接触变质煤微形貌特征及成因分析

煤层作为岩石圈重要的碳库，被岩浆破坏和吞噬，直接加速了地质历史上岩石圈的碳循环。为揭示该过程中接触变质煤微形貌的变化过程和原因，本研究采集了皖北袁店二矿岩体外围不同热变质程度的接触变质煤样品，进行了煤质分析、可溶有机组分分离、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）、偏光显微镜(PLM)、扫描电镜(SEM)等实验。结果显示，趋近岩体，样品挥发份、氢、氮、可溶有机质含量减少；灰分产率和镜质组反射率增加；可溶芳烃当中萘系列相对含量降低，菲系列相对含量升高。未受影响煤和浅热变质煤显微组分主要由胶质结构体组成，后者裂隙发育。天然焦主要由镶嵌结构体组成，局部发育形状不规则的脱挥发孔，孔径多介于20μm×50μm至50μm×150μm。火夹焦主要由多孔炭和炭微球组成：多孔炭富含圆形-椭圆形气孔，孔径多介于0.5～3μm，炭微球群发育在裂隙以及气孔内壁上。分析表明，趋近岩体，煤层热变质程度持续增加：浅热变质煤是煤层受较弱热变质而脆性断裂的产物；天然焦是浅热变质煤脱挥发份、塑性形变所致；火夹焦是天然焦被岩浆进一步中间相化的结果。因此，本文认为，接触变质煤消失过程中微形貌的变化是煤岩组分热蚀变、脱挥发份、中间相化的...     

接触变质带煤的研究方法和焦化特征

闪长玢岩顺层侵入煤层使煤层广泛接触变质。用煤岩定量方法,鉴定统计煤焦混杂样中天然焦、焦化煤、正常煤三类颗粒含量,以此作出煤(分)层的利用评价。同时指出,接触变质带可分为5个带;正常煤带、裂隙带、熔融气泡带、镶嵌结构带、岩焦混合带。     

确山吴桂桥井田岩浆岩对煤层煤质的影响

吴柱桥井田喜山期岩浆活动剧烈，多以岩床形式顺层侵入煤层顶底板及煤层中间，对煤层赋存形态，结构煤质产生较大破坏影响，变质作用以接触变质为主，煤类复杂。接触变质带可进一步划分为岩焦混杂带、天然焦带、焦化煤带、正常煤带。     

岩浆热变质作用对临兴区块煤层气含量赋存影响

基于鄂尔多斯临兴区块的地质背景,分析了紫金山岩体的岩浆热变质作用及其对煤层气赋存的影响。燕山期是本区岩浆岩活动最强烈的地质时期,形成了紫金山岩体。靠近紫金山岩体,煤的变质程度快速升高,煤样镜质组最大反射率高达4.9%;围绕紫金山岩体,煤层的孔隙度、渗透率和煤层气含量呈现环带状展布特征,煤层气含量快速升高。研究认为:由叠加在深成变质作用基础上的岩浆热变质作用形成的高温烘烤作用下,岩浆热变质引起煤的二次生烃导致煤生气量增大和吸附性增强。     

襄汾矿区杨谈勘查区岩浆侵入特征及其对煤层的影响

以杨谈勘查区勘查成果为依据,通过对比分析,论述了区内岩浆岩的侵入特征及其对煤层的影响。区内岩浆主要以岩床形式由西南向东北侵入煤系,岩性主要为闪长玢岩,厚度呈南厚北薄的特点。区内共有7层煤不同程度的受到岩浆侵入影响,多沿煤层顶、底板侵入。岩浆侵入加大了含煤地层厚度及煤层间距,同时使煤层的变质程度进一步加深,局部变质为热变煤或天然焦,煤层灰分、碳含量增加,挥发分、氢含量有所降低。     

山西沁水盆地南部3号煤层储集空间特征与变质程度的关系

煤岩的变质程度影响着煤层的储集空间特征,对煤岩的孔隙度,渗透率以及煤岩微裂缝的发育都有重要影响。为了研究两者的关系,选取山西沁水盆地南部不同矿区有代表性的3号煤层,对不同变质程度煤样的镜质体反射率（R0）、孔隙度、渗透率进行了测试并对煤储集空间类型和结构进行扫描电镜观察。研究结果表明：3号煤层储集空间类型主要为孔隙和微裂缝;当R0小于2.4%,孔隙度、渗透率与R0呈负相关,R0大于2.4%时,孔隙度、渗透率与R0呈正相关,R0为2.4%可能是煤岩变质程度对煤岩孔隙度、渗透率影响的关键期,在高变质程度煤岩中孔隙度与渗透率的升高是由微裂缝的发育引起的,并且随着R0的增加,微裂缝发育程度增大。     

淮北石台煤矿接触变质煤速热碳化的微组构解译

作为岩浆吞噬煤层的信息记录者和物质承载者,接触变质煤是揭示煤层速热碳化过程和机理的重要研究对象。为此,本研究采集了淮北石台煤矿不同热变质程度的接触变质煤样品,利用镜质组反射率测试、元素分析、工业分析、偏光显微镜(PLM)和扫描电镜(SEM)等实验手段,表征其微组构特征,以期揭示煤层速热碳化的机理和过程。结果显示,从未受影响煤、浅热变质煤到天然焦,样品最大镜质组反射率、灰分产率升高,氢、氮元素以及挥发分含量降低。未受影响煤显微组分以胶质结构体为主,局部发育丝质体;浅热变质煤中裂隙发育、少见脱挥发孔;靠近岩体的块状天然焦中镶嵌结构炭和脱挥发孔发育,孔径多介于20~150 μm;岩体内的细脉状天然焦,主要由多孔炭和炭微球组成,富含圆形—椭圆形气孔,孔径多介于1~3 μm。分析表明,趋近岩体,接触变质煤热变质程度连续增加：浅热变质煤是煤层受较弱热变质而脆性断裂的结果;天然焦是浅热变质煤热解脱挥发分和中间相化的产物;至岩体附近,天然焦被液化成多孔炭和炭微球,后二者最终被氧化为气态碳氧化物而消失。我们认为,岩浆接触变质煤速热碳化的实质就是固态煤岩被岩浆热解而中间相化、液化和氧化气化的过程。     

重庆地区二叠系上统龙潭组/吴家坪组煤变质规律及其对煤层含气量的影响

通过对重庆地区煤炭资源勘查资料总结,分析了二叠系煤类分布特征,并探讨了煤变质对煤层含气量的影响。分析认为,重庆地区二叠系煤层主要以高、中变质煤的无烟煤、贫煤和瘦煤为主,煤类分布具有明显的分带性,煤变质作用以区域深成变质类型为主;煤的变质程度R0为1.39%~2.51%,处于吸附能力较强的阶段,因此煤层含气量较高,其中松藻矿区无烟煤R0为2.43%~2.51%,煤层含气量达27.1m3/t。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘煤层气成藏条件研究

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘发育石炭-二叠纪和侏罗纪两套含煤岩系,由北向南发育五大煤田,煤层发育,厚度较大,煤炭资源量丰富。石炭-二叠系煤层煤级高,Ro值为0.51%~1.89%,均值为0.95%,以肥煤、焦煤、无烟煤为主,宏观煤岩成分以暗煤和亮煤为主,煤岩类型主要为半亮煤和半暗煤;侏罗系煤层煤级低,Ro值为0.5%~2.7%,均值为0.72%,以气煤、不黏煤、长焰煤为主,宏观煤岩成分以暗煤为主,煤岩类型主要为半暗煤和暗淡煤为主。两套煤层煤岩显微组分均以镜质组和壳质组为主,属于Ⅲ型(腐殖型)有机质,煤的变质程度均为低成熟到高成熟阶段,具有良好的生气潜能,以生成湿气为主。侏罗系煤层孔隙度高于石炭-二叠系煤层,而石炭-二叠系煤层吸附性能强于侏罗系煤层,煤层含气性较好。     

五轮山矿区可采煤层地质特征及含气性

贵州省五轮山矿区的含煤地层为龙潭组,钻孔煤心化验资料和瓦斯解吸数据、煤样压汞试验表明,可采煤层显微煤岩类型以微镜惰煤为主,煤化作用符合深成变质作用的一般规律,煤体原生结构煤占优势。主煤层孔隙结构特征的孔容和孔表面积差异较大,因此可采煤层含气较高,解吸能力相对较弱。     

Changes in optical properties, chemistry, and micropore and mesopore characteristics of bituminous coal at the contact with dikes in the Illinois Basin

Changes in high-volatile bituminous coal (Pennsylvanian) near contacts with two volcanic intrusions in Illinois were investigated with respect to optical properties, coal chemistry, and coal pore structure. Vitrinite reflectance (R_o) increases from 0.62% to 5.03% within a distance of 5.5 m from the larger dike, and from 0.63% to 3.71% within 3.3 m from the small dike. Elemental chemistry of the coal shows distinct reductions in hydrogen and nitrogen content close to the intrusions. No trend was observed for total sulfur content, but decreases in sulfate content towards the dikes indicate thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Contact-metamorphism has a dramatic effect on coal porosity, and microporosity in particular. Around the large dike, the micropore volume, after a slight initial increase, progressively decreases from 0.0417 cm³/g in coal situated 4.7 m from the intrusive contact to 0.0126 cm³/g at the contact. Strongly decreasing mesopore and micropore volumes in the altered zone, together with frequent cleat and fracture filling by calcite, indicate deteriorating conditions for both coalbed gas sorption and gas transmissibility.     

Thermal alteration of coal in the Khasyn coalfield, Magadan region, Russia

The Early Cretaceous coal deposits of the Khasyn coalfield are intruded by Palaeogene diabase dikes. The coal has vitrinite reflectance values of 2.0–2.5% R_o, and characteristics of normal anthracite at some distance from the dikes, but at direct contact with the dike two morphological coal varieties occur: coal inclusions in the diabase dike and dispersed carbonaceous matter within the dike rock. Both types of coaly matter have properties typical of anthracites: strong anisotropy, altered internal structure and high vitrinite reflectance values ranging from 3.8 to 5.5% R_o. The X-ray diffraction measurements of the interplanar spacing d(002) and the crystallite sizes Lc and La show rather similar values for coal inclusions in the dike and dispersed carbonaceous matter. The additional reflection at 3.37 Å, corresponding to semi-graphite admixture, occurs in the coal and carbonaceous matter inside the dike and is absent in the natural coal outside the dike.     

Early Eocene leucocratic sill/dike swarms in the Gangdese belt,southern Tibet: Tectonic implications for Indo-Asian collision

The timing of the initial Indo-Asian collision is a subject of debate for a long time. Besides, the magmatic trace of the collisional process is also unclear. In the present study, the authors report Early Eocene leucocratic sill/dike swarms in the northern edge of the Nymo intrusive complex of the Gangdese belt, southern Tibet. The Nymo intrusive complex was emplaced at ca. 50 –47 Ma and surrounded by the metamorphosed Jurassic-aged Bima Formation volcano-sedimentary sequence along its northern side. At outcrops, the leucocratic sills/dikes intruded along or truncated the deformed foliations of the host Bima Formation, which has been subject to high-temperature amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ca. 50 –47 Ma. Detailed cathodoluminescence image analyses reveal that the zircon grains of the leucocratic sills/dikes have core-mantle textures. The cores yield the Jurassic ages comparable to the protolith ages of the Bima Formation. In contrast, the mantles of zircon grains yield weighted mean ages of ca. 49–47 Ma, representing the crystallization timing of these leucocratic sills/dikes. The coeval ages for the Nymo intrusive complex, the high-temperature metamorphism, and the leucocratic sills/dikes indicate that a close relationship exists among them. The authors tentatively suggest that these leucocratic sills/dikes were generated from partial melting of the Jurassic-aged Bima Formation volcanic rocks, triggered by the high heat from the magma chamber of the Nymo intrusive complex. This Early Eocene tectono-thermal event of coeval magmatism, metamorphism and partial melting was most likely formed during the Indo-Asian collisional setting.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Geochemical and petrological aspects of dike intrusions in the Lycian ophiolites (SW Turkey): a case study for the dike emplacement along the Tauride Belt Ophiolites

Lycian ophiolites located in the Western Taurides, are cut at all structural levels by dolerite and gabbro dikes. The dolerite dikes from this area are both pristine and metamorphosed. The non-metamorphosed dikes are observed both in the peridotites and in the metamorphic sole rocks. Accordingly, the non-metamorphosed dikes cutting the metamorphic sole were generated after cooling of the metamorphic sole rocks. The metamorphosed dolerite dikes are only observed in the peridotites. The physical conditions and timing of the metamorphism for the metamorphosed dolerite dikes are similar to those of the metamorphic sole rocks of the Lycian ophiolites suggesting that the metamorphosed dolerite dikes were metamorphosed together with the metamorphic sole rocks. Therefore, the dike injections in the western part of the Tauride Belt Ophiolites occurred before and after the generation of the metamorphic sole rocks. All metamorphosed and non-metamorphosed dikes are considered to have the same origin and all of them are subduction-related as inferred from whole-rock geochemistry and lead isotopes. Lead isotope compositions of whole rocks of both dike groups cluster in a narrow field in conventional Pb isotope diagrams (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.40–18.64; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.56–15.58; ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.23–38.56) indicating a derivation from an isotopically homogeneous source. On the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb versus ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb diagram, isotope compositions of the dikes plot slightly below the orogen curve suggesting contributions from mantle reservoir enriched by subducted oceanic lithosphere. Such a signature is typical of island arc magmatic rocks and supports the formation of the investigated rocks in a subduction-related environment.     

辽东翁泉沟硼矿区二长花岗岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄及对成矿时代的制约

辽东地区翁泉沟硼矿区露天采场产出一条切穿硼矿体的二长花岗岩脉.本研究采集了该二长花岗岩脉的薄片、化学分析样品,并进行锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年代学测试分析.该二长花岗岩脉具有高SiO₂含量,为71.82%~75.68%,较高的Na₂O+K₂O含量,为8.41%~10.57%,属钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩.岩脉中锆石颗粒呈自形柱状,CL图中较黑,因铀含量较高引起.U-Pb上交点年龄为1842±29Ma,其中9个测点得出1842±30Ma的加权平均年龄,反映了该花岗岩脉侵位于古元古代晚期,同时翁泉沟硼镁铁矿成矿应早于该时代.此年龄与前人研究古元古代胶辽吉造山过程中变质作用峰后时间相吻合,反映了古元古代造山作用过程中伴随了硼矿成矿事件.     

Flexural Slip in an Anticlinal Plungeout as a Mechanism for Dike Offsets: Nahal Ardon Valley,Ramon National Geological Park,Israel

This paper investigates the flexural-slip mechanism in a dome-shaped termination of an anticlinal fold. The flexural slip in the area is expressed by regular offsets of dikes at the contact with a sill, and by many small-scale detachment structures in layered strata. The flexural slip structures are localized in two stratigraphic levels, marking two slip horizons. The lower horizon is located at the top of the Triassic sequence, at the contact between the competent Triassic dolostone and the soft Jurassic strata, which are rich in clay. The upper slip horizon is located within the Jurassic strata at the level of a basaltic sill. The interval between the two slip horizons (32 m) is almost undeformed. Kinematic indicators demonstrate that the slip verges toward the center of the dome structure of the Ramon anticline, and coincides with the directions of the dike offsets. The structural observations suggest that beddingplane slip is the result of flexural-slip folding of the Ramon anticline. The directions in which the dikes are shifted depend upon both the orientations of the slip vector and the dike trends. Amounts of flexural slip, reflected in the dike offsets at the contact with the sill, were calculated as a function of strata dips and thickness of the beds between slip horizons. Estimated and measured magnitudes of displacement are in agreement (± 16%) for the 7 observed dikes.     

Metamorphism of mafic dikes from the central White-Inyo Range, eastern California

Thin mafic dikes, possibly correlative with the Independence dike swarm of SE California, transect uppermost Proterozoic–Cambrian metasedimentary strata in the White-Inyo Range. Textures and bulk-rock chemistry indicate that the protoliths were diabases and microdiorites, accompanied by Ca + Mg + Fe +Ni + Cr-rich hornblende (± minor augite) cumulates. Analytical data suggest crystal settling and fractionation at shallow depths. Most of the dikes lie in the mapped aureoles of – and were metamorphosed by – voluminous Late Jurassic granitoid plutons; however, a few metadikes cut these plutons and must have been recrystallized during the emplacement of Cretaceous granitic stocks. The mafic metadikes thus include members of two or more temporally distinct suites, pre-Late Jurassic, and latest Jurassic–Cretaceous. Neoblastic mineral assemblages and element partitioning within these nonfoliated mafic metadikes reflect lower-to-upper greenschist facies overprints; metamorphic parageneses, coincident with those developed in the metasedimentary wallrocks, are defined by the production of chlorite, biotite, white mica, epidote, and actinolite, and by albitization of the igneous plagioclase. Based on analytical and mineralogic data obtained in this study, the following conclusions regarding subsolidus recrystallization of the mafic metadikes are advanced: (1) Newly grown minerals and phase assemblages are systematic in their areal distributions. (2) Metamorphic grade increases chiefly toward the north and east, toward the Late Jurassic granitoids. (3) Element fractionation among coexisting neoblastic phases is regular, and compatible with a close approach to chemical equilibrium. (4) Assemblages 3–5 km from the granitic intrusive contacts reflect lowermost greenschist facies physical conditions. (5) Investigated mafic dikes exhibit mineral parageneses isofacial with the regional/contact metamorphic assemblages previously documented for the enclosing pre-Mesozoic clastic country rocks. Clearly, mafic dikes of several ages of injection and recrystallization are present in the central White-Inyo Range, making correlation with the Independence dike swarm problematic. In any case, the dikes record localized contact metamorphism that took place sporadically over portions of an approximately 100 million year interval. Received: 13 March 1996 / Accepted: 24 December 1996     

淮北朔里煤矿岩床附近煤的光学性质和稀土元素分布特征

运用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、离子选择电极(ISE)、显微镜光度计和煤化学等方法,研究安徽淮北朔里煤矿5号煤层与侵入岩浆岩(岩床)接触面附近煤的光学性质和稀土元素分布特征。结果显示,与岩床直接接触的热变质煤在光学上显示天然焦的典型特征,除惰质组以外的显微组分大都变成了较粗大颗粒状镶嵌结构体,各向异性显著,小球体发育,微气孔很发育;与岩床间接接触(岩床之下)的热变质煤镶嵌结构体变细,各向异性变弱,微气孔不发育,未见小球体。研究还发现,从岩床下边缘至煤层底板泥岩表面的8个煤分层都显示铈(Ce)严重亏损的特征;在稀土元素标准化曲线上,Ce负异常"V"型谷非常显目,表明岩浆的高温将煤中原来的Ce3+氧化成Ce4+而与其它三价稀土元素(RE3+)发生了分离。数据显示,在朔里煤矿岩床接触变质煤中,稀土元素丰度与煤的灰分产率没有显著的相关性,表明岩浆熔体中的微量元素迁移到周围煤中并未造成灰分产率大量提高。     

藏北永珠席状岩墙群的发现--海底扩张的证据

新发现的永珠席状岩墙群位于西藏北部班公错一怒江缝合带与雅鲁藏布江缝合带之间。永珠席状岩墙群规模之大、结构之完整在国内尚属罕见。岩石由蚀变辉绿岩、辉长岩扣辉绿玢岩岩墙组成，向上与枕状玄武岩呈渐变过渡扣侵入接触关系，发育有单侧或双侧冷凝边，具高CaO、Al2O3、MgO、FeO、Fe2O3，低TiO2、P2O5的特点，为亚碱性系列岩石。微量元素主要显示MORB的特征，部分判别图显示MORB扣岛弧拉斑玄武岩（IAT）的过渡特征，推测可能产于弧后盆地环境。依据上覆放射虫硅质岩的时代扣枕状玄武岩、岩墙群同位素年龄，确定永珠席状岩墙群形成的时间可能为中休罗世-早白垩世。这一发现为中特提斯海时期古海底扩张提供了新的证据。     

大别山超高压变质带中型花A岗岩确定及成因探讨

大别山超高压带中变质花岗岩特征：（１） 岩石组合较单一,以二长花岗岩（ 原岩） 为主,缺乏中基性岩和正长岩类;（２） 具鳞片花岗变晶结构,片麻状构造,保留残存的岩浆岩组构;（３） 与榴辉岩及其它超高压变质岩石有明显侵入接触关系,并可见有其捕虏体;（４） 岩石化学表现为富硅、富碱、贫钙、贫镁等特征,一般地ＳｉＯ２ ＞ ７６ ％ ,（ Ｎａ２ Ｏ＋ Ｋ２ Ｏ） ＞ ８ ％ ,ＣａＯ＜ ０ ．５ ％ ,ＭｇＯ ＜ ０ ．４ ％ ;（５） 痕量元素表现为Ｚｒ 、Ｙ、Ｎｂ 、ＲＥＥ 含量高,Ｓｒ 、Ｓｃ 、Ｖ、Ｎｉ 等低;（６） 变质矿物组合为斜长石＋ 石英＋ 钾长石＋ 白云母＋ 石榴石＋ 绿帘石,属于低角闪岩相。（７） 锆石Ｕ － Ｐｂ 同位素年龄值为６８５ ±４１ Ｍａ 。大别山超高压变质带中变质花岗岩为Ａ 型花岗岩,更接近Ａ２ 亚类。变质Ａ 型花岗岩的确定,对进一步认识大别山的大地构造演化、榴辉岩等超高压变质带的形成、折返机制等提供了重要地质依据。