African, southern Indian and South American cratons were not part of the Rodinia supercontinent: evidence from field relationships and geochronology

We discuss the question whether the late Mesoproterozoic and early Neoproterozoic rocks of eastern, central and southern Africa, Madagascar, southern India, Sri Lanka and South America have played any role in the formation and dispersal of the supercontinent Rodinia, believed to have existed between about 1000 and 750 Ma ago. First, there is little evidence for the production of significant volumes of ˜1.4–1.0 Ga (Kibaran or Grenvillian age) continental crust in the Mozambique belt (MB) of East Africa, except, perhaps, in parts of northern Mozambique. This is also valid for most terranes related to West Gondwana, which are made up of basement rocks older than Mesoproterozoic, reworked in the Brasiliano/Pan-African orogenic cycle. This crust cannot be conclusively related to either magmatic accretion processes on the active margin of Rodinia or continental collision leading to amalgamation of the supercontinent. So far, no 1.4–1.0 Ga rocks have been identified in Madagascar. Secondly, there is no conclusive evidence for a ˜1.0 Ga high-grade metamorphic event in the MB, although such metamorphism has been recorded in the presumed continuation of the MB in East Antarctica. In South America, even the Sunsas mobile belt, which is correlated with the Grenville belt of North America, does not include high-grade metamorphic rocks. All terranes with Mesoproterozoic ages seem to have evolved within extensional, aulacogen-type structures, and their compressional deformation, where observed, is normally much younger and is related to amalgamation of Gondwana. This is also valid for the Trans-Saharan and West Congo belts of West Africa.Third, there is also no evidence for post-1000 Ma sedimentary sequences that were deposited on the passive margin(s) of Rodinia. In contrast, the MB of East Africa and Madagascar is characterized by extensive structural reworking and metamorphic overprinting of Archaean rocks, particularly in Tanzania and Madagascar, and these rocks either constitute marginal parts of cratonic domains or represent crustal blocks (terranes or microcontinents?) of unknown derivation. This is also the case for most terranes included in the Borborema/Trans-Saharan belt of northeastern Brazil and west-central Africa, as well as those of the Central Goíás Massif in central Brazil and the Mantiqueira province of eastern and southeastern Brazil.Furthermore, there is evidence for extensive granitoid magmatism in the period ˜840 to <600 Ma whose predominant calc-alkaline chemistry suggests subduction-related active margin processes during the assembly of the supercontinent Gondwana. The location of the main Neoproterozoic magmatic arcs suggests that a large oceanic domain separated the core of Rodinia, namely Laurentia plus Amazonia, Baltica and West Africa, from several continental masses and fragments now in the southern hemisphere, such as the São Francisco/Congo, Kalahari and Rio de La Plata cratons, as well as the Borborema/Trans-Saharan, Central Goiás Massif and Paraná blocks. Moreover, many extensional tectonic events detected in the southern hemisphere continental masses, but also many radiometric ages of granitois that are already associated with the process of amalgamation of Gondwana, are comprised within the 800–1000 age interval. This seems incompatible with current views on the time of disintegration of Rodinia, assumed to have occurred at around 750 Ma.     

Signature of Precambrian extension events in the southern Siberian craton

We investigate extension events in the southern Siberian craton between 1.8 and 0.7 Ga. Signature of Late Paleoproterozoic within-plate extension in the Northern Baikal region is found in 167 4± 29 Ma dike swarms. A Mesoproterozoic extension event was associated with intrusion of the 1535 ± 14 Ma Chernaya Zima granitoids into the Urik-Iya graben deposits. Neoproterozoic extension recorded in the Sayan-Baikal dike belt (740-780 Ma dike complexes) was concurrent with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent and the initiation of the Paleoasian passive margin along the southern edge of the Siberian craton. The scale of rifting-related magmatism and the features of the coeval sedimentary complexes in the southern Siberian craton indicate that Late Paleoproterozoic and Early Mesoproterozoic extension did not cause ocean opening, and the Paleoasian Ocean opened as a result of Neoproterozoic rifting.     

北秦岭晋宁期主要地质事件及其构造背景探讨

北秦岭主要发育元古宙构造岩石地层单位,包括古元古代秦岭杂岩、中元古代峡河岩群、宽坪岩群和武关岩群、中元古代晚期松树沟蛇绿岩构造岩片、新元古代丹凤岩群和二郎坪岩群的下部地层单位等。北秦岭广泛存在晋宁期的强烈构造－岩浆－变质地质事件,且是新元古代主体形成的古老造山带。晋宁期的地质事件可能并不代表扬子地块和华北地块之间的直接碰撞拼合,而是具扬子地块基底特征的“中秦岭微地块 与北秦岭微地块或华北地块之间的俯冲碰撞拼台 震旦纪之后又逐渐开始发生大陆裂解,进入显生宙的构造演化阶段。新元古代晋宁期(1000-800Ma)发生的主要地质事件和有限的俯冲－碰撞拼台及震旦纪之后又逐渐开始发生裂解与国外一些地质学家提出的新元古代时期Rodinia超大陆的形成和700～570 Ma期间Rodinia超大陆的裂解不谋而台     

Anatomy of the Mozambique Belt of Eastern and Southern Africa: Evidence from Tanzania

The Mozambique belt of eastern and southern Africa is polyorogenic and marks the sites for the assembly (collision and suturing) and dispersion (rifting and drifting) of the Proterozoic supercontinents. Subduction zones and collisional sutures in this belt are of variable ages. Reliable isotope and geological data from the Mozambique belt of Holmes (1951) suggest that there existed three major Proterozoic oceans within this belt: the Palaeoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic “Mozambique Oceans”. However, the accretion and collisional tectonic history of this orogenically coalescent belt are complex and thus still enigmatic.     

Accretion of Grenvillian terranes to the southwestern border of the R��o de la Plata craton, western Argentina

A comprehensive review of the geological, geochronological, and isotopic features of the Mesoproterozoic Grenvillian terranes attached to the southwest of the Río de la Plata craton in Early Paleozoic times is presented in this paper. They are grouped into the northern (sierras de Umango, Maz and del Espinal and surroundings), central (Sierra de Pie de Palo, southern Precordillera and Frontal Cordillera), and southern (San Rafael and Las Matras Blocks) segments. The Mesoproterozoic basement consists mainly of arc related, intermediate to acidic and mafic?Cultramafic rocks of 1,244?C1,027?Ma, with juvenile, Laurentian affinity. Exception to it is the Maz Group, with a protracted history and reworked character. They are affected by 846?C570?Ma, extensional magmatism in the northern and central segments, which represents the Neoproterozoic breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. Successive passive margin sedimentation is registered in Late Neoproterozoic (~640?C580?Ma) and Cambro-Ordovician (~550?C470?Ma) times. The southern segment is noted for the younger sedimentation alone, and for showing the exclusive primary unconformable relationship between the Mesoproterozoic basement and Early Ordovician cover. The effects of Early Paleozoic Famatinian orogeny, associated with the collisions of Cuyania and Chilenia terranes, are recorded as main phase (480?C450?Ma), late phase (440?C420?Ma), and Chanic phase (400?C360?Ma). Among them, the tectonothermal climax is the Ordovician main phase, to which klippe and nappe structures typical of collisional orogens are related in the northern and central segments. Preliminary data allow us to suggest a set of paired metamorphic belts, with an outboard high-P/T belt, and an inboard Barrowian P/T belt.     

华夏地块新元古代沉积记录与超大陆重建

新元古代-早古生代,Rodinia超大陆裂解至Gondwana大陆聚合的过程对华南构造格局与古地理演化具有重要的制约作用,然而在这过程中华夏地块的位置、华夏与扬子之间的关系等问题仍存在争议。本文通过同位素地层年代学、新元古代冰期事件及成矿事件对比了华夏地块武夷南部-南岭地区及华夏西缘新元古代中-晚期地层。在此基础上,对新元古代沉积物进行碎屑锆石物源分析,发现华夏西缘拉伸纪晚期-埃迪卡拉纪曾出现多次物源方向的转换,并在成冰纪晚期同时出现来自华南内部和外部的双向物源。结合浅海陆棚的沉积环境,表明此时扬子与华夏之间并没有宽阔的大洋相隔。华夏地块拉伸纪晚期-埃迪卡拉纪碎屑岩中包含了大量中元古代至新元古代早期的碎屑锆石,与东冈瓦纳北部印度、东南极等地区的沉积记录吻合,指示华夏地块至少自750 Ma时期就接收到来自印度北缘的碎屑物质。在Rodinia超大陆裂解至Gondwana大陆聚合期间,华南一直保持在超大陆边缘的古地理位置,与印度北缘相连。     

柴达木和欧龙布鲁克陆块基底的组成和变质作用及中国中西部古大陆演化关系初探

中国西部的柴达木陆块和欧龙布鲁克陆块的基底岩系虽然在地球化学上与扬子陆块具有亲缘性,但它们之间的组成和变质作用历史却显著不同。欧龙布鲁克陆块下部基底德令哈杂岩和达肯大坂岩群于~1.95Ga发生了角闪岩相-麻粒岩相区域变质作用并克拉通化,响应了全球Columbia超大陆汇聚事件;随后又与中元古代万洞沟岩群一道于~1.0Ga发生绿片岩相变质作用,共同响应了全球Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件;新元古代中晚期裂解后于中奥陶纪受原特提斯洋关闭影响而隆起。柴达木陆块基底主体由中元古代金水口岩群白沙河岩组(柴南缘)和沙柳河岩群乌龙滩岩组(柴北缘)组成,以S-型花岗岩的侵入活动和相应的变质作用响应了全球Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件。晚泛非期(520~480Ma)柴达木陆块与冈瓦纳主大陆俯冲碰撞,发生中压角闪岩相-麻粒岩相和高压超高压变质作用,经短暂拼贴后很快进入到原特提斯洋域,随460~420Ma的大洋关闭而发生变质叠加。区域对比表明,在基底组成和地壳演化史上,欧龙布鲁克陆块与阿拉善陆块和塔里木陆块(包括扬子陆块)相似,柴达木陆块则与北秦岭陆块以及祁连陆块相似,因而分属两个陆块群。塔—欧陆块群记录的~500Ma热事件与塔—欧和柴—秦陆块群共同记录的~450Ma热事件是两个性质不同的构造热事件。     

祁连造山带东段早古生代葫芦河群变质碎屑岩中碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄:源区特征和沉积时代的限定

祁连造山带东段葫芦河群的形成时代长期存在争议。选择葫芦河群变质碎屑岩为研究对象,运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学方法,探讨葫芦河群的形成时代和物源特征。结果表明,葫芦河群的2个样品碎屑锆石同位素年龄数据以及侵入其中的花岗岩同位素年龄表明,葫芦河群沉积时代限定为447～434Ma,其主体形成时代为早志留世。葫芦河群变质碎屑锆石年龄谱明显分为4组:(1)震旦纪—早古生代年龄组,426～595Ma,峰值为479Ma;(2)新元古代年龄组,738～981 Ma,峰值为887 Ma;(3)中元古代年龄组,1000～1 913Ma,峰值为1499Ma;(4)古元古代—新太古代年龄组,2053～2 872Ma,峰值为2448Ma。其中,早古生代年龄组可进一步细分为426～493 Ma和527～595 Ma两个年龄段,峰值分别为445 Ma和559Ma,前者年龄段指示其物源可能以邻近地区的北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带为主,是加里东期中南祁连和西秦岭微地块分别向北俯冲、碰撞产生的一系列火成岩在造山剥蚀后的沉积响应;后者年龄段则与北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带中泛非造山事件中的岩浆活动有关。新元古代年龄组可细分为738～799Ma、839～862Ma和902～981Ma 3个年龄段,峰值分别为768Ma、848Ma和948Ma,以902～981Ma年龄组为主;第一年龄段(738～799Ma)与北祁连造山带新元古代晚期岩浆事件的年龄大致相对应,与Rodi-nia超大陆的裂解事件相关;第二年龄段和第三年龄段(839～862 Ma、902～981 Ma)与中祁连地区和西秦岭北缘的新元古代早期构造岩浆事件年龄大致相对应,与Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件及岛弧型岩浆作用相关。中元古代年龄组可细分为1 000～1 197Ma和1 243～1 913Ma 2个年龄段,峰值分别为1 036Ma和1 593Ma,其物源可能来自祁连造山带和华北板块基底岩系。古元古代—新太古代年龄组反映了物源来自北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带的结晶基底,部分物源也有可能来自于华北板块基底岩系。综合分析显示,葫芦河群碎屑沉积物质来源较为复杂,具有明显的多元性,存在祁连造山带、西秦岭北缘构造带和华北板块基底3个物源区,其中祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带提供了大部分物源,而祁连造山带应为葫芦河群贡献最大的物源区。     

西昆仑地区元古宙岩浆侵入作用及构造-岩浆演化过程

通过对西昆仑地区元古代侵入岩的岩石类型、形成时代和岩石地球化学资料的综合分析,探讨各个构造单元侵入岩形成期次、岩石成因及构造-岩浆演化过程。铁克里克断隆带元古宙中酸性侵入岩以A型花岗岩为主,是塔里木板块古老基底在高温低压条件下发生部分熔融的产物。西昆仑造山带古元古代和中元古代早期中酸性侵入岩为钙碱性I型花岗岩,是变玄武岩在低温条件下部分熔融条件下形成的,而古元古代晚期和新元古代中酸性侵入岩则是高温条件下老基底岩系部分熔融而形成的A型花岗岩。甜水海地块仅发育新元古代侵入岩,为S型花岗岩,是高温高压环境下甜水海地块古老基底部分熔融而形成。根据侵入岩岩浆演化规律,将西昆仑地区元古宙划为4个演化阶段:12 426~1 567Ma:以铁克里克断隆带A型花岗岩为代表的塔里木板块陆内演化,以西昆仑造山带钙碱性-拉斑质I型花岗岩为代表的陆缘弧。21 301~1 000Ma:铁克里克断隆带和西昆仑造山带均以陆内演化性质的A型花岗岩为主。31 000~851 Ma:甜水海地块S型花岗岩可能是陆-陆碰撞导致地壳加厚的产物,指示甜水海地块可能作为Rodinia超大陆的一员发生聚合拼接作用。4815~644 Ma:铁克里克断隆带和西昆仑造山带均存在碱性基性岩浆岩和A型花岗岩的双峰式侵入岩组合,指示塔里木地块和西昆仑地块可能作为Rodinia超大陆组成部分,在该阶段发生了裂解作用。通过对元古宙侵入岩的系统分析,西昆仑地区不同构造单元地壳演化有一定差异,经历了不同演化过程。     

新元古时期Rodinia超大陆研究进展述评

新元古时期Ｒｏｄｉｎｉａ超大陆的假说自１９９０年提出以来,引起国外许多地质学家的关注,其研究程度不断提高,本文在回顾Ｒｏｄｉｎｉａ超大陆研究历史的基础上,介绍了Ｒｏｄｉｎｉａ超大陆的古地理再造图,并着重介绍中国大陆古地块在超大陆中古地理位置的最新研究动向,文中对建立Ｒｏｄｉｎｉａ超大陆的标志,特别是中元古代晚期－新元古代早期的造山运动和新元古代晚期的裂谷作用进行了评述。同时对我国中－新元古代与Ｒｏ     

塔里木盆地北部志留系碎屑锆石测年及其地质意义

志留系是塔里木盆地第一套砂岩储层广泛分布的沉积盖层,其沉积来源与成因对志留纪构造演化及周边造山带的研究具有重要意义。塔里木盆地北部地区2个志留系代表性样品的碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究表明,志留系具有比较集中的三期物源年龄:中元古代早期1500～1600Ma、新元古代早期750～900Ma、奥陶纪450～500Ma。碎屑锆石定龄表明东部地区志留系物源主要来自阿尔金地区奥陶纪火成岩,而西部塔北地区志留系物源主要来自北部古隆起前寒武纪基底。前寒武纪锆石年龄揭示塔里木板块在新元古代时期与Rodinia超大陆具有相似的聚合与裂解演化史,塔里木北部地区在中元古代存在与Columbia超大陆裂解时间一致的构造-热事件。     

Detrital footprint of the Mozambique ocean: U–Pb SHRIMP and Pb evaporation zircon geochronology of metasedimentary gneisses in eastern Madagascar

The southern East African Orogen is a collisional belt where the identification of major suture zones has proved elusive. In this study, we apply U–Pb isotopic techniques to date detrital zircons from a key part of the East African Orogen, analyse their possible source region and discuss how this information can help in unravelling the orogen.U–Pb sensitive high-mass resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) and Pb evaporation analyses of detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks in eastern Madagascar reveal that: (1) the protoliths of many of these rocks were deposited between 800 and 550 Ma; and (2) these rocks are sourced from regions with rocks that date back to over 3400 Ma, with dominant age populations of 3200–3000, 2650, 2500 and 800–700 Ma.The Dharwar Craton of southern India is a potential source region for these sediments, as here rocks date back to over 3400 Ma and include abundant gneissic rocks with protoliths older than 3000 Ma, sedimentary rocks deposited at 3000–2600 Ma and granitoids that crystallised at 2513–2552 Ma. The 800–700 Ma zircons could potentially be sourced from elsewhere in India or from the Antananarivo Block of central Madagascar in the latter stages of closure of the Mozambique Ocean. The region of East Africa adjacent to Madagascar in Gondwana reconstructions (the Tanzania craton) is rejected as a potential source as there are no known rocks here older than 3000 Ma, and no detrital grains in our samples sourced from Mesoproterozoic and early Neoproterozoic rocks that are common throughout central east Africa. In contrast, coeval sediments 200 km west, in the Itremo sheet of central Madagascar, have detrital zircon age profiles consistent with a central East African source, suggesting that two late Neoproterozoic provenance fronts pass through east Madagascar at approximately the position of the Betsimisaraka suture. These observations support an interpretation that the Betsimisaraka suture separates rocks that were derived from different locations within, or at the margins of, the Mozambique Ocean basin and therefore, that the suture is the site of subduction of a strand of Mozambique Ocean crust.     

中东部非洲地质构造单元与成矿区带划分

本文通过总结前人研究资料,认为中东部非洲主要由太古宙克拉通及其周缘的元古代活动带和显生宙沉积组成,并将中东部非洲划分为16个地质构造单元。中东部非洲矿产资源丰富,不同的地质构造单元的矿产资源种类亦不相同。其优势矿种主要有金、铜、钴、钨、锡、铌、钽、镍和宝石矿;金分布在克拉通内的新太古宙花岗绿岩带;铜钴产于新元古代卢菲利安弧层状沉积变质岩内;钨锡铌钽主要产于中元古代基巴拉带造山期后的锡石花岗岩内,多为伟晶岩或石英脉型;镍产于基巴拉带早期的镁铁-超镁铁质岩中;宝石矿多产于高级变质岩内;能源矿产主要位于显生宙陆内盆地及滨海盆地内。     

Rodinia connections between Australia and Laurentia: no SWEAT,no AUSWUS?

Although geological comparisons between Australia and North America have provided a basis for various Neoproterozoic Rodinia reconstructions, quantitative support from precisely dated palaeomagnetic poles has so far been lacking. We report U–Pb ages and palaeomagnetic results for two suites of mafic sills within the intracratonic Bangemall Basin of Western Australia, one of which is dated at 1070 ± 6 Ma and carries a high‐stability palaeomagnetic remanence. Comparison of the Bangemall palaeopole with Laurentian data suggests that previous reconstructions of eastern Australia against either western Canada (SWEAT) or the western United States (AUSWUS) are not viable at 1070 Ma. This implies that the Pacific Ocean did not form by separation of Australia–Antarctica from Laurentia, and that up to 10 000 km of late Neoproterozoic passive margins need to be matched with other continental blocks within any proposed Rodinia supercontinent. Our results permit a reconstruction (AUSMEX) that closely aligns late Mesoproterozoic orogenic belts in north‐east Australia and southernmost Laurentia.     

柴达木地块南缘昆北单元变质新元古代花岗岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄

侵入于香日德南昆北单元金水口岩群白沙河岩组中的变质花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄约为904Ma.该年龄与东昆仑地区已有的定年数据一道,表明柴达木地块南缘存在一条中-新元古代的花岗岩深成侵入岩带,整个柴达木地块可能曾响应了全球Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件.     

新疆兴地Ⅱ号铜镍矿床辉长岩SIMS锆石U-Pb年龄和地质意义

兴地Ⅱ号铜镍矿床为岩浆多期次分异、侵位形成的基性-超基性杂岩体;本文通过对兴地辉长岩进行SIMS锆石U-Pb精确测年,获得²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为737±2 Ma,该数据表明兴地Ⅱ号杂岩体形成于南华纪,并非形成于中元古代。塔里木北缘广泛发育的碳酸岩、基性-超基性岩和双峰式火山岩,为Rodinia 超大陆长期的和持续的裂解产物。     

祁连山地区花岗质岩浆作用及构造演化

祁连山在构造上是一条经历了多期构造旋回叠加的早古生代复合型造山带,花岗质岩浆作用研究对揭示其构造演化具有重要意义。锆石U-Pb年代学统计结果表明,祁连地区花岗质岩浆活动可以分为7个大的阶段,包括古元古代早期(2 470~2 348 Ma)、古元古代晚期(1 778~1 763 Ma)、中元古代晚期-新元古代早期(1 192~888 Ma)、新元古代中期(853~736 Ma)、中寒武世-志留纪(516~419 Ma),泥盆纪-早石炭世(418~350 Ma)以及中二叠世-晚三叠世(271~211 Ma)。其中古元古代早期发育强过铝质高钾钙碱性S型和准铝质低钾拉斑-高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,记录了早期的陆壳增生及改造事件。古元古代晚期为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性-钾玄质A型花岗岩,是Columbia超大陆裂解事件的产物。中元古代晚期-新元古代早期以过铝质-强过铝质钙碱性-钾玄质S型花岗岩为主,新元古代中期以准铝质-强过铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩为主,分别对应Rodinia超大陆的汇聚和裂解事件。中寒武世-志留纪花岗岩是洋陆转换过程中的产物,约440 Ma加厚基性下地壳部分熔融形成的低Mg埃达克岩的广泛出现指示祁连地区全面进入碰撞造山阶段。泥盆纪-早石炭世花岗岩代表后碰撞伸展阶段岩浆岩组合,发育准铝质-强过铝质低钾拉斑-钾玄质等一系列花岗岩。中二叠世-晚三叠世花岗岩以准铝质-弱过铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩为主,有少量弱过铝质高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩,是宗务隆洋俯冲消减以及碰撞后伸展过程的产物。     

Reassembly of the Dharwar and Bastar cratons at ca. 1 Ga: Evidence from multiple tectonothermal events along the Karimnagar granulite belt and Khammam schist belt,southern India

The northern part of the Nellore–Khammam schist belt and the Karimnagar granulite belt, which are juxtaposed at high angle to each other have unique U–Pb zircon age records suggesting distinctive tectonothermal histories. Plate accretion and rifting in the eastern part of the Dharwar craton and between the Dharwar and Bastar craton indicate multiple and complex events from 2600 to 500 Ma. The Khammam schist belt, the Dharwar and the Bastar craton were joined together by the end of the Archaean. The Khammam schist belt had experienced additional tectonic events at \(\sim \)1900 and \(\sim \)1600 Ma. The Dharwar and Bastar cratons separated during development of the Pranhita–Godavari (P–G) valley basin at \(\sim \)1600 Ma, potentially linked to the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent and were reassembled during the Mesoproterozoic at about 1000 Ma. This amalgamation process in southern India could be associated with the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent. The Khammam schist belt and the Eastern Ghats mobile belt also show evidence for accretionary processes at around 500 Ma, which is interpreted as a record of Pan-African collisions during the Gondwana assembly. From then on, southern India, as is known today, formed an integral part of the Indian continent.     

东昆仑南缘哥日卓托地区马尔争组沉积物源分析：碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

为研究东昆仑南缘中下二叠统马尔争组沉积物源及沉积构造背景,对东昆仑南缘哥日卓托地区中下二叠统马尔争组进行了详细的沉积地层划分、沉积环境及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学进行了研究。结果表明,马尔争组为一套形成于大陆斜坡半深海-深海环境的浊积岩系。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱可明显划分为早古生代和新元古代两个主年龄谱及古、中元古代两个次级年龄谱。主年龄谱分别为396~573Ma和727~947Ma,峰值年龄分别为421 Ma和862Ma。次级年龄谱分别为1117~1993Ma和2319~3063Ma,峰值年龄不明显。本文认为东昆仑南缘哥日卓托地区马尔争组物质来源较为复杂,显示早古生代、新元古代、中元古代和古元古代多个时代物源共同供给的特征。东昆仑造山带早古生代岩浆岩和新元古代岩浆岩为其提供了约60~65%的沉积物源,而古老的变质基底为其提供了仅约30~35%的沉积碎屑。综合区域资料认为马尔争组形成于相对稳定的被动大陆边缘沉积构造背景,该期阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋还未开始向北俯冲。     

Stenian A-type granitoids in the Namaqua-Natal Belt,southern Africa,Maud Belt,Antarctica and Nampula Terrane,Mozambique:Rodinia and Gondwana amalgamation implications

We carried out SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating on A-type granitic intrusions from the Namaqua-Natal Province,South Africa,Sverdrupfjella,western Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica and the Nampula Province of northern Mozambique.Zircon grains in these granitic rocks are typically elongated and oscillatory zoned,suggesting magmatic origins.Zircons from the granitoid intrusions analyzed in this study suggest~1025-1100 Ma ages,which confirm widespread Mesoproterozoic A-type granitic magmatism in the Namaqua-Natal(South Africa),Maud(Antarctica) and Mozambique metamorphic terrains.No older inherited(e.g.,~2500 Ma Achean basement or~1200 Ma island are magmatism in northern Natal)zircon grains were seen.Four plutons from the Natal Belt(Mvoti Pluton,Glendale Pluton,Kwalembe Pluton,Ntimbankulu Pluton) display 1050-1040 Ma ages,whereas the Nthlimbitwa Pluton in northern Natal indicates older 1090-1080 Ma ages.A sample from Sverdrupfjella,Antarctica has~1091 Ma old zircons along with~530 Ma metamorphic rims.Similarly,four samples analysed from the Nampula Province of Mozambique suggest crystallization ages of~1060-1090 Ma but also show significant discordance with two samples showing younger~550 Ma overgrowths.None of the Natal samples show any younger overgrowths.A single sample from southwestern Namaqualand yielded an age of~1033 Ma.Currently available chronological data suggest magmatism took place in the Namaqua-Natal-MaudMozambique(NNMM) belt between~1025 Ma and~1100 Ma with two broad phases between~1060-1020 Ma and 1100-1070 Ma respectively,with peaks at between~1030-1040 Ma and~1070-1090 Ma.The age data from the granitic intrusions from Namaqualand.combined with those from Natal,Antarctica and Mozambique suggest a crude spatial-age relationship with the older1070 Ma ages being largely restricted close to the eastern and western margins of the Kalahari Craton in northern Natal,Mozambique.Namaqualand and WDML Antarctica whereas the younger 1060 Ma ages dominate in southern Natal and western Namaqualand and are largely restricted to the southern and possibly the western margins of the Kalahari Craton.The older ages of magmatism partially overlap with or are marginally younger than the intracratonic Mkondo Large lgneous Provinee intruded into or extruded onto the Kalahari Craton,suggesting a tectonic relationship with the Maud Belt.Similar ages from granitic augen gneisses in Sri Lanka suggest a continuous belt stretching from Namaqualand to Sri Lanka in a reconstituted Gondwana,formed during the terminal stages of amalgamation of Rodinia and predating the East African Orogen.This contiguity contributes to defining the extent of Rodinia-age crustal blocks,subsequently fragmented by the dispersal of Rodinia and Gondwana.