西昆仑团结峰地区基性-超基性岩的发现及大地构造意义

团结峰地区新发现的基性-超基性岩与E-MORB、硅质岩共同组成蛇绿岩残片,基性-超基性岩为碱性系列岩石。稀土元素球粒陨石分布模式由超基性岩平坦型逐渐过渡到基性岩轻稀土富集的右倾型,无明显Eu异常,δEu为0.97~1.14,(La/Yb)_N为1.18~11.23,轻重稀土分异明显。微量元素K,Rb,Ba,Th,Ta,Nb富集,MORB标准化微量元素蛛网图与大陆板内碱性玄武岩分布形态相似,可能形成于初始洋壳陆内裂谷环境。基性-超基性岩可能起源于具E-MORB性质的软流圈地幔,岩浆上升过程中经轻微地壳混染。基性岩形成年龄为228~251 Ma,陆内裂解时间为晚二叠世晚期至中三叠世晚期。团结峰地区蛇绿岩形成时代、物质组分及分布位置可与西兰乌金蛇绿混杂岩带对比,乔尔天山-岔路口断裂可能是西兰乌金蛇绿混杂岩带的西延部分,该推断对研究昆仑山构造演化具重要意义。     

广西香山岩体地球化学特征

在湘南-桂北存在一条基性-超基性岩带,笔者对该岩带南部的香山岩体的基性岩和超基性岩进行了地球化学研究.基性-超基性岩地球化学特征表明, 该岩体属于板内碱性玄武岩类,形成于板内环境,是在伸展作用下少量岩浆底侵作用的产物.     

新疆东部基性超基性岩的地质地球化学特征

新疆东部基性超曲性岩常成群成带分布，明显受区域性深大断裂控制，可分为蛇绿岩套型和岩浆侵入型两种，前者包括阿尔曼太岩带和克拉美丽岩带，是蛇绿岩套的主要组成部分，前者包括阿尔曼太岩带和克拉美丽岩带，是蛇绿岩套的主要组成部分，包括喀拉通克岩带黄山岩带，为来源于上地幔的原始岩浆经分异，结晶而成，文中对这两类基性超基性岩的地质地球化学特征进行了系统研究。     

中国硫化镍矿床类型及成矿模式

中国硫化镍矿床主要产于地台边缘及其外侧活动带。含矿基性-超基性岩体的形成时代主要是元古代和华力西期。成矿岩体类型有:与优地槽火山作用有关的超基性-基性杂岩体:与深断裂有关的超基性岩体、超基性-基性杂岩体、基性岩体。根据成矿作用和成矿方式,硫化镍矿床可分为:岩浆原地熔离矿床(Ⅰ);岩浆深部熔离-贯入矿床:单式贯入矿床(Ⅱ)、复式贯入矿床(Ⅲ)、脉冲式贯入矿床(Ⅳ);晚期贯入矿床:岩内贯入矿床(Ⅴ)、岩外贯入矿床(Ⅵ)。本文还提出了硫化镍矿床的成矿模式。     

论新疆兴地基性超基性杂岩分带性

笔者将兴地基性超基性杂岩划分为南北两个岩带．南岩带（称为兴地河基性超基性岩带）形成于中元古代,系幔深橄榄拉斑玄武质岩浆活动的产物,具铜镍硫化物成矿专属性,北岩带（称为且干布拉克-团结村偏碱性超基性岩带）形成于晚元古代,系幔源碱性橄榄玄武岩浆、碳酸岩浆及类金伯利岩浆活动的产物,具蛭石、磷灰石、透辉石成矿专属性。     

金平地区超基性岩铜镍矿床成矿作用类型及找矿方向

大理—元江—金平镁铁质、超镁铁质岩带南东段的金平地区基性—超基性岩带可进一步划分为三个亚带。白马寨―新安里超基性岩亚带、牛栏冲—蒋家坪基性-超基性亚带内基性-超基性岩岩浆分异程度高、铜镍矿化强烈, 成岩、成矿具多阶段、多期次活动特点。区内铜镍矿床典型的成矿作用方式有熔离—侵位——贯入式、侵位—熔离式铜镍矿等类型。白马寨—新安里、牛栏冲—蒋家坪等地段, 是金平地区超镁铁质岩浆侵入活动和铜镍矿成矿作用的中心区, 也是进一步地质找矿的重要目标区。     

古昌蛇绿岩中的斜长花岗岩特征

古昌蛇绿岩中首次发现斜长花岗岩。斜长花岗岩的地质特征和岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学特征反映出异常洋脊花岗岩的属性,岩浆源自地幔,与古昌蛇绿岩中的变质橄榄岩、基性岩墙、基性熔岩的岩浆同源,是基性—超基性岩浆分异的残余,应属古昌蛇绿岩中的浅色岩组分,是蛇绿岩的端元岩石。     

新疆西准噶尔地区古生代蛇绿岩成因模式

西准噶尔地区古生代蛇绿岩形成于中奥陶。中晚志留及中泥盆世。从南到北依次为唐巴勒蛇绿岩带、玛依勒山蛇绿岩带和达拉布特蛇绿岩带。在层序上这些蛇绿岩有着相似特征,从下向上由变质超基性岩、基性杂岩、中基性熔岩及上部复理石沉积组成。作者通过对各成岩期蛇绿岩岩石化学成分、稀土元素地球化学(分配型式、丰度演化等)特征的研究,结合区域地质特征,讨论了蛇绿岩的成因。     

从玉门榆树沟北山基性超基性岩地质—地球物理特征探讨岩体含矿性

本文在甘肃省玉门市榆树沟北山基性、超基性岩地质、物探勘查的基础上,对勘查成果存在认识分歧进行探讨,并得到钻孔验证。主要包括榆树沟山及其附近地质构造环境,是大陆裂谷,还是蛇绿岩所在的洋壳海盆;基性、超基性岩成矿的专属性和系列性,是含铜镍矿及铂族(PGE)矿有关铁质超基性岩,还是含铬铁矿(化)超镁铁质蛇绿岩。高精度磁测和激电组合异常形成机制以及在岩体含矿性评价中的作用,激电异常高激化、中高阻是反映星点状、稀疏浸染状硫化物,还是基性、超基性岩中普遍存在的磁铁矿;CSAMT低阻带是超基性岩体底部岩浆熔离型铜、镍块状硫化矿反映,还是虚假异常"过渡区低谷"。     

四川道孚蛇绿岩地球化学特征及形成环境

道孚蛇绿岩位于甘孜-理塘蛇绿岩带北东侧的炉霍-道孚构造带内,呈北北西-北西向断续分布,并严格受控于炉霍-道孚构造混杂岩带。通过不同岩石类型的蛇绿岩残片可以重塑蛇绿岩组合层序,恢复后的蛇绿岩层序由下至上为蚀变超基性岩、蛇纹石化辉石岩、蚀变辉长岩、基性熔岩及放射虫硅质岩。空间分布特征和岩石地球化学特征表明,蛇绿岩形成于有限扩张背景下的初始洋盆环境。     

19世纪以来全球蛇绿岩研究综述

蛇绿岩普遍被发现在碰撞型和增生型两种造山带缝合线上,因此经常被用来确定板块边界。自从欧洲地质学家在19世纪早期提出蛇绿岩的概念以来,蛇绿岩的研究经历了几个发展阶段。早期研究认为蛇绿岩是侵入地槽的一套侵入岩;板块构造理论兴起后,蛇绿岩被认为是产生于大洋中脊的洋壳;在1972年的Penrose会议上,科学家们将蛇绿岩定义为一套从基性岩到超基性岩的,可以区分的复式岩体。此后,蛇绿岩的起源(构造背景),侵位机制,特征等研究都取得了很多进展。进入21世纪,出现了一些较好的蛇绿岩形成模式和划分方法。     

HT/LP metamorphic zoning in the eastern Voronezh Crystalline Massif: Age and parameters of metamorphism and its geodynamic environment

The Vorontsovskii terrane of the Eastern Sarmatian orogen underwent HT/LP metamorphism at temperatures of 430–750°C and pressures of 3–5 kbar. The TIMS monazite age of this metamorphism is 2067 ± 9 Ma and corresponds to the most probable age range (2050–2080 Ma) when large volumes of mafic and granitoid intrusions were emplaced. The time spans of the magmatic activity and metamorphic event are closely similar, which suggests that the melts could have served as sources of metamorphic heat. However, geological data on the relations between the metamorphic zones and magmatic bodies (the largest of the mafic, diorite, and granitoid intrusions are hosted in zones of low-temperature metamorphism) and the occurrence of relict metamorphic mineral assemblages and crystallization foliation in metapelite xenoliths in these intrusions suggest that the intrusions were emplaced after the metamorphism. The most probable reason for the HT/LP metamorphism was an increase in the heat flux in the course of viscous deformations and folding in the warm lithosphere of the young Paleoproterozoic Vorontsovskii terrane during collision processes.     

Field and petrological evidence for the development of an ensialic marginal basin related to the Hercynian orogeny in the Massif Central,France

Six lithologic units in tectonic contact with each other have been defined during mapping of the Devonian in the Beaujolais area of the northeastern Massif Central. Five main igneous suites have been recognized:

1. A transitional basaltic suite restricted to a single unit.
2. An acid volcanic-plutonic suite the members of which are related by fractional crystallization and magma mixing.
3. Low-TiO₂ volcanic rocks with calc-alkaline affinities.
4. A TiO₂-rich tholeiitic suite related to an ophiolitic complex.
5. A plutonic suite with close resemblances to Alaskantype intrusions.

The transitional metabasalts (1) form the oldest igneous suite and could represent either an intraplate magmatic forerunner of rifting or tectonic slices of weakly metamorphosed rocks representing a pre-Acadian event. The next three suites may be related to a short-lived ensialic marginal basin that developed between the Acadian and Bretonian orogenies. The basin is asymmetric, with the ophiolite of the central part flanked by an acid ridge on one side and a passive continental margin on the other. Quartz-keratophyres (2) and calc-alkalic basic volcanic rocks (3) were intercalated in varying proportions to form a bimodal volcanic pile before the rifting event that led to the formation of the ophiolites (4). The acid ridge (2) may be due to the reactivation of a continental basement. Cumulate rocks with Alaskan-type affinities occur as olistoliths, emplaced before the formation of the rift basin, supporting a comparison of the Hercynian belt with accreted magmatic arc terranes.     

绿岩套和蛇绿岩套的区分标志

综合绿岩、蛇绿岩的有关概念、地质环境、岩石学、地球化学特征,论述蛇绿岩和绿岩之间的异同。 目前由于太古宙和显生宙地质构造研究的进展,使人们对绿岩套和蛇绿岩套的特征及其相互之间的异同性、联系性和形成环境越来越感兴趣。同时,在不同地区的地质构造研究中,对上述两种岩套在概念上和成因上存在混淆。本文将讨论这一问题。     

滇西北金沙江带蛇绿混杂岩的形成时代及大地构造意义

本文报导了滇西北德钦县拱卡、拖顶等地晚古生代放射虫、、非有孔虫类化石新资料。提出当前用古生物法确定蛇绿岩套形成时代及蛇绿混杂岩定位时代应注意的问题。并根据化石资料，将金沙江蛇绿岩套的形成时代厘定为二叠纪，蛇绿混杂岩的就位时代厘定为早、中三叠世，据此将金沙江古特提斯构造演化分为裂谷阶段、洋盆阶段和闭合阶段。其中，金沙江洋盆阶段较短暂，蛇绿岩不具有隔离冈瓦纳及华夏两大古生物地理区系的作用，金沙江缝合带不能构成古特提斯域的主缝合带．     

New constraints upon the structural and isotopic age of the Oughterard Granite,and on the timing of events in the Dalradian Rocks of Connemara,Western Ireland

A Lower Ordovician age for the Oughterard Granite is established by Rb–Sr dating of magmatic white micas from pegmatites cutting two of the satellite bodies found 12–15 km west of the main granitic intrusions. These micas give a minimum age of c. 473 Ma for the emplacement of the satellite bodies, and for the completion of the D3 deformation in the Dalradian host rocks. The main granite intrusions are post-D4 in age, but some of the small outlying sheet-like intrusions are either deformed by D4 folds, or were present during this deformation and were responsible for the development of locally disharmonic D4 minor folds. The correlation of the smaller granite bodies with the main bodies of Oughterard Granite is supported by their similar field appearance, petrography and trace element geochemistry. In common with other late orogenic granites, such as the 470 Ma Aberdeen Granite in NE Scotland, the Oughterard Granite is thought to have been part of a discontinuous magmatic arc, which formed along the southern margin of the Dalradian outcrop in Connemara and in NE Scotland in the early Ordovician. Members of the Oughterard Granite suite were emplaced during the final stages of the Grampian orogeny, from post-D3 to post-D4, while the country rocks were still at an elevated temperature (>500°C) following the peak of the regional metamorphism. The new minimum age of intrusion of c. 473 Ma, together with existing radiometric data, confirms that emplacement of the metagabbro and gneiss complex in southern Connemara, followed by the D3 structural and metamorphic events, all took place during a period of less than 20 Ma. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基性-超基性侵入岩中-大比例尺专题地质填图实践——以塔里木板块东北部坡北岩体为例

目前,1∶5万地质填图规范中缺少对基性-超基性侵入岩填图方法的系统总结。以塔里木东北部坡北基性-超基性岩体为例,开展专题地质填图实践,在岩体地质、地球物理、遥感和地球化学综合调查的基础上,建立了科学问题、地质填图、矿床预测相结合的填图方法。将坡北基性-超基性岩体作为一个岩浆序列,根据岩浆性质与含矿性特征划分为2个岩浆亚序列,5个岩浆单元,分别对应不同的岩性组合。与岩浆亚序列相对应存在2类岩浆矿床,其中赋存铜镍矿化的岩相主要为橄榄岩相,含磁铁矿、钛铁矿的岩相主要与辉长岩、辉长苏长岩、辉石岩相有关。从野外踏勘、实测剖面等多个角度探讨了基性-超基性侵入岩1∶5万专题地质填图的方法,为此类工作提供了有益探索。     

Experimental study of interaction between fluid-bearing basaltic melts and peridotite: A mantle-crustal source of trap magmas in the Norilsk area

The paper reports data on the geology and tectono-magmatic reactivation of the Norilsk area and on the stratigraphy and geochemistry of its volcanic sequence, with the discussion of the sources and genesis of the ore magmas and the scale of the ore-forming process. According to the geochemistry of the lavas and intrusive rocks (Ti concentration and the La/Sm and Gd/Yb ratios), two types of the parental magmas are recognized: high-Ti magmas of the OIB type (from bottom to top, suites iv, sv, and gd of phase 1) and low-Ti magmas (suites hk, tk, and nd of phase 2 and suites mr-mk of phase 3), which were derived from the lithospheric mantle. The magmatic differentiation of the parental low-Ti magma of the tk type into a magma of the nd type was associated with the derivation of an evolved magma of the nd type, which was depleted in ore elements, and an ore magma, which was a mixture of silicate and sulfide melts, protocrysts of silicate minerals, and chromite. Judging from their geochemical parameters, the intrusions of the lower Norilsk type were comagmatic with the lavas of the upper part of the nd suite, and the ore-bearing intrusions of the upper Norilsk type were comagmatic with the lavas of the mr-mk suites. When the ore-bearing intrusions were emplaced, their magmas entrained droplets of sulfide melt and protocrysts of olivine and chromite and brought them to the modern magmatic chamber. These protocrysts are xenogenic with respect to the magma that formed the intrusions. In certain instances (Talnakh and Kharaelakh intrusions), the moving magma entrained single portions of sulfide magma, which were emplaced as individual subphases. The experimental study of the peridotite-basalt-fluid system shows that mantle reservoirs with protoliths of subducted oceanic crustal material could serve as sources of relatively low-temperature (1250–1350°C) high-Ti magnesian magmas of the rifting stage from an olivine-free source.     

The hydrothermal system of Central Jebilet (Variscan Belt,Morocco): A genetic association between bimodal plutonism and massive sulphide deposits?

Central Jebilet (Moroccan Variscan Belt) hosts several Cu and Pb–Zn massive sulphide deposits that are associated with a suite of gabbroic and microgranitic, tholeiitic to alkaline, intrusions emplaced 330 Ma ago. The intrusions and ore bodies form structural lineaments within marine Visean shales that are affected by very low to low-grade post-Visean metamorphism and contemporaneous shortening accompanied by the development of conjugate ductile to brittle shear zones. The ductile shear zones are localised in thermally softened aureoles around magmatic intrusions, while brittle deformation is common far from the intrusions. The intrusions have induced a contact metamorphism that reaches the hornblende hornfels facies, and their emplacement was accompanied by hydrothermal activity that leached base metals from the felsic intrusions.The massive sulphide deposits consist of steeply dipping elongate lenses that are located in shear zones 1–1.5 km away from the intrusions. They are dominated by pyrrhotite (up to 90%), sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite and arsenopyrite forming a mylonitic texture. Their wall rocks are altered to syntectonic mineral assemblages similar to those found in the alteration zones associated with the magmatic intrusions. The massive sulphide deposits located near the felsic intrusions are rich in lead and zinc compared to those located near the mafic intrusions, which are copper deposits. These relationships indicate that the whole Central Jebilet hydrothermal system could be described in terms of a lateral secretion of base metals from source zones (i.e. bimodal intrusions) to discharge zones (i.e. the Jebilet sulphide deposits). The metapelites in the contact metamorphic zone around felsic intrusions contain zincian ilmenite that was probably related to interaction of the host rocks with chlorine-rich fluid carrying zinc and other metals leached from the microgranites.