源岩的生烃-排烃现象,而且揭示了地质历史中流体的性质和生烃-排烃条件,为本区油气的勘探评价提供了重要依据.     

塔里木盆地寒武-奥陶系烃源岩萘、菲系列化合物单体碳同位素特征

为了揭示塔里木盆地海相烃源岩中芳烃分子同位素的地质-地球化学信息,利用逐步增加试剂极性的方法对芳烃馏分进行了进一步的分离,并利用气相色谱同位素质谱(GC-IR-MS)分析技术测定了萘系列和菲系列的单体碳同位素。分析结果显示,芳烃分子碳同位素分布为-47.5‰～-17.4‰,其中寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩的碳同位素为-38.2‰～-17.4‰,平均为-26.8‰;其中ML1-1、ML1-2两个样品的碳同位素为-36.8‰～-17.4‰,平均为-25.7‰;中-上奥陶统烃源岩为-47.5‰～-20.3‰,平均-30.6‰。结果表明,萘系列和菲系列化合物整体上表现为寒武系-下奥陶统烃源岩富集13C,而中-上奥陶统烃源岩更富集12C;在受到异常高温作用或过成熟度阶段,成熟度可能对芳烃的分子碳同位素产生较大影响,使其更富集13C。不同样品的二甲基萘系列化合物的碳同位素分布特征相似,暗示其可能具有相似的碳同位素分馏机制。而三甲基萘、二甲基菲系列化合物的碳同位素分布杂乱,暗示其成因来源可能较为复杂。塔里木盆地两套海相烃源岩中1,6-DMN、1, 2, 5-TMN、1-MP和1, 9-DMP的碳同位素存在...     

Geochemical characteristics of Lower Permian coal-measure source rocks in Northeast Ordos Basin

General characteristics and biomarker distributions of Lower Permian coal-measure source rocks in northeastern Ordos Bsain have been analyzed in this paper. The results show that the source rocks are type III kerogen, thermally mature, with high content of total organic carbon. The extracts of the source rock samples with different lithologies from Well Su 27 feature high Pr/Ph ratios, high C19TT and C24Te, high rearranged hopanes, a predominance of C29 sterane in regular steranes, and the absence of C30 4-methylsteranes. These data suggest that the source rocks were deposited in suboxic to oxic conditions with dominantly terrigenous higher plant input. In contrast, the source rocks from wells Shuang 1 and Yu 20, are characterized by low Pr/Ph ratios, low C19TT and C24Te, high C23TT, similar content of C27 sterane and C29 sterane, and the presence of C30 4-methylsteranes, showing that the source rocks were deposited in reducing environment with algae and/or microorganisms and terrigenous higher plant input.     

Relationship between petroleum reservoir rocks and source rocks

A substantial fraction of sandstones containing commercial quantities of oil are proposed to be in contact with source rocks which produce oil. For these situations the quantity of oil collected in a sandstone is proportional to the area of contact with a source rock of relatively low permeability, rather than to the total thickness of the potential source rock. It is inferred that source rocks along the upper or lower faces of a sandstone should produce more oil into the sandstone than source rocks lateral to the sandstone. Semiquantitative estimates of the thickness or width of required source rock are obtained. The arguments and results are based on published statistical studies and the assumption that a degree of geometrical similarity exists among sandstones.     

REE characteristics and Nd isotopic compositions of Lunar pristine rocks：Implications for petrogenesis of pristine rocks and source regions

This paper compile the rare-earth elements and Nd isotope data for lunar pristine rocks from investiga-tions in recent years. Using these data, we compared the REE characteristics of lunar pristine rocks and Nd isotopic compositions of their source regions. Based on the Lunar Magma Ocean model, we then studied their formation and petrogenetic correlations of Mg suite, alkali suite, and KREEP, with especial emphasis on the importance of assimi-lation during early magmatism. And Nd isotopic compositions of mare basalt samples suggest that mantle sources of mare basalts should be heterogeneous, which has not yet been explained by several current models.     

准噶尔盆地北部石炭系富火山物质 烃源岩地球化学特征

准噶尔盆地北部乌伦古地区石炭系发育一套巨厚的混杂有火山物质、岩性复杂的暗色岩系.笔者以乌参1井为例,通过系统的薄片鉴定,依据火山物质、碎屑物质的含量把石炭系暗色岩系划分为4类岩性组合,自下而上凝灰质含量逐渐增加.综合应用薄片观察、地球化学测试等资料分析了富火山物质烃源岩的形成环境,认为石炭纪乌伦古地区为多岛弧的构造环境...