川西南地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩热演化史及页岩气成藏意义

页岩热演化史与页岩气的成烃、成藏过程关系极为密切.一方面,页岩热演化过程决定了页岩生烃过程、页岩气类型和生气量;另一方面,页岩有机孔隙的形成与页岩热演化过程密切相关.在前期热史恢复基础上,以锆石（U-Th）/He和沥青反射率R_b等古温标进行标定,模拟了川西南地区代表性钻孔下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩热演化史,探讨了页岩热演化过程与页岩气成烃、成藏的关系.研究结果表明,川西南地区下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩热演化过程和生烃史差异性明显,可以识别出两种模式:加里东期坳陷区,筇竹寺组页岩在加里东期成熟,中?晚二叠世期间快速演化定型,两个生烃高峰期分别出现在志留纪（生油高峰?湿气阶段）、中?晚二叠世（干气阶段）,此后再无明显的生烃活动;加里东期古隆起区,筇竹寺组页岩在加里东期未熟?低熟,晚海西期?燕山期持续增熟,亦存在两期生烃高峰,分别是中?晚二叠世（生油高峰阶段）、晚侏罗世?早白垩世（湿气?干气阶段）,筇竹寺组页岩生烃过程持续到晚白垩世末期.分析表明中?晚二叠世期间筇竹寺组页岩的埋深差异造成了其受峨眉山地幔柱热效应的影响不同,进而决定了加里东期坳陷区与隆起区筇竹寺组页岩热演化过程和生烃史差异,并最终导致了威远?犍为地区筇竹寺组页岩含气性优于盆地外围.综合川西南地区筇竹寺页岩生烃史和孔隙度演化模型,将川西南成藏条件相对优越的威远?犍为地区筇竹寺组页岩气成藏过程分为4个阶段:早古生代时期源?储?盖形成和生物气成藏阶段、中?晚二叠世期间初始成藏阶段、晚侏罗世?早白垩世主成藏阶段和晚白垩世以后调整改造阶段.该成果以页岩热演化过程为切入点解释了川西南威远?犍为地区与盆地外围下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩气成藏差异的原因.      

羌塘盆地中部侏罗系埋藏史和生烃史

综合野外观测、地震反射、钻探标定及镜质体反射率、古地温等相关资料,分析羌塘盆地中部不同地区侏罗系海相沉积地层的埋藏史、热史和生烃史。结果显示,羌塘盆地万安湖地区、半岛湖背斜、阿木错地区、比洛错古油藏早侏罗世海相泥页岩在沉积之后,中、晚侏罗世埋深快速增加,镜质体反射率Ro随之增大,晚侏罗世早中期下侏罗统泥页岩镜质体反射率 R o增至05%,主力烃源岩进入生烃门限开始生烃;早白垩世早期145~143Ma侏罗系海相地层埋深、古地温和 R o达到极大值,比洛错油页岩开始早期生油,阿木错主力烃源岩进入第一期生烃高峰。早白垩世构造隆升及风化剥蚀导致侏罗系海相地层向上折返,埋深减小,晚白垩世和古近纪早期前陆凹陷和红层沉积导致侏罗系海相地层埋深增加。比洛错古油藏Toarcian期油页岩晚白垩世末期古地温和 R o达到最大值,~66Ma形成生烃高峰;阿木错地区Toarcian期含油泥页岩始新世中期~43Ma埋深达到最大值,形成第二期生烃高峰。     

过成熟页岩在半封闭热模拟实验中孔隙结构的演化特征

为研究过熟页岩孔隙结构的演化规律及控制因素,选用上扬子寒武系牛蹄塘组和志留系龙马溪组2套过熟页岩开展热模拟实验,结合X-衍射、氮气和二氧化碳吸附以及扫描电镜研究其孔隙结构的演化特征.龙马溪组样品孔体积在500℃时得到最大提高,为原样的1.35倍; 牛蹄塘组样品孔体积在450℃时上升为最高,较原样提高到1.13倍.利用吸附数据计算出牛蹄塘组样品微孔体积是龙马溪组样品的1.72倍,龙马溪组中孔体积是牛蹄塘组样品的1.44倍.结果表明:（1）牛蹄塘组页岩有机质生烃潜力弱且原始微孔体积高,生烃量少又不易排出,孔隙结构改善较差; （2）龙马溪组页岩石英含量较高抗压能力较强,利于中-大孔隙的发育与保存,也有利于烃类生成后排出,孔体积得到较大提高.      

鄂尔多斯盆地西南地区蓟县系古地温演化历史及岩浆热事件的影响

深层油气成藏机理研究的首要前提是要明确烃源岩的热演化历史,这对区域油气勘探潜力的评价有着重要的指导意义。鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘蓟县系烃源岩在中生代以来的热演化史有何特征,是否受早白垩世岩浆热作用的影响,影响程度如何等问题的不明确,制约着人们对该地区中元古界烃源岩的生烃潜力的认识及进一步勘探开发的思路。通过对安口—铜城地区出露的三叠系、侏罗系及铜城岩体进行磷灰石裂变径迹、磷灰石/锆石(U-Th)/He测试,结合镜质组反射率数据,分别恢复了该地区沉积岩在中三叠世以来和侵入岩在早白垩世以来的冷却历史,结合岩浆岩体的空间分布特征和泥页岩镜质组反射率,估算蓟县系烃源岩古地温。热年代学模拟表明,蓟县系烃源岩自中生代以来先后经历了三叠纪—侏罗纪的正常埋深增温,达到了生烃温度门限,自早白垩世约130～110 Ma开始冷却,其中个别样品表现为自始新世中期至45 Ma微弱加速冷却,中新世晚期至8 Ma以来快速冷却。研究表明,中晚侏罗世是鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘蓟县系生烃的关键时期,烃源岩处于主生油温度范围,之后的早白垩世晚期岩浆侵入事件的热作用范围有限,对蓟县系烃源岩古地温的影响仅发生在局部地区。鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘...     

柴达木盆地德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩成熟度演化史

德令哈坳陷是柴达木盆地石炭系具有勘探前景的地区。综合区域调查、平衡剖面反演、镜质体反射率等分析,获取了柴达木盆地主要构造运动期次,并结合盆地模拟技术,重建了石炭系埋藏史;结合石炭系烃源岩油气地化指标,研究了德令哈坳陷石炭系烃源岩热演化史。研究表明,德令哈坳陷内石炭系烃源岩广泛发育,有机质丰度较高,埋深较大,但未发生变质,处于成熟-高成熟阶段。德令哈坳陷石炭系埋藏史主要表现为晚石炭世、中侏罗世早期-晚白垩世、渐新世晚期-中新世为快速埋藏期,早二叠世-晚三叠世、早白垩世-始新世为稳定期,晚三叠世末-晚侏罗世、始新世末-中新世、中新世末以来为强烈抬升剥蚀期,沉降史与抬升剥蚀史新生代以来存在着差异;石炭系烃源岩热演化史主要表现为"二次生烃、晚期生烃为主"的特点,主要受控于区域构造运动。晚古生代以来柴达木盆地热演化总体表现为缓慢降低的特征,主要受控于柴达木盆地岩浆热事件与构造活动特征。      

黔南坳陷下寒武统牛蹄塘组泥页岩埋藏史与热史研究——以贵都地1井为例

下寒武统牛蹄塘组是黔南坳陷最重要的页岩气目标层之一。为探究牛蹄塘组泥页岩的生烃演化史,文章以黔南坳陷贵都地1井为研究对象,通过对该区油气地质、地球化学分析,运用盆地模拟技术等方法,对贵都地1井牛蹄塘组埋藏史与热史进行重建。结果表明:牛蹄塘组泥页岩具有较高的有机质丰度,有机质类型为I型,已达到过成熟阶段,整体具有一定的生烃潜力;牛蹄塘组泥页岩经历了中寒武世早期—中奥陶世（466~508 Ma）的生油期和中奥陶世—中三叠世（236~466 Ma）的生气期,在中三叠世晚期（约230 Ma）达到最大埋深5 740 m,最高温度约215 ℃;具有“短暂生油,持续 生气”的特征;高热演化背景下的生烃过程为页岩气富集提供较好的基础条件,但印支期以来的构造抬升剥蚀对页岩气保存具有较强的破坏作用,保存条件是页岩气富集最重要的控制因素。     

黔中隆起及其周缘地区下古生界油气勘探前景与方向

黔中隆起位于上扬子板块东南缘,经历了前震旦纪基底形成、早震旦世裂谷、晚震旦世—志留纪被动大陆边缘、泥盆纪—中三叠世陆内裂谷与克拉通盆地和晚三叠世—第三纪陆内盆地5大演化阶段。该区具有较好的成油气地质条件;发育上震旦统陡山沱组泥页岩和下寒武统牛蹄塘组泥页岩两套区域烃源岩及下奥陶统湄潭组和下志留统龙马溪组局部泥页岩烃源岩,具有很强的生烃潜力;发育上震旦统灯影组白云岩、寒武系金顶山组碎屑岩、高台组—娄山关组碳酸盐岩和下奥陶统—下志留统储层;而牛蹄塘组泥岩和娄山关组膏盐白云岩与上二叠统龙潭组含煤泥岩是该区区域性盖层,湄潭组、龙马溪组为局部盖层;该区保存条件复杂,燕山、喜山构造运动对早期油气藏的改造和破坏较大,是该区油气成藏的主要控制因素,也是该区油气勘探的主要风险所在。研究认为该区油气勘探潜力较大,而安顺凹陷、三塘—百兴凹陷和黔西凹陷整体油气保存条件较好,为最有利天然气勘探区带。     

黔西北寒武系牛蹄塘组与志留系龙马溪组页岩生烃和储集能力差异分析

以黔西北牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组页岩为研究对象,在对钻井岩心样品进行有机地球化学和储层分析实验的基础上,对牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组页岩气成藏条件进行了对比。牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组原始TOC分别为8.68%～10.50%和0.60%～9.45%,原始生烃潜量分别为62.77～75.20 mg/g和4.44～69.70 mg/g,演化至成熟时平均产气量分别为93.35 cm3/g和58.58 cm3/g,证明了牛蹄塘组页岩原始生烃能力远好于龙马溪组页岩。牛蹄塘组和龙马溪组页岩最大吸附气含量分别为1.81～9.07m3/t和2.24～2.49 m3/t,孔隙大小主要分布在3.48～3.65 nm范围内,牛蹄塘组页岩总孔体积和比表面积总体上小于龙马溪组页岩。综合研究认为:牛蹄塘组页岩与龙马溪组页岩相比,更有利于富集吸附态天然气,但牛蹄塘组页岩天然气生成时期早、演化时间长,导致大部分天然气散失,加之页岩孔隙度降低也导致游离气富集能力下降,最终使得牛蹄塘组页岩气成藏能力弱于龙马溪组。     

鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起西南缘奥陶系热演化史恢复与生烃史——以麟游-旬邑地区为例

本文应用古地温恢复法及盆地模拟法,恢复鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起西南缘奥陶系最大古地温梯度、热演化史和生烃史。根据钻孔测温曲线求得渭北隆起现今地温梯度为3.12℃/100m。该区在二叠纪和三叠纪进入快速沉降阶段,早侏罗世早白垩世进入缓慢沉降阶段,晚白垩世以来进入抬升剥蚀阶段,剥蚀厚度在1100~1300 m。旬邑地区奥陶系烃源岩在早二叠世约270 Ma进入生油窗,晚三叠世约210 Ma进入成熟生油阶段。晚侏罗世约150 Ma开始大量生气,在早白垩世末期96 Ma左右,地层达到最大埋深及最高古地温,达到生气高峰。热史恢复及模拟结果表明旬邑地区早白垩世地温梯度最高可达到5.0℃/100 m,是主要生气期。     

黔中隆起及周缘地区牛蹄塘组含氮页岩气分布特征及有利勘探方向

黔中隆起及周缘地区位于四川盆地以南的复杂构造改造区,广泛发育的下古生界海相牛蹄塘组页岩具有分布面积广、厚度大和有机质类型好等特点,页岩气资源潜力巨大。但是,该区页岩气勘探效果不佳,多口井揭示N2含量高。为揭示四川盆地外牛蹄塘组页岩气高氮低烃的原因,本次研究选取牛蹄塘组高N2含量与低N2含量的页岩样品,对比其地质与地球化学特征,初步分析牛蹄塘组N2的成因,并结合气体组分的区域分布特征,阐明了不同地区页岩气气体组成差异的原因。结果表明,牛蹄塘组页岩解吸气中N2可能来源于有机质高成熟氨化作用或过成熟热解作用。牛蹄塘组早期生成的烃类气受通天断层的影响可能发生了散失,而当等效镜质组反射率大于3.5%时,N2的产率显著增加, N2相对含量也相应增加,导致牛蹄塘组页岩气具有高氮低烃的组成特征。综合研究认为,黔中古隆起金沙、大方一带,雪峰古隆起松桃、岑巩、黄平和麻江一带为复杂构造改造区过成熟牛蹄塘组页岩气有利勘探区域。     

湘西沅麻盆地印支期以来古流体特征及其对寒武系页岩气勘探方向的指示

因古隆起周缘页岩生烃时间晚、热演化程度低,目前已成为中扬子地区油气勘探的重要领域.雪峰古隆起形成于加里东末期,经历了后期复杂的沉积-构造演化,白垩系覆盖区勘探方向尚未明确.以雪峰古隆起西侧沅麻盆地北部为主要研究对象,通过对不整合于寒武系页岩之上的白垩系底部方解石脉与寒武系页岩方解石脉地球化学和包裹体对比分析,研究了古流体形成环境、来源及其对寒武系生烃演化过程的指示.研究结果表明:（1）白垩系脉体碳氧同位素与围岩具有相似性,REE无明显的Eu异常,与寒武系脉体Eu强正异常对比鲜明,表明白垩系脉体主要来自白垩系,受寒武系页岩的影响弱;（2）白垩系方解石脉采样位置位于构造高位,但是包裹体类型显示以纯水溶液包裹体为主,形成于弱还原-弱氧化的环境,未见沥青和明显的纯甲烷包裹体,表明寒武系大规模生排烃在白垩系沉积之前;（3）以包裹体均一温度和Ro为制约,结合区域地质特征恢复了沅麻盆地寒武系两种类型埋藏史,即沅麻盆地北部草堂凹陷早期深埋藏,白垩纪以来不具二次生烃的条件;辰溪凹陷南部早期浅埋藏,白垩系以来Ro可能由1.2%升至2.5%,二次生烃潜力较大,是下一步勘探的有利区.      

敦化-密山断裂带的平移距离:来自松嫩-张广才岭-佳木斯-兴凯地块古生代-中生代岩浆作用的制约

敦化-密山断裂带是郯庐断裂北段的重要分支之一,其大规模左行走滑发生的时限以及平移距离一直存在较大争议。本文系统地总结了松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘、佳木斯地块以及兴凯地块之上古生代-中生代火成岩的锆石U-Pb年代学资料,结合其空间分布特征,对敦化-密山断裂带的平移时限及距离提供了制约。研究表明,松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘与兴凯地块在古生代-中生代期间具有类似的岩浆活动历史,两个地块之上该时期的岩浆作用可以划分为8个主要期次:中-晚寒武世(ca.500~516Ma)、早奥陶世(ca.480~486Ma)、晚奥陶世(ca.450~456Ma)、中志留世(ca.426~430Ma)、早二叠世(ca.285~292Ma)、晚二叠世(ca.255~260Ma)、晚三叠世(ca.202~210Ma)和早侏罗世(ca.185~186Ma)。相比之下,佳木斯地块中的古生代-中生代早期岩浆事件则集中在晚寒武世(~492Ma)、晚泥盆世(~388Ma)、早二叠世(~288Ma)、晚二叠世(~259Ma)和早侏罗世(~176Ma),而晚奥陶世-志留纪和晚三叠世的岩浆活动在佳木斯地块未见报道。早白垩世晚期(ca.105~110Ma)和晚白垩世(ca.90~94Ma)的岩浆活动在三个地块均存在。上述结果表明兴凯地块东缘与松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘在早古生代经历了共同的地质演化历史,而中生代早期,兴凯地块西缘与松嫩-张广才岭地块东缘经历了同样的岩浆作用历史。上述结果暗示,敦化-密山断裂可能经历了至少两次平移,分别发生在中-晚二叠世-早三叠世和中-晚侏罗世-早白垩世,推测其总的平移距离约400km。结合研究区中生代期间的构造演化历史,敦化-密山断裂中生代的左行平移应与中-晚侏罗世-早白垩世期间古太平洋板块(Izanagi板块)的斜向俯冲相联系。     

祁连山及其邻区大地构造基本特征──兼论早古生代海相火山岩的成因环境

作者对中、南祁连的大地构造属性提出了新的见解，认为它们和柴达木地块具有同一前震旦纪基底，三者共同构成了柴达木板块。北祁连山的主体是介于中朝板块和柴达木板块间的早古生代缝合带。中朝板块的南缘有一个活动陆缘，由走廊弧后盆地和走廊南山北缘岛弧构成。从中寒武世以来，祁连山及其邻区构造演化经历了古大陆克拉通裂解，大洋克拉通演化阶段和新大陆克拉通演化阶段。现今的祁连山是这些构造演化共同作用的结果。早古生代海相火山岩的生成环境在南祁连为单一的裂谷环境。而在北祁连及走廊带，则不同时期具有不同的生成环境：（１）中寒武世为初始大洋裂谷环境，（２）早中奥陶世为具沟弧盆体系的政熟大洋，（３）晚奥陶世为残留洋盆，（４）志留纪为前陆盆地环境。     

Intra-platform tectono-sedimentary response to geodynamic transition along the margin of the Tarim Basin,NW China

The Tarim Basin has experienced three tectonic evolutionary phases from the Cambrian to Ordovician: (1) Regional extension from the late Neoproterozoic to Mid-Early Cambrian, (2) Relatively weak regional compression from the Late Cambrian to Mid-Early Ordovician, and (3) Regional compression during the Late Ordovician. Intra-platform tectonic and sedimentary characteristics indicate a clear linkage to the tectonic evolution of the basin margin during early Paleozoic time. During the Cambrian, small intra-platform rift-related depressions formed during an extensional setting. During the Mid-Early Ordovician, a transition from extension to compression caused formation of the Tazhong and Tabei paleo-uplifts and major unconformities T₇⁴ (base of the Late Ordovician). The evolving paleo-geomorphology led to differentiation of sedimentary facies, and numerous intra-platform shoals formed during deposition of the Early Ordovician Yingshan Formation. During the Late Ordovician, regional compression began, which changed the platform margin slopes into four slopes that surrounded the three isolated island uplifts of Tabei, Tazhong, and Tangnan in the Late Ordovician. Simultaneously, the basin margin dynamic conditions also changed the relative sea level and filling pattern of the basin. In the Early and Middle Cambrian, the Tarim Basin mainly developed a progradational ramp-type platform due to relative sea level fall. From the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician the relative sea level began to rise, resulting in an aggradational—retrograding rimmed margins-type platform. In the Late Ordovician, along with a further rise in relative sea level, the basin mainly developed isolated platform.     

The passive margin of northern Gondwana during Early Paleozoic: Evidence from the central Tibet Plateau

The central–south domain of the Tibet Plateau represents an important part of the northern segment of Gondwana during the early Paleozoic. Here we present zircon U–Pb, Lu–Hf isotope, and whole–rock geochemical data from a suite of early Paleozoic magmatic rocks from the central Tibet Plateau, with a view to gain insights into the nature and geotectonic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana. Zircon grains in four granitic rocks yielded ages of 532−496 Ma with negative ε_Hf(t) values (−13.7 to −0.6). Zircon grains in meta–basalt and mafic gneiss yielded ages of 512 ± 5 Ma and 496 ± 6 Ma, respectively. Geochemically, the granitic rocks belong to high–K calc–alkaline and shoshonitic S–type granite suite, with the protolith derived from the partial melting of ancient crustal components. The mafic gneiss and meta–basalt geochemically resemble OIB (Oceanic Island Basalt) and E–MORB (Enriched Mid–Ocean Ridge Basalt), respectively. They were derived from low degree (∼5–10%) partial melting of an enriched mantle (garnet and spinel lherzolite) that was contaminated by upper crustal components. The parental magmas experienced orthopyroxene–dominated fractional crystallization. Sedimentological features of the Cambrian–Ordovician formations indicate that the depositional cycle transformed from marine regression to transgression leading to the formation of parallel/angular unconformities between the Cambrian and Ordovician strata. The hiatus associated with these unconformities are coupled with the peak of the early Paleozoic magmatism in Tibet Plateau, indicating a tectonic control. We conclude that the Cambrian–Ordovician magmatic suite and sedimentary rocks formed in an extensional setting, and we correlate this with the post–peak stage of the Pan–African orogeny. The post–collision setting associated with delamination, orogenic collapse or lithospheric extension along the northern margin of Gondwana, can account for the Cambrian–Ordovician magmatism and sedimentation, rather than oceanic subduction along the external margin. We thus infer a passive margin setting for the northern Gondwana during the Early Paleozoic.     

大巴山地区早古生代黑色岩系岩相古地理及页岩气地质意义*

大巴山地区早古生代发育下寒武统水井沱组(巴山组—鲁家坪组)和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组2套黑色岩系。沉积学研究表明,2套黑色岩系均发育于扬子北缘被动大陆边缘盆地之上,早期快速海侵,沉积环境以深水陆棚为主,晚期随着海平面下降逐渐变为浅水陆棚沉积,局部发育滩礁沉积。早寒武世和晚奥陶世—早志留世,研究区均处于被动大陆边缘盆地,基底不平整,陆架边缘呈现多个小岛阻隔的古地理格局,但两者的形成机制却完全不同:早寒武世的构造格局沿袭了陡山沱期的地堑和地垒分布格局,地垒处表现为局部隆起或水下潜隆;晚奥陶世—早志留世的构造格局则与扬子板块向华北板块俯冲有关,是在扬子北缘被动大陆边缘基础上发育起来的前陆隆起。这种受限的滞留海域有利于形成厚度大、有机碳含量高(2%~6%)、脆性矿物含量高(40%~65%)的富有机质页岩,虽然其是页岩气勘探的有利目标层系,但仍需加强构造保存条件的研究。     

U–Pb zircon dating and nature of metavolcanics and metarkoses from the Monte Grighini Unit: new insights on Late Ordovician magmatism in the Variscan belt in Sardinia, Italy

In the external units of the Sardinian Variscides Nappe Zone, volcanic and volcanoclastic successions of Middle Ordovician age follow Lower Paleozoic calc-alkaline magmatism developed at the northern Gondwana margin. We present geochemical and zircon U–Pb isotopic data for the Truzzulla Formation, a low-to-medium-grade metamorphic volcanic–volcanoclastic succession belonging to the Monte Grighini Unit, the deepest unit in the Nappe Zone. Geochemical and radiometric data allow us to define a Late Ordovician (Katian) magmatic (volcanic) event of calc-alkaline affinity. These new data, in conjunction with previously published data, indicate that in the Sardinian Variscides, the age of Lower Paleozoic Andean-type calc-alkaline magmatism spans from Middle to Late Ordovician. Moreover, the age distribution of calc-alkaline volcanics and volcanoclastic rocks in the Nappe Zone is consistent with a diachronous development of Middle–Late Ordovician Andean-type magmatic arc through the portion of the northern Gondwanian margin now represented by the Sardinian Variscides. This reconstruction of the Sardinian Variscides reflects the complex magmatic and tectonic evolution of the northern margin of Gondwana in the Lower Paleozoic.     

Neoproterozoic-Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the western part of the Kyrgyz Ridge (Northern Tian Shan) caledonides

The conducted comprehensive study of the western part of Kyrgyz Ridge provided new data on the structure, composition and age of Precambrian and Early Paleozoic stratified and igneous complexes. The main achievements of these studies are: (1) the establishment of a wide age spectrum, embracing the interval from the Neoproterozoic to the end of the Early Ordovician, for the clastic-carbonate units composing the cover of the Northern Tian Shan sialic massif; (2) the reconstruction and dating of Early and Late Cambrian ophiolite complexes formed in suprasubduction settings;(3) the discovery and dating of the Early-Middle Ordovician volcano-sedimentary complex of island-arc affinity; and (4) proof of the wide occurrence of Late Ordovician granitoids, some of which bear Cu-Au-Mo ores. The intricate thrust-and-fold structure of the western part of the Kyrgyz Ridge, formed in several stages from the Middle Cambrian (?) until the end of the Middle Ordovician, was scrutinized; the importance of the Early Ordovician stage was demonstrated. The intrusion of large batholiths in the early Late Ordovician accomplished the caledonide structural evolution. Formation of Neoproterozoic and Early Paleozoic caledonide complexes, which were possibly related to the protracted and entangled evolution of the active continental margin, ceased by the Late Ordovician.     

中亚造山带伊犁北缘早古生代海相斑脱岩地质意义

伊犁地块位于西天山北部,通常认为其北缘经历了晚古生代活动陆缘的演化,但对其早古生代构造沉积演化（尤其是同位素定年）的研究仍较为薄弱.在伊犁北缘果子沟地区的奥陶系黑色硅质页岩中发现多层斑脱岩（蚀变凝灰岩）夹层,奥陶系发生了强烈褶皱变形,在其中一个倒转向斜的核部和翼部选取两层斑脱岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年.2个斑脱岩样品中的锆石显示岩浆锆石的特征,其加权平均年龄分别为458±2 Ma和460±2 Ma.结合前人研究成果,认为该斑脱岩的沉积时代为中奥陶世末期（达瑞威尔阶顶部）,该时代与温泉地区大陆弧岩浆岩年龄基本一致,是准噶尔洋在中-晚奥陶世向伊犁地块之下俯冲的又一证据;该斑脱岩与全球范围内的大规模火山活动时代一致,该期火山活动可能是中-晚奥陶世全球气候变化与生物大灭绝的重要原因.