物探在新疆土层地区铜矿找矿中的应用—兼谈斑岩铜矿“三位一体”的找矿模式

土屋铜矿带是我国新发现的重要斑岩成矿带，在土屋东矿点评价中开展物探剖面测量发现土屋激电异常，异常查证导致土屋铜矿的发现，沿成放带开展大面积1：2万激电，磁法测量，发现了一系列激电异常，通过地质调查，钻探查证相继发现了延东铅矿和灵龙铜矿，在研究斑岩铜矿地质条件和东天山地区干旱景观条件的基础上，建立了斑岩铜矿“三位一体”（斑岩，孔雀石化，激电异常）的找矿模式。     

西藏青草山斑岩铜矿化探异常特征及找矿潜力

青草山斑岩铜矿位于班公湖―怒江斑岩成矿带西段,是西藏地勘局地质二队在开展1∶200 000区域化探工作时新发现的矿床。经过查证发现了厚大铜矿体,认为青草山化探异常为矿致异常,矿区具有较好的成矿条件,找矿潜力巨大。     

基于蚀变信息提取的西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带中段斑岩铜矿找矿预测

本文选取西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段多不杂斑岩铜矿为已知矿床,通过对采样样品实测波谱特征的分析,基于ASTER遥感数据,采用目前主要的蚀变信息提取算法——彩色增强、比值算法及光谱角制图算法,在班公湖-怒江成矿带中段开展蚀变信息提取及找矿靶区圈定研究,预测了一处成矿前景区域。通过对此预测区域的野外查证,发现大量的孔雀石露头,室内电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)分析得出铜品位在0.18%～1.95%之间,平均为0.51%。对该区域进行了激电测量工作,测量结果和遥感结果相互印证,表明此区域为一处斑岩铜矿成矿前景区。     

安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿物探找矿方法的试验和检验

在安徽沙溪斑岩铜矿床凤台山矿段6线开展剖面磁法、激电、CSAMT和SIP等综合物探测量,总结了隐伏铜矿体引起的磁、电变化特征,建立了斑岩铜矿地球物理找矿模型,并将地球物理找矿模型在沙溪外围査巴岗地区开展找矿实践和检验。通过实践和检验,根据地球物理找矿模型中激电、CSAMT特征推测的隐伏闪长岩体已经得到验证,根据激电、SIP特征推测的非矿致异常也得到证明。     

新疆斑岩铜矿成矿特征与综合找矿方法

斑岩铜矿是世界铜矿的主要类型之一.以新疆东天山土屋铜矿、阿尔泰山哈腊苏铜矿、西准噶尔包古图铜矿、西天山松树沟铜矿4个典型斑岩铜矿为对象,研究其矿床发现过程、成矿地质特征、地球物理特征、地球化学特征,探讨不同方法在矿床发现和评价阶段的作用,指出了斑岩铜矿典型地球化学元素组合和激发极化法在找矿评价中的作用.在此基础上提出了斑岩铜矿不同阶段找矿和评价方法组合.     

新疆斑岩铜矿的成矿条件和远景

对哈密土屋地区斑岩铜矿和觉罗塔格斑岩铜矿成矿带的成矿地质条件进行了研究,其形成于造山带汇聚阶段中一后期的活动陆缘环境。与环太平洋斑岩铜矿对比,有利成矿的构造类型为“安第斯型”,即扇形形态构造;与新疆周边国家和地区斑岩铜矿成矿带对比,新疆具有类似的成矿地质条件,找矿远景很大,特别是西天山、西昆仑、木孜塔格、祁漫 塔格、东准噶尔南部等地区,具有斑岩铜矿成矿的广阔前景,有希望找到新的大型－超大型铜矿床。     

综合物探在西藏尼木地区斑岩铜矿找矿中的应用

西藏尼木地区斑岩铜矿是近年发现的大型斑岩型铜矿.在矿产勘查过程中采用综合物探方法进行圈定勘查目标、缩小找矿靶区、确定异常源、推测矿化空间等项工作,取得了较好的勘查效果,说明在西藏尼木县斑岩铜矿区综合运用地面高精度磁测、激电中梯、激电测深等物探勘查方法,能减少物探的多解性,较好地解决具体的地质问题.     

综合物探在西藏尼木斑岩铜矿找矿中的应用

西藏尼木斑岩铜矿是近年发现的大型斑岩型铜矿。在矿产勘查过程中采用综合物探方法圈定勘查目标、缩小找矿靶区、确定异常源、推测异常空间形态等工作,取得了较好的勘查效果。说明在西藏尼木斑岩铜矿综合运用地面高精度磁测、激电中梯、激电测深等物探勘查方法,能减少物探的多解性,较好地解决具体的地质问题。     

西藏冲江铜矿区及其外围找矿前景地球化学评价

西藏冲江斑岩铜矿的发现是西藏冈底斯东段找矿工作的重大突破之一.在发现找矿线索、确定成矿类型和评价找矿前景的过程中,勘查地球化学起了十分重要的作用.区域化探圈定了异常范围,异常查证追踪查证工作确定了矿化类型和找矿有利地段.通过测区系统的地球化学勘查工作,结合地质资料,认为冲江斑岩铜矿存在较为典型的斑岩铜矿地球化学模式,矿体剥蚀程度较浅,具有寻找大型斑岩铜钼矿床的良好远景.     

土屋-延东斑岩型铜矿床找矿规律性研究——暨“三高二对应一相关”找矿模式研究

采用激发极化法、磁法、重力法对土屋东、延东铜矿化点进行了评价,发现了土屋东、土屋、延东等出露地表的斑岩型铜矿床。在完成了土屋东-延东矿区的物探面积性工作基础上,初步提出＂三位一体＂模式,经全面系统地研究了土屋东、土屋、延东矿床找矿规律性后,建立了＂三高二对应一相关＂的找矿模式,即高极化体直接反映斑岩型铜矿体两翼的硫化物带,间接反映出硫化物带包裹着铜矿体。高磁体直接反映闪长（玢）岩,间接反映成矿母岩——斜长花岗斑岩体。剩余重力高主要反映闪长（玢）岩也包括了斑岩体。斑岩体对应分布高、低阻之间的接触带,也对应分布高、低磁性体之间的接触带,斑岩型铜矿床的出现与火山岩地层密切相关。以此为基础,对延西矿区掩埋矿体运用了＂三高二对应一相关＂找矿模式,发现隐伏斑岩型铜矿床。应用＂三高二对应一相关＂找矿模式对土西靶区、延西靶区进行了分析和预测,认为两矿区仍具有进行进一步工作的前景,目前正进行验证工作。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.