墨西哥西马德雷山脉中—新生代构造、岩浆演化及成矿特征

墨西哥西马德雷山脉是白垩纪—新生代岩浆活动和构造运动形成的。中新生代岩浆活动可以分为5个主要阶段:侏罗纪—早白垩世、晚白垩世—古新世、始新世—渐新世、中新世早期和中新世中期—现代。这些岩浆活动和构造运动与法拉隆(Farallon)板块向北美大陆俯冲和加利福尼亚湾打开相关。墨西哥中新生代的成矿作用与东太平洋板块边缘连续的俯冲过程密切相关,矿床类型多样,包括VMS(与火山相关的块状硫化物)型、斑岩型、IOCG(铁氧化物铜金)型、矽卡岩型等。     

珠江口盆地构造演化旋回及其新生代沉积环境变迁

目前对珠江口盆地中生代以来的演化过程及其与沉积环境演变的响应关系尚缺乏系统性认识.基于珠江口盆地中-新生代岩浆活动、断陷结构样式及其改造、典型构造变形样式、沉积中心的转换等特征的对比分析,将盆地中-新生代的构造演化划分为4个阶段、7个期次:（1）中侏罗世-晚白垩世早期（~170~90 Ma）为古太平洋板块俯冲主控的陆缘岩浆弧-弧前盆地演化阶段;（2）晚白垩世-始新世中期（~90~43 Ma）为太平洋板块俯冲后撤背景下弧后周缘前陆/造山后塌陷-主动裂谷演化阶段;（3）始新世中期-中中新世（~43~10 Ma）为华南挤出-古南海俯冲拖曳主导的被动陆缘演化阶段;（4）晚中新世以来（~10~0 Ma）为菲律宾板块NWW向仰冲主导的挤压张扭演化阶段.~90 Ma、~43 Ma、~10 Ma分别实现了由安第斯型俯冲向西太平洋型俯冲、由主动裂谷向被动陆缘伸展、由被动陆缘伸展向挤压张扭的转换.在此过程中,伴随着古南海和南海的发育-消亡,新生代裂陷期沉积环境由东向西、由南向北逐渐海侵,裂后期由南向北阶段性差异沉降,由陆架浅水向陆坡深水转换,这使得珠一/三、珠二、珠四坳陷的石油地质条件具有显著的分带差异性.      

东南亚加里曼丹新生代金成矿作用及成矿动力学

对加里曼丹岛区域地质背景、金成矿作用与新生代岩浆弧关系研究认为,该区浅成低温热液金矿床与新生代岩浆弧内晚渐新世—中中新世钙碱性岩浆活动存在着密切的时空及成因联系。其动力学机制为,始新世—中新世期间印度—澳大利亚板块向欧亚板块俯冲引起的地幔物质向南东方向的流动导致早渐新世亚洲边缘发生裂解,裂解作用又导致南中国海板块向加里曼丹岛北缘俯冲。俯冲过程中加里曼丹岛北缘在晚渐新世—中中新世发生大规模的构造岩浆活动及浅成低温热液金成矿作用。成岩成矿作用是在总体挤压背景体制下的局部拉张环境下进行的。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带西段矿床类型、成矿作用和找矿方向

在前人已有成果基础上,通过大量的野外地质调查与室内综合研究,初步论述了冈底斯成矿带西段的金属矿床类型、时空分布特征和成矿作用,探讨了下一步找矿方向.研究结果表明,冈底斯成矿带西段金属矿床(点)类型主要有矽卡岩型、斑岩型和浅成低温热液型,矿床在空间分布上具有东西成带,相对集中的特征,成矿时代集中于中、新生代.依据矿床成因及成矿动力学背景,冈底斯成矿带西段有5期关键成矿作用,分别为晚三叠世-晚白垩世与新特提斯洋北向俯冲有关的铜金多金属成矿作用、中侏罗世-早白垩世与中特提斯洋南向俯冲有关的铁铜金多金属成矿作用、早白垩世末-晚白垩世末与羌塘-拉萨地块碰撞有关的铜金钼成矿作用、晚白垩世末-始新世与印度-亚洲大陆碰撞有关的铜铅锌银多金属成矿作用、渐新世末-中新世与印度-亚洲大陆后碰撞伸展有关的铜金钼多金属成矿作用.冈底斯成矿带西段优势矿种是铜、铁、铅锌、金银等,主攻矿床类型为矽卡岩型矿床、浅成低温热液型矿床和斑岩型矿床等.     

胶东中生代动力学演化及主要金属矿床成矿系列

胶东处于古特提斯和太平洋两大成矿域的结合部位,经历了强烈的中生代构造岩浆活动和重要金属矿床成矿作用。本文通过对中生代各期岩浆活动背景、典型矿床成因类型的分析判别,结合区域地质构造特征,总结提出胶东中生代成岩成矿动力学演化主要受扬子板块、华北板块碰撞造山作用和古太平洋板块俯冲作用影响,并可划分为晚三叠世陆陆碰撞造山期,中侏罗世被动陆缘向活动陆缘转换、地壳增生期,早白垩世早期地壳增生向垮塌转换期,早白垩世中期岩石圈大规模拆沉、壳幔强烈作用期,早白垩世晚期陆缘弧俯冲作用期,和晚白垩世早期弧后岩石圈强烈伸展期六个演化阶段,分别对应着区域~205Ma、160~155Ma、135~125Ma、125~115Ma、115~100Ma、100~90Ma等六期主要金及多金属成矿作用;形成的贵金属及有色金属矿床具有较为明显的时空分布规律,大致包括6个矿床成矿系列,分为9个亚系列和16个矿床式。自西向东,可划分出莱州西部、招远-平度、栖霞-蓬莱-福山、胶莱盆地东北缘、牟平-乳山、文登-威海、荣成等7个贵金属、有色金属成矿区(带)。区内造山型金矿仍是找矿的重点,斑岩型有色金属矿床可望取得突破,中低温热液脉型多金属矿床应受到充分重视。     

福建紫金山矿田早白垩世以来构造演化和成岩成矿时空格架

在充分吸收已有工作成果的基础上,文章系统总结了紫金山矿田的典型矿床类型及特征,探讨了早白垩世伸展构造背景下该矿田成岩成矿作用与北西向上杭—云霄成矿带的关系,并建立了早白垩世（145 Ma~）到晚白垩世早期（~92 Ma）紫金山矿田成岩成矿作用的时空格架。研究认为由于古太平洋板块俯冲作用体系的影响,早白垩世以来（145 Ma~）紫金山矿田总体上受北西向上杭—云霄深断裂多次活化作用的控制,依次经历了145~120 Ma伸展初期小规模的岩浆—成矿活动、125~110 Ma短暂的岩浆间歇期、110~92 Ma幔源物质大规模参与的岩浆活动及相应的斑岩型—浅成低温热液型（Cu-Au-Mo-Ag）多金属成矿作用。      

墨西哥中——新生代成矿系列和成矿带划分及其大地构造意义

墨西哥是矿产资源大国,其中产量最高的包括银、铜、铁、铅锌等。这些矿产的生成主要源于多种多样的矿床类型和各式各样的矿化类型,其中浅成低温热液型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型、IOCG(铁氧化物铜金)型是最突出的矿床类型。这些矿床的形成与北科迪勒拉山系的形成有关,体现了联合大陆长期积聚或解体的某些阶段,尤其是中新生代成矿带的空间展布特征与其形成的大地构造环境密切相关。划分的9个构造-岩浆-成矿带,分别形成3个俯冲成矿系列,即从沿海到内陆依次发育的IOCG型铁铜金成矿带→斑岩型铜钼金成矿带→浅成低温热液型银金多金属成矿带,分别代表太平洋古板块、法拉隆板块和科科斯板块向北美板块从俯冲、挤压到碰撞后伸展的板块构造岩浆成矿环境。这类俯冲边界型成矿系统的主体部分是西马德里造山带岩浆弧中的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿系统和盆岭省中的火山岩控制的浅成低温热液型银金矿成矿系统。     

西藏冈底斯东段南缘桑布加拉辉钼矿Re-Os定年及地质意义

雅鲁藏布江缝合带北侧的桑布加拉矽卡岩型铜矿床为冈底斯成矿带南亚带典型多金属矿床之一。该矿床的8件辉钼矿样品Re-Os等时线年龄为（93.3±4.1）Ma,平均模式年龄为（94.5±1.6）Ma,表明桑布加拉矿床形成于晚白垩世新特提斯洋向北俯冲消减阶段。洋壳俯冲消减阶段形成的桑布加拉铜矿床及其新生代不同时期多金属矿床的发现,说明冈底斯成矿带在俯冲消减阶段、主碰撞阶段、晚碰撞阶段和后碰撞阶段均存在大规模成矿作用,并构成完整的成矿演化系列。      

福建泉州晚中生代伸展构造变形特征与年代学制约

晚中生代福建沿海地区发育多期与古太平洋板块俯冲有关的岩浆活动和构造变形.福建泉州地区伸展构造变形主要表现为高角度正断层和低角度正断层或拆离断层, 古构造应力场反演指示其形成于NW-SE向伸展环境.锆石U-Pb年代学指示泉州地区发育4期岩浆活动, 分别为晚侏罗世(~155 Ma)、早白垩世中期(130~125 Ma)、早白垩世末期(~109 Ma)以及晚白垩世早期(~100 Ma之后).结合构造变形的切割关系和岩浆岩年代学, 长乐-南澳剪切带左旋韧性走滑形成于130~120 Ma, 而右旋脆性剪切形成于120~100 Ma之间.古太平洋板块向华南大陆之下的俯冲角度变化导致福建沿海地区发育晚中生代造山带.造山作用开始于早白垩世之初, 结束于早白垩世末期, 以大规模NW-SE向伸展构造发育为标志, 其从同造山挤压到后造山伸展的转换发生于~120 Ma.      

吉中- 延边地区燕山期岩浆作用与矿床成矿系列研究

运用矿床的成矿系列理论，以构造岩浆演化为基础，对吉中- 延边成矿带与燕山期岩浆作用有关的矿床成矿规律进行了分析总结。研究表明，受古太平洋板块俯冲方向、速度的制约，吉中—延边地区燕山期构造岩浆活动复杂，总体上可分为5次成岩成矿事件：① 晚三叠世初基性超基性岩侵入，形成红旗岭铜镍矿床等岩浆型矿床；② 晚三叠世—早侏罗世初，吉中地区高钾钙碱性岩浆活动，形成兰家金矿床等岩浆热液型矿床，延边地区中低钾钙碱性—高钾钙碱性岩浆活动，形成前山金矿床等火山- 潜火山岩型矿床；③ 早侏罗世末—中侏罗世初，富铝酸性岩浆活动，形成大黑山钼矿床等斑岩型钼矿床；④ 中侏罗世末—晚侏罗世初，研究区以抬升剥蚀为主，成岩成矿作用较弱；⑤ 晚侏罗世末—早白垩世，吉中地区高钾钙碱性岩浆活动，形成二道甸子金矿床等岩浆热液型矿床，延边地区中低钾钙碱性—高钾钙碱性岩浆活动，形成小西南岔金铜矿床等火山- 斑岩型矿床。在建立吉中—延边地区与燕山期岩浆作用有关的矿床成矿系列的基础上，进一步划分为6个矿床成矿亚系列，各亚系列在时间、空间上既有联系，又有区别，显示了成矿作用的复杂性。     

吉林晚三叠世-早白垩世花岗岩类型与盆地演化的关系及其成矿专属性

依据区域地质构造演化、岩石组合及同位素测年资料, 将吉林省晚三叠世-早白垩世花岗岩划分为裂解型、走滑型和会聚型3类成因构造类型。其中, 裂解型岩套与铜镍、磷、钒钛磁铁矿相关; 走滑型岩套与贵金属、多金属矿相关; 会聚型陆内板片(A型) 俯冲亚型花岗岩套与斑岩型钼矿、金矿及铜矿等相关。早侏罗世岩浆作用形成的矿床以钼矿为主, 晚侏罗世-早白垩世转向金、铜、铅锌矿为优势。成因构造类型岩浆岩套呈节律式地更新递进, 反映出太平洋板块与东北亚滨太平洋大陆边缘互动的复杂性, 及岩浆演化活动的规律和动态过程。     

南沙海区及其周缘中-新生代岩浆活动及构造意义

通过对南沙海区及其周缘地区中-新生代以来4个主要地质时期即燕山期、喜山早期、喜山晚期一幕和二幕各种类型岩浆岩的发育特征(包括时空分布、地球化学及构造环境)的综合分析,重构了研究区中-新生代岩浆活动的演化历程:燕山期(侏罗纪到白垩纪)在南沙西面和西南面陆区以中酸性岩浆活动为主,代表中生代东亚陆缘火山岩带的南段。同时在南沙与加里曼丹之间广泛发育的是基性-超基性岩,是在俯冲过程中折返到浅部的古南海洋壳碎片。喜山早期(古新世至始新世)岩浆活动微弱。喜山晚期一幕(晚渐新世至中中新世)在加里曼丹—卡加延一带岩浆活动相对重新活跃,西段主要有英安岩、花岗闪长岩、安山岩、闪长岩等,东段主要为玄武安山岩,但规模较小,似乎不足以构成与古南海俯冲伴生的火山岩带。喜山晚期二幕(晚中新世至第四纪)岩浆活动出现高峰,为大规模的中基性火山喷发,与燕山期及喜山早期截然不同,在中南半岛南部和加里曼丹岛中-北部尤为广泛,可能是该区出现上涌的地幔热团的指示。     

Timing of formation and geological setting of low-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits in the continental margin of NE China

The margin of NE China, a part of the West Pacific metallogenic belt, contains innumerable low-sulphidation mineral deposits. Gold deposits in this region can be classified into three distinct types based on geology and ore mineral paragenesis: (1) low-sulphidation epithermal silver–gold deposits, (2) low-sulphidation tellurium–gold deposits, and (3) low-sulphidation epithermal tellurium–gold deposits. Ores formed during the late Early Cretaceous and the early Late Cretaceous reflect three distinct metallogenic periods: the Fuxin Stage at 115.98 ± 0.89 Ma, the Quantou Stage at 107.2 ± 0.6 Ma or <103 Ma, and the Qingshankou or Yaojiajie Stage at < 97 Ma and 88.2 ± 1.4 Ma. The Fuxin Stage is dominated by trachyandesitic magmatism, with magmas emplaced at hypabyssal depths. In comparison, the Quantou Stage is characterized by high-K calc-alkaline, calc-alkaline, and sodic andesitic, dacitic, and rhyolitic magmatism of three different suites. The first of these is a high-K calc-alkaline andesitic magmatic suite that was accompanied by the emplacement of a calc-alkaline sodic dacite during the formation of the Ciweigou and Wufeng ore deposits. The second suite is dominated by calc-alkaline sodic rhyolite and high-K calc-alkaline sodic dacite magmatism associated with the formation of the Sipingshan ore deposit. The third suite is typified by high-K calc-alkaline andesitic magmatism associated with the emplacement of calc-alkaline hypabyssal granitoid complexes accompanying the formation of the Dong'an and Tuanjiegou ore deposits. The Qingshankou or Yaojia Stage is characterized by calc-alkaline sodic dacite magmatism associated with the formation of the Wuxing ore deposit. Metallogenesis during the Fuxin Stage characterized by trachytic magmatism is closely related to the formation of a deep-seated fault within a magmatic arc or the back-arc region of an immature continental margin and is associated with the Early Cretaceous subduction of the Pacific plate beneath Eurasia. Ore deposits that formed during the Fuxin Stage were generally related to magmato-hydrothermal fluids associated with mantle-derived magmas. In contrast, metallogenesis during the Quantou and Qingshankou or Yaojiajie stages was closely related to the formation of a mature high-K calc-alkaline magmatic arc within a continental margin setting again associated with the westward subduction of the Pacific plate. This metallogenic event was a product of magmato-hydrothermal systems derived from crust–mantle interaction and mixing of magmas derived from partial melting of different sections of the continental crust.     

中国东北晚中生代-新生代盆山体系构造演化及成因探讨

中国东北盆山体系主要形成和发展于晚侏罗世晚期-新近纪,经历了晚侏罗世晚期-早白垩世小盆山（盆岭）和晚白垩世-新近纪大盆山（盆山）两个阶段的构造发展过程.盆岭阶段起始于东北高原向盆岭体系转换的张家口期,全盛于义县-九佛堂期,萎缩于盆岭向盆山体系构造转换的沙海-阜新期,结束于张老公屯期（东山期）.盆山阶段经历了晚白垩世早期大规模拗陷、晚白垩世晚期拗陷萎缩、古近纪大规模裂谷和新近纪后裂谷拗陷.认为太平洋板块对盆山体系形成和发展有巨大的影响,但无论是板块、地幔柱和超级地幔柱均不太可能形成如此规模,又具北北东向的中-新生代岩浆岩带和盆山体系,更可能是超级地幔热带、地幔柱和东亚多向板块汇聚背景下,西太平洋板块俯冲共同作用的结果.     

智利北部—阿根廷西北部两类斑岩铜矿成矿方式

智利北部和阿根廷西北部的中新生代斑岩铜矿形成于古生代地体拼贴造山带背景。随着大西洋的张开,南美大陆向西漂移,中新生代期间,南美克拉通块体俯冲到古生代造山带之下形成加厚或双倍地壳。智利北部作为南美活动大陆边缘的组成部分,不断"吞食"向东俯冲的太平洋（纳斯卡）板块,斑岩铜矿成矿作用发生在俯冲板块断离后导致的大规模岩浆活动,并沿再活化岩石圈不连续（先存的古生代拼接带、区域断裂）反复就位,形成安第斯型斑岩铜矿。阿根廷西北部大规模铜（金、钼）成矿与加厚的造山带垮塌有关,大规模成矿受控于造山岩石圈去根、软流圈物质和热上涌引发的大规模岩浆活动。总体而言,智利北部、阿根廷西北部安第斯型和造山带垮塌型斑岩铜矿,乃至南美安第斯山铜（金）矿成矿带形成,与中新生代以来南美大陆向西漂移、大西洋张开事件关系密切。     

Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic Intrusions Distribution in the North Sanjiang Orogenic Belt, Southwest China: Evidence from Zircon U–Pb Dating and Geochemistry

A mosaic of terranes or blocks and associated Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic sutures are characteristics of the north Sanjiang orogenic belt (NSOB). A detailed field study and sampling across the three magmatic belts in north Sanjiang orogenic belt, which are the Jomda–Weixi magmatic belt, the Yidun magmatic belt and the Northeast Lhasa magmatic belt, yield abundant data that demonstrate multiphase magmatism took place during the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic. 9 new zircon LA–ICP–MS U–Pb ages and 160 published geochronological data have identified five continuous episodes of magma activities in the NSOB from the Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic: the Late Permian to Early Triassic (c. 261–230 Ma); the Middle to Late Triassic (c. 229–210 Ma); the Early to Middle Jurassic (c. 206–165 Ma); the Early Cretaceous (c. 138–110 Ma) and the Late Cretaceous (c. 103–75 Ma). 105 new and 830 published geochemical data reveal that the intrusive rocks in different episodes have distinct geochemical compositions. The Late Permian to Early Triassic intrusive rocks are all distributed in the Jomda–Weixi magmatic belt, showing arc–like characteristics; the Middle to Late Triassic intrusive rocks widely distributed in both Jomda–Weixi and Yidun magmatic belts, also demonstrating volcanic–arc granite features; the Early to Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks are mostly exposed in the easternmost Yidun magmatic belt and scattered in the westernmost Yangtza Block along the Garzê–Litang suture, showing the properties of syn–collisional granite; nearly all the Early Cretaceous intrusive rocks distributed in the NE Lhasa magmatic belt along Bangong suture, exhibiting both arc–like and syn–collision–like characteristics; and the Late Cretaceous intrusive rocks mainly exposed in the westernmost Yidun magmatic belt, with A–type granite features. These suggest that the co–collision related magmatism in Indosinian period developed in the central and eastern parts of NSOB while the Yanshan period co–collision related magmatism mainly occurred in the west area. In detail, the earliest magmatism developed in late Permian to Triassic and formed the Jomda–Wei magmatic belt, then magmatic activity migrated eastwards and westwards, forming the Yidun magmatic bellt, the magmatism weakend at the end of late Triassic, until the explosure of the magmatic activity occurred in early Cretaceous in the west NSOB, forming the NE Lhasa magmatic belt. Then the magmatism migrated eastwards and made an impact on the within–plate magmatism in Yidun magmatic belt in late Cretaceous.     

Cenozoic magmatism in Kalimantan and its related geodynamic evolution

The NE–SW Tertiary magmatic belt of central Kalimantan is related to two separate periods of subduction; during the Eocene–Oligocene and Late Oligocene–Miocene. The younger magmatic belt is superimposed upon the earlier belt. This magmatic belt is characterized chiefly by Late Oligocene–Miocene volcanic products, among which limited exposures of the Eocene volcanics have also been mapped by previous investigators. This calc-alkaline magmatic belt has become known as the ‘gold belt’ of Central West Kalimantan on account of a number of discoveries of Neogene epithermal gold mineralization. This mineralization is found in central to proximal volcanic settings and occurred at relatively shallow depths. The earliest known subduction-related magmatism took place in the Eocene–Early Oligocene with the emplacement of calc-alkaline silicic pyroclastics, followed by a period of continental collision. Subsequent subduction-related magmatism continued from Late Oligocene–Pleistocene, during which time the magma evolved from calc-alkaline to potassic calc-alkaline. Plio-Pleistocene magmatism resulted in the formation of basalt flows. The present available K–Ar ages of the Cenozoic volcanics range from 51 to 1 Ma.     

南秦岭山阳-柞水矿集区构造-岩浆-成矿作用

山阳-柞水矿集区是南秦岭成矿带主要矿集区之一。从新元古代到晚侏罗世-早白垩世,山阳-柞水地区经历了洋壳俯冲和陆陆碰撞的构造演化,在演化的不同阶段形成了不同矿化类型、矿化组合的Cu、PbZn、Ag、Fe、Mo、Au矿床。新元古代时期,由于洋壳的俯冲作用,山阳-柞水地区形成了与基性岩有关的钛磁铁矿;泥盆纪-二叠纪时期,古秦岭洋消减形成山阳-柞水弧前盆地的同时,也形成一系列沉积型Fe、Ag、PbZn矿床;三叠纪时期,华北、扬子板块全面碰撞并形成了与碰撞作用密切相关的晚三叠世斑岩型Mo矿和造山型Au矿;晚侏罗世-早白垩世时期,则形成了碰撞后伸展环境下的矽卡岩-斑岩型CuMo-Au矿床。山阳-柞水矿集区内的各种时代和类型的矿床是秦岭造山带不同阶段的构造-岩浆活动的产物,对真实、客观的理解秦岭地区的构造演化具有重要意义。