凤凰─茶陵地学断面重力异常机制分析

对凤凰─茶陵地学断面重力异常,根据爆炸地震测深资料,确定密度分层,用变密度水平梯形体构制剖面密度模型,计算理论重力异常和实测布格重力异常吻合较好。根据剖面密度模型,可以合理地解释布格重力异常。并将地壳划分为沉积盖层、变质岩层、麻粒岩层三层结构,分别计算三层的重力效应曲线及上地幔低密度体重力效应曲线。还计算了莫霍面起伏引起的重力异常曲线,分析了引起地壳重力异常的各种因素及特点。     

凤凰─茶陵地学断面重力异常机制分析

对凤凰─茶陵地学断面重力异常，根据爆炸地震测深资料，确定密度分层，用变密度水平梯形体构制剖面密度模型，计算理论重力异常和实测布格重力异常吻合较好。根据剖面密度模型，可以合理地解释布格重力异常。并将地壳划分为沉积盖层、变质岩层、麻粒岩层三层结构，分别计算三层的重力效应曲线及上地幔低密度体重力效应曲线。还计算了莫霍面起伏引起的重力异常曲线，分析了引起地壳重力异常的各种因素及特点。     

中国东南部内生成矿区的地球物理特征和深部构造

本文目的是为了有助于讨论中国东南部的地球物理场、深部构造、花岗岩类的成矿专属性及其与内生矿化的关系。应用深地震测深和重力异常建立的地壳与上地幔模型是划分地壳类型和成矿预测的基础。莫霍面深度和地壳不均匀性是划分区域成矿带的主要准则。区域重力异常的模拟和解释肯定了W-Sn成矿与莫霍面坳陷和岩石圈中低密度带的关系,以及Cu—Fe、Pb-Zn成矿带与莫霍面隆起和陡坡带的关系的观点的有效性。还注意到了成矿区与局部重磁异常、侵入体的化学成分、以及不同方向深断裂的关系。根据岩石磁性和岩石化学参数确定了花岗岩类的成矿专属性。应用重力模拟确定了花岗岩类的三维地下形态和内部结构,这有利于提供深部找矿线索和研究侵入体的含矿性。中国东南部获得的资料证明了应用重磁场研究地壳构造、岩浆岩、成矿预测的效果和前景。     

南海重力异常特征及其显著的构造意义

在南海地区地震测深数据有限的情况下,利用重力异常可以研究南海大范围的深部地壳结构及地质构造展布特征。基于空间重力异常,结合最新的地形、沉积物厚度及地震测深等数据,分别从地震约束的莫霍面反演和无约束的三维相关成像两个视角研究南海的地壳结构,利用壳幔界面起伏、地壳厚度及三维等效密度分布来探讨地壳结构的纵横向变化。同时,联合采用延拓、水平梯度及线性构造增强滤波方法聚焦重力异常中的区域线性特征,突出显示了反映地壳横向变化的深断裂、洋陆转换边界、海盆扩张轴等线性构造的展布。重力解释与贯穿南海南北的广州-巴拉望地学断面对比表明,重力异常反演及异常的区域线性特征,较好地揭示了南海海域大范围的地壳结构与区域构造展布。     

变密度组合体重力模型及其应用

为了正确地解释重力资料并取得符合实际情况的结果,需要有新的重力模型,以便改进以往利用的二层模型。根据新近调查的地球物理地质资料,本文提出利用变密度多层结构的地壳重力模型。该模型以较简单的形式反映地壳内各层不同的特征:剖面内横向不均匀性由断块来决定;各层之间不存在明显的密度界面,而是梯度界面。由此,我们推导了截面为不等腰梯形的水平棱柱体的理论公式,编制了相应的程序,并在江西赣州—阳山进行了实际计算。结果与深地震测深的部分资料吻合较好。经验表明,选择初始模型对其效果十分重要。     

布格重力异常的“深化”解释

文章对跨越大足重力高和龙门山褶皱带的重庆－黑水重力剖面作了解释。解释时根据深地地震测深和面波频散层析成像的结果，用二维模型进行正演拟合，根据计算结果得出：在作区域重力异常解释时，除要考虑莫霍面及其以上各密度层的影响外，尚应考虑上地幔顶部的密度变化。     

基于深地震测深的深部动力学研究方法和应用

深地震测深是探测壳幔岩石圈精细速度结构、探讨岩石圈变形和演化过程的一种有效方法,在青藏高原隆升、克拉通裂解等大陆动力学研究中已发挥了重要的作用。然而,地震测深方法与深部动力学研究的结合尚处于现象描述为主的状态。因此,本文对前人利用深地震测深资料进行深部动力学研究的相关方法进行了回顾与总结:宽角反射/折射地震震相特征具有明显的动力学响应,是进行动力学研究的基础;通过速度结构对比可以确定不同地壳速度结构模型所对应的构造单元及其演化过程,地壳厚度和泊松比等参数可以用于地壳变形模式的讨论,壳内高速和低速异常体反映了不同动力学过程对地壳的改造;人工地震S波资料与Pn波速度可以用于壳幔各向异性的研究,为动力学演化过程研究提供独立的观测证据;运用现代构造解析方法可以构建不同的地壳结构—动力型式,进而通过壳幔结构的解构恢复岩石圈演化过程;此外,地震测深资料可以约束地壳成分结构,为动力学数值模拟提供岩石流变参数等资料。本文对于充分挖掘深地震测深资料在动力学研究中的应用价值至关重要,对于加强地震测深同其他学科的交叉研究也具有重要意义。     

基于深地震测深的深部动力学研究方法和应用

深地震测深是探测壳幔岩石圈精细速度结构、探讨岩石圈变形和演化过程的一种有效方法,在青藏高原隆升、克拉通裂解等大陆动力学研究中已发挥了重要的作用。然而,地震测深方法与深部动力学研究的结合尚处于现象描述为主的状态。因此,本文对前人利用深地震测深资料进行深部动力学研究的相关方法进行了回顾与总结:宽角反射/折射地震震相特征具有明显的动力学响应,是进行动力学研究的基础;通过速度结构对比可以确定不同地壳速度结构模型所对应的构造单元及其演化过程,地壳厚度和泊松比等参数可以用于地壳变形模式的讨论,壳内高速和低速异常体反映了不同动力学过程对地壳的改造;人工地震S波资料与Pn波速度可以用于壳幔各向异性的研究,为动力学演化过程研究提供独立的观测证据;运用现代构造解析方法可以构建不同的地壳结构—动力型式,进而通过壳幔结构的解构恢复岩石圈演化过程;此外,地震测深资料可以约束地壳成分结构,为动力学数值模拟提供岩石流变参数等资料。本文对于充分挖掘深地震测深资料在动力学研究中的应用价值至关重要,对于加强地震测深同其他学科的交叉研究也具有重要意义。     

莫霍界面与重力场相关性研究及其在成矿预测中的某些作用

莫霍界面是地壳上地幔深部构造研究中一个极其重要的概念.这个物性界面稳定地存在于地壳剖面中,遍及全球.它通常是一切深部地球物理方法探测和研究的主要对象.半个多世纪以来,世界各国的许多地球物理学家致力于莫霍界面的研究,应用综合地球物理方法,结合地质学和岩石学成果,对莫霍界面的物性参数、界面形态及形成机理作了深入的探讨,取得了丰富的资料,大大促进了深部构造研究的发展.重力是研究深部构造的重要地球物理方法之一.它依据密度参数建立深部构造模型,该模型以能使测得的重力场和其他地质、地球物理以及岩石学方面的资料相吻合为标志.由于     

中国东北海城-敖汗旗-巴彦查干剖面的重力密度特征

本文参考二维速度剖面资料,采用变密度组合体重力模型、自动拟合的方法,计算了海城—敖汗旗—巴彦查于剖面的密度分层结构。按壳、幔岩性变化特征分析,地壳大致具有三层结构,各层岩性呈交互混合的渐变过渡状态,由上到下,岩性无严格的地质分界。区内莫霍面的起伏不大,不是引起重力异常变化的主要原因。决定重力异常形态特征的主要因素是地壳与地幔物质的不均匀分布及层间的结构组合关系。这项研究结果对该区的地质构造和矿产预测提供了新的依据。     

南沙中部海域北康·曾母盆地重磁异常特征及解释

通过对南沙中部海域北康、曾母盆地重、磁资料的定量计算、定性解释,认为空间重力异常主要受浅部地质因素影响,空间重力异常的高低间接地反映了海底地形起伏变化、新生代沉积层厚度大小、沉积岩密度变化以及基底的坳、隆等特征;磁力异常资料通过预后处理及反演计算,推测北康、曾母盆地新生代火成岩以中酸性-中基性岩为主,磁性基底与声波基底基本一致,可划分为2处坳陷及3处隆起;北康、曾母盆地位于减薄的大陆壳上,莫霍面深度约21～2 km.重、磁资料综合解释结果为沉积盖层构造分区、基底断裂推断及火成岩岩性识别提供依据.     

Signature of the upper mantle density structure in the refined gravity data

The gravitational signal of the upper mantle density structures is investigated in the refined gravity data which are corrected for the gravitational contributions of the crust density structures and the Moho geometry. The gravimetric forward modeling is applied to compute these refined gravity data globally on a 1 × 1 arcdeg grid using the global geopotential model (EGM2008), the global topographic/bathymetric model (DTM2006.0) including the ice-thickness data, and the global crustal model (CRUST2.0). The characteristics of the upper mantle density structures are further analyzed in association with the Moho parameters (i.e., Moho depths and density contrast). The 1 × 1 arcdeg global data of the Moho parameters are estimated by applying the combined least-squares approach based on solving Moritz’s generalization of the Vening–Meinesz inverse problem of isostasy. The refined gravity data exhibit mainly the mantle lithosphere structures attributed to the global mantle convection. A significant correlation found over oceans between the refined gravity data and the Moho density contrast is explained by the increasing density of the oceanic lithosphere with age. Despite the lithosphere structures attributed to the global mantle convection are confirmed also in the refined gravity data over continents, the significant correlation between the refined gravity data and the Moho parameters is in this case absent. Instead, the significant proportion of lateral variations of the Moho density contrast within the continental lithosphere is attributed to the depth-dependant density changes due to pressure and thermal gradient.     

Gravity interpretation along seismic reflection profile DEKORP 9-N (northern Rhine Graben)

A 2-D gravity model, incorporating geophysical and geological data, is presented for a 110 km long transect across the northern Rhine Graben, coinciding with the 92 km long DEKORP 9-N seismic reflection profile. The Upper Rhine Graben is marked by a prominent NNE-striking negative anomaly of 30–40 mgal on Bouguer gravity maps of SW Germany. Surface geological contacts, borehole data and the seismic reflection profile provide boundary constraints during forward modelling.
Short-wavelength (5–10 km) gravity features can be correlated with geologic structures in the upper few km. At deeper levels, the model reflects the asymmetry visible in the seismic profile; a thicker, mostly transparent lower crust in the west and a thinner, reflective lower crust in the east. From west to east Moho depth changes from 31 to 26–28 km. The entire 40 mgal minimum can be accounted for by the 2–3 km of light sedimentary fdl in the graben, which masks the gravitational effects of the elevated Moho. The thickened lower crust in the west partly compensates for the mass deficit from the depressed Moho. A further compensating feature is a relatively low density contrast at the crust-mantle boundary of 0.25 g cm^-3. The Variscan must displays heterogeneity along the profile which cuts at an angle across the strike of Variscan structures. The asymmetry of the integrated crustal model, both at the surface and at depth suggests an asymmetric mechanism of rift development.     

Crustal density structure in the Spanish Central System derived from gravity data analysis (Central Spain)

Shallow and deep sources generate a gravity low in the central Iberian Peninsula. Long-wavelength shallow sources are two continental sedimentary basins, the Duero and the Tajo Basins, separated by a narrow mountainous chain called the Spanish Central System. To investigate the crustal density structure, a multitaper spectral analysis of gravity data was applied. To minimise biases due to misleading shallow and deep anomaly sources of similar wavelength, first an estimation of gravity anomaly due to Cenozoic sedimentary infill was made. Power spectral analysis indicates two crustal discontinuities at mean depths of 31.1 ± 3.6 and 11.6 ± 0.2 km, respectively. Comparisons with seismic data reveal that the shallow density discontinuity is related to the upper crust lower limit and the deeper source corresponds to the Moho discontinuity. A 3D-depth model for the Moho was obtained by inverse modelling of regional gravity anomalies in the Fourier domain. The Moho depth varies between a mean depth of 31 km and 34 km. Maximum depth is located in a NW–SE trough. Gravity modelling points to lateral density variations in the upper crust. The Central System structure is described as a crustal block uplifted by NE–SW reverse faults. The formation of the system involves displacement along an intracrustal detachment in the middle crust. This detachment would split into several high-angle reverse faults verging both NW and SE. The direction of transport is northwards, the detachment probably being rooted at the Moho.     

RGIS软件重磁联合反演在1：20万区域重力调查中的应用

在黑龙江省五常县—沙兰站公社1：20万区域重力调查工作中,运用重磁电数据处理与解释软件系统（RGIS）的2.5D人机交互可视化重力和磁异常联合反演,对于工作区的深部构造、莫霍面、地壳深部密度界面等问题作出了一定的探讨。     

Subcrustal density inhomogeneities of Northern Eurasia as derived from the gravity data and isostatic models of the lithosphere

For the territory of Northern Eurasia (6°E–165°W; 30–75°N) the distribution of anomalous masses in the lithosphere has been estimated in accordance with the lithosphere isostatic model. The method of model construction is based on the admittance technique. The experimental admittance presents a relation between the part of the outer load uncompensated by the Moho undulations and the residual gravity field and is used to select the best model. The 1 × 1° averaged values of topography elevations, basement and Moho depths, sedimentary cover density and gravity anomalies have been used as initial data. According to the correlation equation relating the outer load and Moho depths, the mean density contrast between the lower crust and the subcrustal lithosphere is 0.43 g/cm³, but the Moho undulation can not provide complete isostatic equilibrium. In some areas, the part of the outer load uncompensated by Moho undulations may be as large as 10⁷ kg/m² and the residual gravity field is as intensive as + 260 mGal. Assuming that for loads of wavelength > 200 km, local isostatic compensation is valid, in accordance with the admittance analysis, the anomalous masses compensating for the part of the outer load, which is not compensated by Moho undulations, have to be located partly in the lower crust and in the subcrustal layer. The regional trend of anomalous compensating masses is negative under Western Europe, the Mediterranean, Eastern Asia and adjacent marginal seas, and positive under the East European Platform and Western and Central Asia. The local compensating masses correspond to particular tectonic units. The isostatic gravity anomalies of Northern Eurasia have been determined and the long-wave component of the field reflecting anomalous masses under the isostatic compensation level has been evaluated.     

南海西北部重磁场及深部构造特征

通过对南海重磁数据的重新处理,得到南海西北部自由空间重力异常图、布格重力异常图、磁异常图和化极磁异常图,并对所反映的地球物理场特征加以分析。根据重力场资料对研究区的地壳结构进行了反演计算,结果表明地壳厚度在10～38km之间,总的趋势由陆向洋逐渐减薄,对应于地壳类型从陆壳、过渡壳到洋壳的分布特征。根据磁力资料计算了居里面深度,其埋深变化于11～27km之间,在陆区居里面是下地壳顶界面和莫霍面之间的另一个物性界面,而在海区则接近于莫霍面埋深。     

根据重力场研究华南地壳结构

华南与华北重力场相比有明显的差别,前者为很强的负异常,它是由于地壳花岗岩化作用使岩石圈密度减小引起的。在沿海地区布格重力异常与莫霍界面起伏没有相关性,地壳与上地幔密度不均匀对重力场分布起主要作用。华南广泛分布花岗岩类,反映了该区特定的地壳结构。花岗岩出露面积与重力等值线有较密切的对应关系,这对于应用重力定量解释推断花岗岩的地下形状具有有利条件。本文讨论运用重力模型研究华南地壳与上地幔结构和花岗岩的地下形态,并探讨花岗岩的成因及其与矿产的关系。