寒武纪年代地层的研究现状和研究方向

全球寒武系的底、顶界层型已被确定 ,但寒武系内的统和阶一级的全球标准划分尚待进行。介绍了国际地层委员会寒武系分会有关建阶的意见和推荐的 13个分阶的层位 ;同时介绍了劳亚大陆新近提出的 4统 6阶的年代地层划分方案。回顾了我国的建阶过程 ,指出我国现有的阶一级单位实质上仍然是岩石地层单位 ,具有建立在单位层型上、底界被粗略界定因而时间意义不明确、对比性差、与岩石地层单位重名和不利于竞争国际标准阶和GSSPs等一系列缺点。在湘西、黔东地区新建的 5个阶可取代我国现有的中—晚寒武世年代地层系统。建议暂将我国寒武系划分为 3统和 9个阶 ,即 :下寒武统梅树村阶、筇竹寺阶、沧浪铺阶和龙王庙阶 ;中寒武统台江阶和王村阶 ;上寒武统酉水阶、瓦儿岗阶和桃源阶。     

芙蓉统和排碧阶底界全球层型剖面的牙形刺生物地层

寒武系芙蓉统和排碧阶全球层型剖面——湖南花垣排碧剖面底界界线层的牙形刺生物地层,由下至上划分为Westergaardodina tetragonia带、Westergaardodina matsushitai带和Westergaardodina bicuspidate 3个牙形刺带,可与该界线层的三叶虫带进行很好对比;同时讨论了芙蓉统和排碧阶底界划在牙形刺Westergaardodina mat-sushitai带和Westergaardodina bicuspidata带之间的合理性;此外,还将该牙形刺分带与华北和东北地区寒武系牙形刺带进行了对比。     

梅树村剖面研究的回顾与展望

云南晋宁梅树村剖面是我国下寒武统梅树村阶及震旦系——寒武系界线层型剖面,也是全球前寒武系——寒武系界线层型剖面和界线点的中国候选剖面。该剖面位于昆阳磷矿区,北距昆明市区65公里。该区是我国研究震且系——寒武系界线的重要地点之一。早在1939年,程裕祺首次发现中邑村磷矿,并在磷矿层中观察到“类似三叶虫活动颊”的生物化石     

迎接寒武系全球年代地层的新划分——2004年版“国际地层表”述评

评述了国际地层委员会最新公布的2 0 0 4年版“国际地层表”的寒武系部分,包括它的底界全球层型和点位的确定和存在的问题、寒武系当前的再划分情况、芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界全球层型剖面和点位、寒武系的时代跨度。介绍了全球寒武系年代地层的研究方向和正在表决中的全球寒武系最新划分方案。讨论了与我国寒武系年代地层的划分和建立地方性、区域性年代地层系统的相关问题     

河北卢龙武山寒武系-奥陶系界线粘土矿物研究

河北卢龙武山寒武系-奥陶系界线剖面暴露良好、沉积连续、具有典型海相沉积特征以及丰富的古生物标准化石(如三叶虫和牙形刺等),因此该处受到许多地质研究人员的重视并被选为华北型寒武系-奥陶系界线层型剖面的地点。本文配合寒武系-奥陶系界线层型剖面的研究,对界线附近地层的粘土矿物进行了鉴定并探讨了古沉积环境。     

山东青州尧王山地区寒武系-奥陶系界线及地层划分

鲁西地区的晚寒武世——早奥陶世地层，由于发生了较强烈的白云岩化作用，地层中的沉积构造和生物化石几乎消失殆尽，地层划分对比很困难，甚至寒武系与奥陶系的界线也难以确定。调查发现，青州尧王山地区该时期的地层发育齐全，白云岩化程度较弱，牙形石化石丰富，可与国际层型剖面对比，是鲁西地区完善地层划分和确定寒武系与奥陶系界线的理想地区。     

河北唐山晚寒武世地层的再研究

<正> 河北唐山开平一带的晚寒武世地层,孙云铸(1923,1924,1935)曾系统研究过,卢衍豪(1962)在总结中国寒武系又加以综合和补充。这个地区出露的长山组和凤山组是我国上寒武统中、上部的标准,通用于我国寒武纪地层表上。但是,孙云铸在长山沟的长山组剖面掩盖甚多,上下关系不明,加之时间长,人工采石,剖面已很难找到;而在凤山的凤山组剖面,露头欠佳,厚度不详,还有构造关系,也难以测制剖面。1980—1981年,我们选择了距凤山东约1公里的巍山测制了上寒武统崮山组、长山组和凤山组的剖面,做为长山组     

寒武系全球排碧阶及芙蓉统底界的标准层型剖面和点位

国际地球科学联合会2003年2月批准了由中美科学家组成的联合研究小组的建立全球排碧阶和芙蓉统底界标准层型剖面和点位的提案,以我国地名命名的“排碧阶”和“芙蓉统”两个全球年代地层单位及其底界的全球层型正式确立,这是寒武系内所确立的第一个“金钉子”。排碧阶和芙蓉统分别是寒武系的首个全球阶级标准单位和首个全球统级标准单位。排碧阶和芙蓉统的共同底界的全球层型剖面位于湖南花垣排碧附近的四新村,底界划在该剖面花桥组底界之上369.06m,与球接子三叶虫Glyptagnostus retuculatus的首现一致。芙蓉统的建立,取代了长期使用的非正式年代地层单位“上寒武统”。     

全球寒武系芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界层型在我国确立

国际地球科学联合会最近批准了寒武纪全球年代地层单位芙蓉统和排碧阶及其底界的全球层型,层型剖面为中国湖南花垣排碧剖面. 寒武系在1835年由英国学者A.Sedgwick建立,以往没有全球统一的正式划分.为了解决寒武系年代地层再划分问题,国际地层委员会寒武系分会从1995年起,先后在摩洛哥、西班牙、加拿大、瑞典、美国、阿根廷、我国华南和法国举行了8次现场会议,寻找适合的剖面和点位.     

滇东南寒武系的划分与对比

滇东南是云南寒武系发育最全的一个地区,早、中、晚寒武世地层均有出露,特别是中、上寒武统生物群异常丰富,是我国扬子区研究寒武系比较理想的地区。早在20世纪初,法人戴普拉(J.Deprat,1915),满苏(H.Mansuy,1915,1916)在中越交界地区的长蓬、田蓬、董干等地发现寒武纪地层,并描述了其中所含的三叶虫动     

台江阶——我国寒武系一个新的年代地层单位

台江阶是继湘西建立的 4个中 -上寒武统新阶之后在我国江南斜坡带黔东传统的中寒武统下部建立的又一个新阶 ,它的底界层型剖面位于贵州台江县革东镇八郎村 ,底界划在 Oryctocephalus indicus的首现位置 ,位于凯里组下部第 10层之底。     

全球维宪阶与谢尔普霍夫阶界线层的生物地层研究进展及展望

牙形刺、有孔虫和菊石是全球维宪阶与谢尔普霍夫阶界线层生物地层研究的重要化石门类。该界线定义及其候选层型剖面目前均未正式确立。详细介绍并讨论以牙形刺或有孔虫作为界线定义的可能方案 ,指出潜在的候选层型剖面存在于南乌拉尔的 Verkhnyaya Kardailovka、北美犹太州中西部的 Chainm an组等 ,我国具有潜在研究价值的剖面有广西忻城里苗剖面、贵州水城滥坝老街水库剖面和罗甸纳水剖面     

Stratigraphy of the Middle Devonian boundary: Formal definition of the susceptibility magnetostratotype in Germany with comparisons to sections in the Czech Republic, Morocco and Spain

One major difficulty in geology is high-resolution correlation among widely separated sections, especially in the Paleozoic where magnetostratigraphy polarity is not well established because rocks are often remagnetized, where critical biostratigraphic zonation may be poor or lacking, or where structural complexities make correlations very difficult. To address this problem, we have been using magnetostratigraphy susceptibility measurements. Here, we report our work from the Middle Devonian in Europe and North Africa. The Middle Devonian (Emsian–Eifelian) global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP), located in the Eifel Hills, western Germany, was ratified by the International Subcommission on Stratigraphy in 1985, after careful evaluation of the biostratigraphy for this and many other sections. The boundary interval has been characterized using biostratigraphy, and the beginning of the Eifelian stage has been specifically defined by the first occurrence of the conodont Polygnathus costatus partitus. We have collected the Eifel Hills section for magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurement and here we establish it as the magnetostratotype for the Emsian–Eifelian stage boundary, by formally defining the magnetostratigraphy susceptibility for the section. We then collected, measured and compared the magnetostratotype to four other sections for which conodont biostratigraphy has been studied and where P. costatus partitus is present; two Emsian–Eifelian sections in Morocco and two sections in the Czech Republic (including the Emsian–Eifelian parastratotype). Finally, we have measured the MS for the El Puerto Creek section in the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain and identified the location of the Emsian–Eifelian boundary within the section based on MS comparison to the GSSP in conjunction with excellent biostratigraphic indicators, primarily brachiopods. While the conodont zonation in the El Puerto Creek section is poorly defined, we believe that the correspondence between the MS and biostratigraphy in the section allows the identification of the Emsian–Eifelian boundary. These results indicate that this method can be successfully applied to marine sequences where ambiguities in correlation exist.     

Biostratigraphic and Chemostratigraphic Correlation for the Base of the Middle Ordovician between Yichang and Western Zhejiang Areas, South China

The base of the Middle Ordovician (i.e. Dapingian Stage) has been defined at the first appearance datum (FAD) of conodont Baltoniodus? triangularis at Huanghuachang, Yichang, China, but the precise correlation of the boundary to regions of other facies remain to be resolved. Herein we review the biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the Huanghuachang Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) section, and present our latest stratigraphic work on the nearby Chenjiahe section in Yichang, and the Hengtang Quarry section, Jiangshan, Zhejiang, which is regarded as representative of slope facies. The conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy as well as chemostratigraphy of the Chenjiahe section indicate that the base of the Middle Ordovician also falls within the graptolite Azygograptus suecicus Zone, and coincides with a high or maximum δ13C value within a minor positive carbon isotope excursion, suggesting that the base boundary can be readily recognized across the entire Yangtze Gorges area. The integrated graptolite and conodont biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy of the Hengtang section, Jiangshan, indicates that the basal boundary probably falls within the graptolite Isograptus caduceus imitatus Zone that overlies the Azygograptus suecicus Zone, and coincides with a remarkable drop of δ13C. This difference indicates that a multi-disciplinary approach is critical to identify the base boundary in those regions where the Baltoniodus? triangularis is absent.     

Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian through Lowermost Ordovician in Hunan, South China

Since 1985, samples with a total weight of more than 14,000 kg, mainly from three key sections in western and northwestern Hunan, South China, have been processed for conodonts. In strata older than the late Late Cambrian paraconodonts have proved useful for stratigraphic subdivision and correlation. Thirteen conodont zones are proposed in the Middle Cambrian through lowermost Ordovician. The correlation between these zones and those of North China, western U. S.A., western Newfoundland, Canada, and Iran is discussed. In ascending order, these 13 zones are as follows: The Gapparodus bisulcatus-Westergaardodina brevidens Zone, Shandongodus priscus-Hunanognathus tricuspidatus Zone, Westergaardodina quadrata Zone, Westergaardodina matsushitai-W. grandidens Zone, Westergaardodina lui-W. am Zone, Westergaardodina cf. calix-Prooneotodus rotundatus Zone, Proconodontus tenuiserratus Zone, Proconodontus Zone, Eoconodontus Zone, Cordylodus proavus Zone, Cordylodus intermedius Zone, Cordylodus lindstromi Zone, and     

广西六景泥盆纪吉维阶-弗拉斯阶界线层牙形石生物地层

广西六景泥盆系剖面是我国泥盆系标准剖面之一 ,通过对其吉维阶 -弗拉斯阶界线上下地层进行详细的牙形石生物地层研究 ,自上而下识别出 12个牙形石带 :Palmatolepis jamieae带、Palmatolepis hassi带、Palmatolepispunctata带、Palmatolepistransitans带、上 Mesotaxisfalsiovalis带、下 Mesotaxisfalsiovalis带、Klapperina dispar-ilis带、上 Schmidtognathus hermanni- Polygnathus cristatus带、下 Schmidtognathus hermanni- Polygnathus cristatus带、上 Polygnathus varcus带、中 Polygnathus varcus带、下 Polygnathus varcus带。吉维阶 -弗拉斯阶界线 (即中 -上泥盆统界线 )由 Ancyrodella binodosa→ Ancyrodella rotundiloba early form→ Ancyrodella rotundiloba late form这一演化线系中的 Ancyrodella rotundiloba early form的首次出现确定 ,处于下 Mesotaxis falsiovalis带下部 ,在谷闭组底界之上 1.80 m处。