沙特阿拉伯Jabal Twalah地区铀/钍矿化特征与成矿机制

目前,沙特阿拉伯西北部Jabal Twalah地区铀钍资源勘查程度较低,对该地区的铀成矿机制研究相对薄弱.本文主要对该地区新发现的伟晶岩型和花岗岩热液型铀矿化带的矿化特征和成矿机制开展研究.区内与铀钍矿化相关的伟晶岩和围岩花岗岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为638.6±3.2 Ma和632.5±1.5 Ma,两者时代基本一致.综合岩相学、地球化学以及扫描电镜能谱分析等研究结果,发现矿化伟晶岩强烈富集U、Th、稀土及稀有金属元素,复杂的高温蚀变矿物组合特征暗示可能经历了岩浆期后热液的改造,改造前后矿化伟晶岩中的铀和钍未发生分离,以副矿物形式存在而无独立铀矿物,具岩浆矿物组合的特征,如金红石、锆石、氟碳铈矿、磷钇矿、钍石等.花岗岩热液型单铀矿化带的地表样品中铀矿物主要为硅铅铀矿和硅钙铀矿,脉石矿物主要为赤铁矿、萤石、石英以及少量方解石,铀矿化受控于高铀含量的碱性花岗岩、强烈硅化构造破碎带以及晚期酸性基性脉岩活动等因素.强烈硅化的构造破碎带及其转折部位或者与脉岩交汇部位是今后重要的找矿方向.     

广西栗木锡钨铌钽矿床岩浆液态不混溶作用及其与矿化的关系

锡钨多金属矿化多与Li-F碱长花岗岩有关,其岩浆演化晚期常发生较大规模的液态分异作用。广西栗木锡钨铌钽矿与成矿有关的岩体包括肉红色中粒碱长花岗岩以及顶部的白色细粒碱长花岗岩。矿化产于碱长花岗岩顶部附近,主要矿化类型包括花岗岩型钨锡铌钽矿化、似伟晶岩型钨矿化、长石石英脉型钨矿化和石英脉型钨锡矿化。碱长花岗岩中存在大量岩浆液态不混溶现象,包括矿囊、似伟晶岩和细晶岩等。地质地球化学研究发现,岩浆液态不混溶作用贯穿于栗木碱长花岗岩分异演化的全过程,矿囊代表岩体中富含钨锡和挥发份的岩浆,岩体顶部的似伟晶岩和细晶岩是碱长花岗岩岩浆分异的结果。在岩浆液态不混溶作用过程中,W、Sn、Nb、Ta等成矿元素以及挥发份不断富集,形成岩浆岩型、长英质脉型以及石英脉型矿化。不同类型的矿化对应岩浆液态不混溶作用的不同阶段,由此建立了栗木矿床岩浆液态不混溶的成矿演化模型。     

热液铍矿床

多年来一直认为,铍主要是在与花岗岩有关的高温伟晶岩和云英岩矿床内才能富集,其中绿柱石是主要镀矿物。自从改变找矿方针,开始寻找中低温的硅铍石矿床以来,发现了各种类型的铍矿化,其中最有价值的是含硅铍石的蚀变火山岩和硅铍石—萤石建造的交代岩。最富的矿床形成于弱碱性和碱性花岗岩类小岩体的侵入体上部地段。岩体产于碳酸盐岩石或基性岩之中。矿化赋存在岩性有利层位范围内的各种岩脉(微正长岩、闪长玢岩等)的交汇或结合处。当灰岩与硅     

河南官坡花岗伟晶岩地质与地球化学特征

河南省官坡镇境内出露大量花岗伟晶岩脉,部分花岗伟晶岩脉发育稀有金属或稀有多金属矿化,具有稀有金属找矿潜力和研究价值。通过野外地质调查、岩相学观察和元素地球化学分析,对官坡花岗伟晶岩的特征和成因进行研究。结果显示: 官坡花岗伟晶岩脉具有分布集中、延伸稳定、规模较大、结构带发育完整、物质组成复杂的特点; 花岗伟晶岩主量元素具有高硅、富碱、过铝质及低铁、镁、钙和钛的特点,在成因上可能与灰池子花岗岩具有亲缘性,推测是该花岗岩高度演化后的产物。该研究进一步提高了对该区花岗伟晶岩的研究程度,为区内稀有金属矿勘查提供借鉴。     

华阳川铀多金属矿床铀成矿地质特征

华阳川铀多金属矿床位于华北板块与秦岭造山带接触的小秦岭地区,该矿床的成矿类型极具独特性,在国内外尚未发现该类型的如此大规模的铀多金属矿床。该矿床具有多矿种、大矿量、潜力大的特点。该矿床的地质科研工作程度较低。通过综合分析前人研究成果的基础上,结合野外地质特征,探明了该矿床的含矿主岩为伟晶岩及碳酸岩脉;与矿化密切相关的主要热液蚀变类型为霓辉石化、微斜长石化、阳起石化和黑云母化;铀矿化类型可分为含铀黑云母化(或阳起石化)伟晶岩脉型、含铀钾化伟晶岩脉型、含铀霓辉石(或黑云母、阳起石)方解石石英脉型和含铀片麻状花岗岩型;铀在矿石中的赋存形式主要为铌钛铀矿、晶质铀矿、沥青铀矿和铀钍石。     

论热液铀矿化与碱性侵入杂岩的联系

内生成矿作用与碱性侵入杂岩在成因上的联系是形形色色的。按其成分一方面有铌、锆、稀土及铍的矿化,而另一方面有钛、金、钼等矿化。综合与碱性侵入体有成因上联系的内生成矿作用的现有资料表明,含矿碱性杂岩的钠质学派认为与碱性杂岩有成因上联系的放射性元素,只有钍可作为特征。而铀仅少量的进入稀土及稀有矿物。现在对钾系列碱性杂岩含矿性的研究尚不够充分,但很明显与其在成因上是有联系的,无     

新疆东准噶尔地区两类花岗岩与两个成矿系列

东准噶尔地区存在与两类花岗岩有关的两个金属成矿系列：与钙碱性花岗岩类有关的铜、金成矿系列和与富碱花岗岩类有关的锡成矿系列。钙碱性花岗岩成因上属造山后陆内断裂深熔型,富碱花岗岩属A型或S型。前者主要形成于华力西中晚期、华力西晚期;后者也主要形成于华力西中晚期、华力西晚期,岩石以富含碱性暗色矿物为特征。与钙碱性花岗岩有关的铜、金成矿系列矿床类型有斑岩型、隐爆角砾岩筒型、夕卡岩型、破碎带碎裂岩型和石英脉型,与富碱花岗岩有关的锡成矿系列矿床类型有锡石-石英脉型、蚀变花岗岩型和富石英云英岩型。斑岩型、隐爆角砾岩筒型铜（金）矿及与A型花岗岩有关的锡矿等新矿床型的存在,为该区钢、金、锡等矿产资源的进一步探寻．提供了重要方向。该区存在十分有利的构造、岩浆成矿条件、广泛发育的蚀变矿化现象和多种多样的矿化类型,地质研究程度和找矿工作程度低．表明该区具有广阔的找矿前景。     

四川冕宁牦牛坪稀土矿床地质特征

四川牦牛平矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床之一,该矿床位于攀西裂谷西缘,同位素年龄表明稀土化发育于裂谷期后阶段。矿区内碳酸岩、碱性基性伟晶岩、花岗斑岩、煌斑岩以及辉绿岩岩墙（脉）构成了与矿化有关的碳酸岩杂岩。围绕碳酸岩杂岩广泛发育着霓长岩化,蚀变作用形成的霓长岩具有显显的分带特征,由内向外可分为：钠铁闪石黑云母带、霓石霓辉石带、碎裂带。该矿床具有三种矿石类型：碱性基性伟晶岩型、岩酸岩型和细网脉裂。氟碳铈     

新疆阿尔泰可可托海矿区伟晶岩成因与矿化潜力研究：来自石英SEM-CL和微量元素的指示

新疆阿尔泰可可托海3号脉矿床是世界瞩目的伟晶岩型稀有金属Li-Be-Nb-Ta-Rb-Cs-Hf矿床。尽管前人对3号脉伟晶岩矿床已经进行了大量的研究工作,然而在伟晶岩稀有金属成矿潜力以及伟晶岩成因问题上仍存在一些争议。本文以发育在可可托海矿区不同规模的伟晶岩脉以及淡色花岗岩为研究对象,利用石英SEM-CL和原位微量元素技术手段,查明各伟晶岩脉和花岗岩的稀有金属禀赋差异及成因联系。研究结果表明,石英的Li和Al含量可以用来指示伟晶岩的矿化潜力。与1号和2号伟晶岩脉相比,3号伟晶岩脉具有更宽的分异范围,以石英中Ge/Ti变化于1.83×10^-6～159×10^-6范围为特征,更高的Li含量,其中外侧带平均Li含量为39×10^-6,因而成矿潜力最大。此外,证实了白云母钠长花岗岩为矿化花岗岩,其微量元素组成和演化程度与3号脉伟晶岩外侧带相当,而白云母碱长花岗岩为贫矿花岗岩。更重要的是,本文利用各伟晶岩结构分带内的石英中Ge/Ti-Ge以及Ge/Ti-Al/Ti图解,确定了各伟晶岩脉具有相似的演化趋势,指示它们可能源于相同的花岗岩母...     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗巴尔哲超大型矿床控矿因素分析

内蒙古巴尔哲矿床不仅是超大型的REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be多金属矿床,同时也是大型的U-Th矿床。通过野外地质观察、地面伽玛能谱测量、岩矿鉴定和室内数据处理等,发现铀、钍主要以类质同像的形式存在于矿石矿物中;铍和稀土元素的独立矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿和独居石为主;铌、钽、锆主要赋存在铌铁矿、烧绿石和锆石中。另外,从构造、岩性及蚀变特征三方面,对巴尔哲矿床的控矿因素进行了详细解剖,研究表明,巴尔哲矿床的铀钍矿化与稀有稀土矿化密切共生,均赋存于强蚀变钠闪石花岗岩中,蚀变主要为钠长石化和硅化。该矿床主要受构造和碱性花岗岩体的控制,是构造和碱性花岗质岩浆演化的耦合产物。      

THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF TANTALUM AND NIOBIUM

Ta and Nb are associated in nature. Both are oxyphile and are related geochemically to Fe, Mn, Ti, rare earths U, Th, Zr, W, Sn, Bi, and Sb. Both accompany the alkali metals,especially Na and Li. Their close relationship explains their isomorphism in mineral-forming processes. Zr, W, and Sn entrain Ta and Nb in the crystal lattices of their minerals in limited amounts. The concentration of Ta and Nb increases in the course of magma evolution from ultrabasic to alkalic. Nb predominates over Ta in the main kinds of rocks by from 5:1 to 17:1. Only in granite pegmatites is Ta dominant. In granitic rocks Ta and Nb are associated with Fe, Mn, Bi, Sb, W, and Sn. In granosyenitic complexes they form complex minerals with Ti, rare earths of the Y subgroup, U, and Th. Concentrations of Ta and Nb in granitic and granosyenitic complexes increase toward the end of the magmatic and pegmatitic processes, and afterward diminish toward the end of the pneumatolytic-hydrothermal processes. In alkalic complexes Ta and Nb are associated with Ti, rare earths of the Ce group, and Th. Concentrations of Ta and Ni in alkalic massifs are caused by magmatic differentiation. In alkalic ultrabasic complexes, in magmatic and pegmatitic processes, Ta and Nb do not form independent minerals but enter into minerals of Ti and Fe, i. e. perovskite, titanomagnitite, and pyroxenes. --M. Russell.     

东昆仑小庙基性岩脉地球化学及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年

东昆仑小庙辉绿岩脉侵位于前寒武纪金水口群变质基底中,岩石地球化学研究表明:它是以低TiO₂和较低的MgO,Nb、Ta亏损和Th富集为特征,贫P₂O₅,Na₂O＞K₂O, 富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、Sr和LREE,高场强元素分异明显,地壳源区对辉绿岩的影响很大,形成于大陆拉张带或裂谷初期环境。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明:1 996~2 428 Ma年龄可能代表岩浆捕获锆石年龄,形成于太古宙至古元古代的区域性构造热事件;3个较一致点的加权平均年龄（733.6±6.6） Ma（MSWD =0.038）为辉绿岩结晶年龄,可能代表了新元古代东昆仑地区裂解的时间,这与Rodinia超大陆裂解相对应。     

锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学对浙皖马鞍山高分异岩体成因的约束

为了解由早期(伟晶、巨晶)斑状二长花岗岩、中期(细粒)花岗岩和晚期花岗(斑)岩脉组成的马鞍山杂岩体的成因, 采用SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法厘定其侵入时代, 年龄显示伟晶斑状二长花岗岩为132.2±1.6 Ma, 巨晶斑状二长花岗岩为127. 7±1.2 Ma, 细粒花岗岩为128.3±1.1 Ma, 花岗斑岩脉为127.4±1.8 Ma.岩石地球化学研究结果表明岩体从早到晚具有从钾玄岩系列向高钾钙碱系列演变特征, 分异演化程度逐渐变高; 斑状二长花岗岩具有高REE含量, 轻重稀土分异较为明显, 具较强负铕异常和弱右倾的配分曲线特征, 富集K、Th、U、Rb等元素, 弱亏损Ba、Sr、P、Nb、Ta、Ti等元素; 细粒花岗岩及花岗(斑)岩脉具有较低REE含量, 轻重稀土分异不明显, 具强负铕异常和"V"型配分曲线特征, 富集K、Th、U、Rb等元素, 强亏损Ba、Sr、P、Nb、Ti等元素.马鞍山岩体为浙西北-皖南地区早白垩世俯冲造山后陆内拉张作用环境下下地壳部分熔融的同源岩浆侵位结晶分异作用形成的产物, 具有高分异I型花岗岩的特征.      

Geology and geochemistry of the granitic rocks and associated dykes, East Gabal Nuqra, South Eastern Desert, Egypt

A crescent-shape granitic stock and associated dykes is located to the East Gabal Nuqra at the extreme western part of Wadi Natash,South Eastern Desert,Egypt.The examined granites are classified as alkali-feldspar granites and mainly consist of quartz,potash feldspars,plagioclases,and aegirine-augite.Xenotime,zircon,apatite and allanite are accessories representing the source of Y,U,Th and REEs in these rocks.These granites are characterized by high K2O,Na2O and Zn contents and Rb/Sr ratio.Also,they are highly enriched in high field strength elements(HFSE),especially Zr(1529×10-6),Nb(100×10-6),Hf(91×10-6) and Y(624×10-6) and light rare-earth elements(LREE,141×10-6) concentrations and strongly depleted in Ca,Mg,Sr and Eu contents.These features suggest that they are similar to A-type granites(type-2).The rhyolite dykes and granites have similar geochemical characteristics whereas the chondrite-normalized REE patterns show a LREE enriched feature with strong negative Eu-anomaly,whereas the REE pattern of trachydacites show slightly fractionated pattern with no Eu-anomaly.It is suggested that the trachydacites were generated by small degree of partial-melting deep-seated basic source.Such liquid,when subjected to fractional crystallization involving separation of plagioclases as residue,generated the alkali-feldspar granites.And further fractional crystallization gave rise to the alkali rhyolites.The igneous rock suite originated from metaluminous to alkaline trachytic magma,and was developed in a within-plate tectonic environment.The extension caused by NW-SE right-lateral shear in area led to the emplacement of the alkali-feldspar granites.The later extrusion of the alkali rhyolite and trachydacite dykes was due to cauldron subsidence.     

新疆昭苏卡拉盖雷铜钴金矿区岩石地球化学特征

卡拉盖雷铜钴金矿是那拉提构造带内发现的首例以Cu为主,伴生Mo,Co,Au,Pb,Zn的火山岩型热液矿床.矿区内出露的地层主要为石炭系下统大哈拉军山组火山岩地层,矿区岩浆岩主要有花岗闪长岩、闪长岩和辉绿岩脉.通过火山岩地层和侵入岩样品的地球化学分析,认为区内大哈拉军山组是一套由玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩组成的连续亚碱性的火山岩系列,且以钙碱性系列为主;矿区钾长花岗岩属于准铝质—过铝质岩类,碱性系列,花岗闪长岩和闪长岩属于准铝质—过铝质岩类,钙碱性—碱性系列,基性侵入岩属于弱碱性—碱性系列.稀土元素特征显示中酸性侵入岩可能属于地壳重熔型花岗岩;基性侵入岩与基性火山岩来源一致.     

Qualitative analysis of mafic dyke swarms and kimberlites from morphological and geophysical signatures,NW of Proterozoic Cuddapah basin,Eastern Dharwar craton

Widespread distribution of mafic dykes and scanty occurrence of ultrabasic intrusives of kimberlitic affinity around Proterozoic Cuddapah basin, parts of Eastern Dharwar craton of south India has been the focus of attention since their discovery, to understand the structural fabric in relation to their emplacement in geological time. Satellite Imagery, geomorphological, geophysical and radiometric age data of Narayanpet area, northwest of Cuddappah basin, have clearly displayed the alignments and structures of geological significance, such as deep seated fault / fracture / shear zones, stratigraphic / lithological contacts, basic / ultrabasic intrusives and younger granites etc,. Based on the field observations such as emplacement of mafic dykes, their cross cutting relationship, study of morphological and geophysical signatures, inferred linears drawn from satellite imagery, aeromagnetic and gravity maps are arranged in a chronological order. A system of long, narrow and widely spaced dykes trending NW-SE direction conformable to gneissic foliation, typically associated with migmatites in the southwestern part of the study area are the oldest. Followed by E-W dykes, cut across by the sparsely distributed dykes associated with NW-SE and N-S features and in turn off set by dykes of NE-SW trends are the youngest. Kimberlites of Narayanpet area, belongs to hypabysal facies, which are essentially controlled by E-W to ENE-WSW deep seated fault / fracture zone, their intersection with NW-SE, NE-SW to N-S trends, which may have been reactivated during Proterozoic period as indicated by the intrusion of mafic dykes (～2270 to 1701 Ma) and emplacement of kimberlitic magmatism (～1300 to 1100 Ma) suggesting different intrusive episodes. Kimberlite pipes of Narayanpet field, falls in an ellipsoid form trending WNW-ESE direction in the northern part of the area, associated with radial drainage / topographic high and a gravity low. In addition, physical properties such as density and magnetic susceptibilities of mafic dykes and kimberlites, their geophysical signatures, emplacement of kimberlites at the close vicinity of mafic dykes or at their intersections have also been discussed.     

攀西裂谷带内超基性碱性岩和层状辉长岩^40Ar-^39Ar年龄——以鸡街、大向坪和太和岩体为例

对分布在攀西古裂谷带内的禄丰县鸡街和大向坪超基性碱性环状杂岩体中霞辉岩，以及西昌太和层状辉长岩等两类岩石进行全岩^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄测定，结果表明鸡街岩体和大向坪岩体中霞辉岩年龄范围在214～193Ma，相当于晚三叠世，属于印支期。总体上，超基性碱性环状杂岩的侵位时间略晚于含矿辉长岩；太和层状辉长岩^40Ar-^39Ar坪年龄，由于过剩Ar等原因的扰动，使其年龄值远远高于成岩年龄。暗示全岩或辉石单矿物等不适合作为攀西地区层状辉长岩定年的对象。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Late Carboniferous dykes in the Aqishan-Yamansu belt,eastern Tianshan:Evidence for a post-collisional slab breakoff

With aim of providing constraints on the Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),an integrated study was conducted on the geochronological and geochemical data for dioritic,granitic and diabase dykes from the Aqishan-Yamansu belt in the eastern Tianshan,NW China.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the dioritic and granitic dykes were both emplaced in the Late Carboniferous(~311 Ma and^315 Ma).The dioritic dykes show adakitic characteristics and have high Na2 O and positiveεHf(t)values(+12 to+17),which suggest an origin from partial melts of a subducted oceanic slab.The granitic dykes have high SiO2 and K2 O contents and are characterized by en riched light rare earth elements(LREE)and slightly flat heavy rare earth elements(HREE),with negative Eu and Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies.These dykes are alkali-calcic and show geochemical features of highly fractionated Itype granites.Their positiveεHf(t)values(+16 to+17)suggest that they were derived from a juvenile accreted oceanic crustal sou rce.The coeval diabase dykes have low SiO2 and K2 O contents but high TiO2,MgO and Mg#(54-59).They are enriched in LREE and show characteristics of enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts(E-MORB).The relatively high Ba/Th,slightly low Th/Ta ratios,and negative Nb-Ta anomalies imply a mantle source metasomatised by slab-derived fluids.Thus,these basic dykes were generated likely by partial melting of the upwelling asthenosphere mantle with a slight influence of slab-derived fluids.Therefore,we suggest that the formation of these Late Carboniferous dykes were triggered by a post-collisional slab breakoff and the Aqishan-Yamansu belt was a continental arc formed by southdipping subduction of the Kangguer oceanic plate.     

中国主要含镍岩体特征及其成因

中国目前已发现7条岩带中18个岩体赋存有工业铜镍矿床。这些含镍岩体的岩石组合有三大类,其中以超基性岩中矿床居多,苏长岩与科马提岩中较少。中国含镍岩浆系列属于科马提岩系列而非拉斑玄武岩系列,含矿岩浆来自上地幔的部分熔融,源区具有U、Th值高而Cr低的特点,深大断裂发育的大陆边缘是镍矿床发育最理想的场所。     

西藏多不杂矿集区斑岩铜矿地球化学指标研究

多不杂矿集区位于西藏改则县北部,是近些年发现的超大型斑岩型铜矿床,在以多不杂为中心,东西长约30km,南北宽约10km的范围内,包括多不杂、波龙、色那、拿顿、拿若、尕尔勤和铁格龙7个矿区。本文在前人工作的基础上,通过对矿集区钻孔岩芯样品地球化学数据进行旋转正交因子处理和成矿元素Cu与稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y、微量元素U、Th的相关性分析,发现轻重稀土元素均在Cu矿(化)体部位相对富集。另外微量元素U、Th(尤其是Th),与金属元素Cu含量随深度的变化也存在一定的对应关系,在Cu矿化部位相对富集。研究表明稀土元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Y与微量元素U、Th可能是一种潜在有效的矿产勘查地球化学指标。