华南两种类型花岗岩成岩-成矿作用的差异

华南地区主要产出两种类型的花岗岩类，一是壳源的陆壳重熔型花岗岩类，二是壳-幔混源的钙碱型浅成花岗岩类。二者不仅在成因上有很大差别，在成矿作用上也明显不同。本文通过实例，探讨了这两种类型花岗岩在成岩-成矿关系上的差异。研究表明，陆壳重熔型花岗岩类的成岩与对应的成矿作用之间存在着明显的时间差，以南岭地区为例，在燕山中期第一阶段170~150 Ma达到高潮的陆壳重熔型花岗岩类，其相关的钨锡等稀有金属矿化多发生在燕山中期第二阶段150~139 Ma，成岩与成矿相差10~20 Ma，这一时间差反映了这类花岗岩成岩作用与成矿作用之间在物质来源和地质构造背景等方面的差异。而那些壳-幔混源的钙碱型浅成花岗岩类，由于其成岩时就具备这种条件，因此成岩-成矿基本同时，没有明显的时间差。由此可见，大规模金属成矿作用主要与拉张的动力学背景、壳-幔相互作用、高的热流值，以及深部流体的参与密切相关。     

南岭中生代陆壳重熔型花岗岩类成岩成矿的有关问题

南岭是中国重要的钨锡多金属成矿带。岩浆活动及成矿作用具有多阶段性的特点，成岩成矿作用具有统一的地质背景及构造应力场。陆壳重熔型花岗岩类不同成岩阶段具有极为一致的稀土元素分布模式，暗示它们的定位和冷却都是在深部同源岩浆分异事件中形成的；岩石和矿石稀土球粒陨石标准化曲线有着相似的变化特征，反映成矿与岩浆活动有着密切的成因联系，物质来源上具有一致性；矿石硫化物和岩石长石Pb同位素组成相近，显示成岩成矿物质有明显的亲缘关系。结合多数情况下矿脉切穿已固结岩体的地质事实，推测燕山中期陆壳重熔型花岗岩类成岩成矿物质主体来自深部同一岩浆源区，为同源岩浆分异演化不同阶段的产物；燕山晚期花岗质火山-侵入杂岩与相关锡铀矿化空间上密切伴生，物质来源也具同源性。典型复式岩体同源岩浆不同阶段侵位及相匹配的成矿作用时差一般小于10．0Ma，集中在0～8．0Ma。结合华南中生代岩石圈多次伸展活动的区域背景及矿床（田）地质特征，推测南岭地区的多阶段成岩成矿作用是脉动式构造演化的产物，成岩成矿物质来自深部同一岩浆房的不同演化阶段。     

南岭与中生代花岗岩类有关的成矿作用及其大地构造背景

由于受到来自印支半岛的挤压,在华南内部发生了以碰撞-挤压-推覆-隆升为主的印支造山运动。南岭地区印支期花岗岩（240～205Ma）主要形成于碰撞及“后碰撞”（post-collision）的动力学环境,但没有造成大规模的金属成矿作用。南岭地区从燕山期进入后造山（post-orogeny）地球动力学环境。从花岗岩类的成矿学特征及其大陆动力学背景出发,尝试把燕山期划分为早、中,晚三期。南岭地区燕山早期（185～170Ma）出现了玄武质岩浆活动、双峰式岩浆活动、A型花岗岩及板内高钾钙碱性岩浆活动,反映了岩石圈的局部“伸展一裂解”和地幔物质的上涌,伴随Pb,Zn,Cu,Au成矿作用。燕山中期南岭地区岩石圈全面拉张一减薄,地幔上涌一玄武质岩浆底侵引发大规模的地壳熔融,导致大范围陆壳重熔型花岗岩的生成。该期的第一阶段（170～150Ma）以大规模花岗岩类侵位为主,第二阶段（150～140Ma）花岗岩类活动很少,却发生了W,Sn及其他稀有金属的大规模成矿作用。燕山晚期虽然是华南地区岩石圈全面发生裂解的时期,但由于受太平洋构造体系的影响,在南岭东端至东南沿海广大地区,燕山晚期（140～65Ma）出现了先挤压、后拉张的动力学背景,在100Ma前形成的钙碱性和橄榄安粗两个系列的岩浆活动,伴随Au,Ag,Pb—Zn,Cu,（Mo,Sn）等成矿作用。而在南岭地区,该时期花岗质火山-侵入杂岩及基性岩脉等广泛发育,有关的成矿作用以火山岩型U矿、斑岩型Sn矿,以及印支期花岗岩中的铀活化成矿作用为特征。     

华东地区燕山期花岗质岩浆与成矿作用关系研究

华东地区是我国重要的钨、铜、铁、钼、金、银、铀、铅、锌等多种金属矿产的产业基地。本文系统总结了华东地区钦杭成矿带和武夷山成矿带等重要多金属成矿带的燕山期岩浆活动与成矿作用的时空演化规律,提出燕山期区域成岩成矿作用可划分为早、晚两期四个阶段。(1)燕山早期早阶段(180~165Ma),以I型花岗岩及埃达克质岩石为主,主要分布在钦杭结合带东段以及武夷山成矿带的闽西南坳陷区内,形成一系列斑岩型及矽卡岩型铜铅锌银多金属矿床;其中埃达克质岩是俯冲板块挤压环境下加厚(或拆沉)下地壳重熔的产物;(2)燕山早期晚阶段(165~140Ma),以S型花岗岩以及钨锡、铌钽矿床为主,主要分布于南岭成矿带,另有少量非埃达克质I型花岗岩;(3)燕山晚期早阶段(145~120Ma),为区域由挤压向伸展过渡的构造转换期,在古太平洋板块斜向俯冲所导致的大规模伸展背景下,产生了S型与I-A型花岗岩共生的局面,其中S型火山-侵入杂岩与火山热液型铀铅锌矿床关系密切;在钦杭结合带东段一线出现A型花岗岩以及伴生的钨锡铌钽矿化,其年龄(135~125Ma)略晚于S型火山-侵入杂岩,在武夷山地区岩石类型则以I型为主,并与矽卡岩型以及石英脉型钨锡铁钼矿有关;(4)燕山晚期晚阶段(120~90Ma),在强烈的伸展背景以及俯冲带向洋迁移作用下,成岩成矿事件集中在武夷山以东的沿海地区,以出现晶洞花岗岩、过碱性花岗岩等高温、浅成、高分异花岗岩类为特征,但金属成矿作用则大多与富钾的I型花岗岩类有关,在多个矿集区内形成大量的浅成低温热液型铜金银矿床。钦杭成矿带和武夷成矿带之间的成岩-成矿时空差异性主要受控于古太平洋板块俯冲过程及基底物质组成。     

南岭与中生代花岗岩类有关的成矿作用及其大地构造背景

受到来自印支半岛的挤压，华南发生了以碰撞-挤压-推覆-隆升为主的印支造山运动。本文从花岗岩类的成矿学特征及其大陆动力学背景出发，把燕山期划分为早、中、晚三期。南岭地区燕山早期（～185～170Ma）出现玄武质岩浆活动、双峰式岩浆活动、A型花岗岩及板内高钾钙碱性岩浆活动，反映了岩石圈的局部“伸展-裂解”和地幔物质的上涌，伴随Pb、Zn、Cu、Au成矿作用。燕山中期第一阶段（～170～150Ma）南岭地区岩石圈全面拉张-减薄，地幔上涌-玄武质岩浆底侵引发大规模的地壳熔融，形成大量陆壳重熔型花岗岩类；     

江西崇义淘锡坑钨矿区煌斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年及地质意义

淘锡坑钨矿床是赣南崇(义)-(大)余-(上)犹钨锡多金属成矿带上重要的石英脉型钨矿床,深部存在与成矿关系密切的燕山期花岗岩体。本次研究在详细野外调查和岩相学研究基础上,首次在淘锡坑钨矿区发现煌斑岩脉,岩石定名为闪辉正煌岩,属于钙碱性钾质低钛煌斑岩,地球化学特征显示强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti等高场强元素,相对富集Rb、Ba、Sr、Pb等大离子亲石元素和高场强元素LREE的特征。利用LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年,获得两组年龄,223.3~228.5 Ma可能代表了煌斑岩浆中所捕获锆石的年龄,说明区内存在印支期岩浆活动;158.2~159.6 Ma为煌斑岩脉的侵入年龄。该煌斑岩的侵位是与燕山期(170~150 Ma)南岭地区岩石圈发生全面伸展-减薄,大规模陆壳重熔型花岗岩类产出相伴随,记录了本区存在印支期和燕山期两期岩浆活动,是南岭中生代大规模岩浆活动同一构造背景下的产物。     

粤北连平地区钨锡多金属矿床成矿时代研究

粤北连平地区钨锡多金属矿床类型主要为石英脉型.采用云母Ar-Ar法和石英包裹体Rb-Sr法.分别获得:锯板坑含钨锡石英脉中的云母Ar-Ar坪年龄为(139.2±1.5)Ma(等时线年龄为143.6±3.9 Ma,MSWD:0.30):鸡啼石含钨石英脉中石英包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(155.4±5.1)Ma(MSWD=2.1).结果表明该区存在燕山早期和燕山早晚过渡期两期钨锡多金属成矿作用,并且认为:(1)鸡啼石钨矿为南岭地区中生代大规模成岩成矿作用高峰期(150～160 Ma)的产物;(2)南岭地区140 Ma左右也有大型钨锡多金属矿的形成.这一成果为研究区域成矿规律,指导区域找矿提供了重要同位素年代学依据.     

赣南白鹅花岗岩中锆石特征和年龄及其对多期次成矿的指示意义

白鹅花岗岩体位于赣南于山成矿带中东部,其相关成岩年代学数据目前尚未见报道。应用激光剥蚀-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-MC-ICPMS)测定该岩体具有两组成岩年龄,分别为(174.1±5.4)Ma和(152.4±1.4)Ma,表明白鹅花岗岩体至少经历两次构造岩浆活动,第一次发生在燕山早期第二阶段(170～180 Ma);第二次发生在燕山早期第三阶段(150～165 Ma),两次岩浆活动相差约22 Ma。结合已有的调查研究成果认为,白鹅花岗岩体的形成与印支造山运动后壳幔相互作用引起的岩石圈伸展、陆壳部分熔融有关。两次岩浆活动均发生在华南地区两次大规模成矿作用时间内,预示了该岩体具有较好的找矿前景;而第二次岩浆活动发生在南岭(尤其是赣南)钨锡等主要矿产的成矿高峰期,相对第一次具有更好的成矿潜力。根据于山成矿带其他岩体的成岩信息对比,白鹅花岗岩体可能也曾发生印支期岩浆活动。     

赣南中生代淘锡坑钨矿区花岗岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及石英脉Rb-Sr年龄测定

江西省崇义县淘锡坑钨矿区位于南岭东西向构造带东段与武夷山北东—北北东向构造带南段的复合部位,属于以石英脉型黑钨矿为主的钨多金属矿床。矿床形成与燕山期中酸性岩浆作用有密切关系,石英矿脉受北西向断裂控制,穿切新元古代地层。文章选取钻孔揭露的底部新鲜花岗岩样品2件,用SHRIMP方法测定锆石的结晶年龄,结果分别为(158.7±3.9)Ma和(157.6±3.5)Ma;对3件含黑钨矿石英脉样品中石英的流体包裹体进行了Rb-Sr等时线年龄测定,结果分别为(154±4)Ma、(157±3)Ma和(161±4)Ma。与前人用Re-Os法测定的辉钼矿(154Ma)比较,发现花岗岩的成岩年龄与含矿石英脉、钨矿的形成年龄相同,成岩、成矿作用几乎同时完成。综合前人研究资料,认为南岭地区160~150Ma成岩成矿作用主要分布于南岭中东段,可能与岩石圈大规模伸展的构造动力学背景有关。     

南岭地区锡（钨）矿成矿规律及找矿

南岭地区燕山期花岗岩可分为壳源重熔及其分异型（C 型）、壳幔混合及其分异型（H 型）和铝质A 型花岗岩三大类。 原生锡矿（包括云英岩型、变花岗岩型、矽卡岩型、石英脉型、破碎带蚀变岩型和斑岩型六个主要类型）与H 型和铝质A 型花岗岩关系密切。本区矿床（点）主要沿古板块结合带、大型隆起区与坳陷区结合部、深大断裂（带）等三个部位分布, 具体分布在一带（NE 向锡田-骑田岭-九嶷山-花山、姑婆山钨锡多金属成矿带）和六区（康家湾-大义山锡多金属成矿 集中区、都庞岭锡多金属成矿集中区、粤北赣南锡多金属成矿集中区、湘东赣西锡钨多金属成矿集中区、丹池锡铅锌多金 属成矿集中区、九万大山锡多金属成矿集中区）。南岭地区从晋宁期到燕山晚期均有与花岗岩有关的锡矿床（点）形成,其 中,燕山期150~160 Ma 为南岭成岩成矿高峰期。提出南岭成矿带作为找矿重点的11 个找矿远景区,具体找矿工作应围绕以 下几个方向展开：（1）老矿山的深部及外围找矿;（2）深入岩基找矿;（3）隐伏花岗岩分布区找矿;（4）区域性不同方向 构造带交汇地带找矿;（5）寒武系与泥盆系不整合面附近有望找到破碎带蚀变岩型（底砾岩型）钨锡矿;（6）远离花岗岩 岩体破碎带蚀变岩型钨锡矿的寻找。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Metals,arsenic, and sulfur in the Aue and Eibenstock granites,Erzgebirge

Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola, the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO _Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with a KO _Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively. The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits. Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp. 967–982.     

Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place

This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group.     

Total mercury and monomethylmercury in water, sediments, and hydrophytes from the rivers, estuary, and bay along the Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China

Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg⁻¹) and water (39–2700 ng L⁻¹) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg⁻¹, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L⁻¹ in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L⁻¹. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg⁻¹ and 0.15 to 12 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea.     

Distribution of REE,LILE, and HFSE between biotite,feldspar, and the melt in the granulite facies migmatite,nimnyr block,Aldan shield

The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt D_i^min/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE D_i are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially D_i for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the D_i of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Dielectric constants of apatite,epidote, vesuvianite,and zoisite,and the oxide additivity rule

The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ _a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ _c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ _a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ _c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ _a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ _b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ _a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ _b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ _c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ ₁₁= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ ₂₂=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ ₃₃= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ _a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ _c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ _a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ _c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α _D (mineral)=∑ α _D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (V_o) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of V_o in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect.