黑龙江省柳树河盆地始新统八虎力组油页岩元素地球化学特征及沉积环境

黑龙江省柳树河盆地始新统八虎力组发育多层油页岩。通过对油页岩样品元素地球化学分析测试,研究了其常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征,分析了油页岩沉积环境。研究结果表明,常量元素以富Al₂O₃、Fe和CaO,贫SiO₂、MgO、Na₂O和K₂O为特征,微量元素总体上表现出不同程度的亏损特征,稀土元素总量平均为140.7×10^-6,表现出轻稀土元素轻度富集特征。稀土元素具有较为一致的变化趋势,表明油页岩沉积时物源和沉积环境较为稳定。Mn/Ti值表明油页岩组成物质的搬运距离随着时间变化经历了远→近→远的变化,反映水体深度经历了深→浅→深的变化。Sr/Cu值和Rb/Sr值表明油页岩沉积时为相对炎热干旱的环境。Sr/Ba值反映当时为炎热干旱气候条件下的过渡相咸水湖泊沉积环境。V/(V+Ni)值、δEu和有机碳含量表明油页岩沉积时处于缺氧的还原沉积环境中。总体上,柳树河盆地油页岩发育于炎热干旱气候、咸水、缺氧条件下的湖泊沉积环境中。     

准噶尔盆地南缘芦草沟组页岩地球化学特征及沉积环境分析——以准页3井为例

通过对准页3井中芦草沟组页岩样品测试数据进行分析,探讨了页岩样品的地球化学特征及垂向变化规律,进一步阐述了其沉积环境指示意义及变化特征。结果表明准页3井芦草沟组页岩中Al和K偏低,Na、Ca和Fe偏高,P元素明显富集,整体属于较为干旱的环境;Sr/Ba与B参数特征说明芦草沟组整体处于半咸水-咸水沉积环境,垂向上盐度含量不断增大;Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)、V/V+Ni、V/Cr、LREE/HREE、δCe和δEu参数特征表明芦草沟组整体为酸化弱还原环境下近源沉积,而下段为贫氧环境,中上段为厌氧环境,且受北天山陆源碎屑和火山灰间歇性影响,为有机质的输入和保存提供了较为有利的条件。     

西藏改则上三叠统日干配错组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及沉积环境意义

西藏改则上三叠统日干配错组发育了一套厚度较大的碳酸盐岩台地相沉积。利用研究区内39件碳酸盐岩样品的常量元素和微量元素相关关系、组分含量及特征元素的比值特征,来探讨元素地球化学特征与沉积环境的关系。研究表明,1Mn/Sr值均小于1,平均值为0.28,表明碳酸盐岩基本没有受到成岩作用的影响;2Al2O3、K2O和Fe2O3呈正相关关系,它们与Ga O呈负相关关系,与Ni、V呈正相关关系;Fe2O3与Mn、Ba、Ni呈正相关关系;3Sr、V、Ba、Mn含量从浅水到深水环境总体呈增加趋势;4根据Sr、K、Na、Ca含量、Sr/Ba、V/(V+Ni)值特征分析了日干配错组沉积期的古气候和古环境。结果显示,日干配错组总体上为温暖潮湿气候下的陆表海还原沉积环境,显现出海侵的趋势。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部石盒子组盒8沉积环境的地球化学表征

采用Sr、Sr／Ba、Rb、Rb／K、K＋Na质量分数、K／Na、B／Ga、B元素法、V／Cr、Ni／Co、U／Th、V／（V＋Ni）、铈异常（Ce_anom）值、Fe^2＋／Fe^3＋、Cu／Zn、Sr／Cu、Fe／Mn、Mg／Ca、 Mg／Sr和Al₂O₃／MgO等微量元素和常量元素等地球化学方法对鄂尔多斯盆地东部盒8期沉积环境的古盐度、氧化还原态和古气候进行综合判断。结果表明：古盐度介于2.76‰～14.32‰之间,平均值为8.62‰,显示沉积水介质以淡水—微咸水为主;铈异常（Ce_anom）值主要集中在-0.05～0.1之间,整体表现为Ce富集,指示缺氧弱还原的古水体环境;Sr/Cu比值为1.66～9.41,平均值为4.60,环境为温湿气候。纵向上盒8_下古盐度高于盒8_上,盒8_下比盒8_上气候略微干旱。平面上研究区南部米脂榆79井—榆28井一带和研究区北部通岗浪沟—什汗水利一带古盐度较大,大于10‰,属半咸水—咸水沉积,相对应地这两个区块古气候比其它区块较为干旱,这一规律和沉积体系在研究区的分布高度吻合。分析认为：盒8期研究区湖岸线分布于南部米脂榆79井—榆28井一带,受湖水和干旱气候的影响,造成古盐度较高;北部通岗浪沟—什汗水利一带发育辫状河沉积,受干燥气候、蒸发环境的影响,古盐度增大。研究区微咸水—半咸水—咸水的沉积环境有利于绿泥石膜胶结发育,也有利于储层的发育。该认识对鄂尔多斯盆地盒8沉积环境研究起到一定的补充作用,同时也对该区盒8段天然气勘探具有重要意义。     

苏北东台坳陷古新统阜宁组三段微量、稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

沉积岩的微量、稀土元素对沉积环境的水介质变化有着较高的敏感度,对于研究古环境、沉积物源性质和构造背景方面具有重要的意义。前人对于东台坳陷元素地球化学方面的研究相对薄弱,利用元素地球化学资料解释古环境和源区性质方面的研究尚属空白。本文以苏北东台坳陷古新统阜宁组三段20件泥岩样品为研究对象,对其进行微量、稀土元素测定,并分析其地球化学特征及所揭示的地质意义。结果表明:(1)Sr含量、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、La_n/Yb_n比值指示干热气候;Li、Sr、Ni、Ga微量元素含量和Sr/Ba比值均指示淡水—半咸水的水体环境,整体以淡水环境为主,偶有咸水注入盆地,局部为半咸水环境;而V/(V+Ni)、V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th、δCe指示氧化—弱还原的水体环境。(2)Co/Th—La/Sc、La/Th—Hf判别图解和稀土元素配分模式,表明阜宁组三段沉积岩应来自于上地壳的长英质物质。(3)La—Th—Sc、Th—Co—Zr/10和Th—Sc—Zr/10构造背景判别图解反映了大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘的构造背景,且与Bhatia不同构造背景杂砂岩的微量、稀土元素特征值的对比分析结果一致。     

淮南煤田山西组泥页岩微量元素地球化学特征及其意义

泥页岩中微量元素特征对反演泥页岩形成时的沉积和古地理气候条件具有重要意义。采集淮南煤田山西组泥页岩样品,利用ICP-MS对泥页岩中微量元素进行了测试分析,探讨了研究区山西组泥页岩中微量元素的地球化学特征及其意义。结果表明,B、Cr、U、Ga、Li、Sn、Pb、Mo、Th、W等元素富集,Cd、Co、Cu、Ti、Zn、Sc、Ba、Mn、Ni、Sr等元素亏损;揭示淮南煤田山西组形成于温暖湿润和半咸水-高咸水的沉积环境中,沉积体系为开放型,体系内为弱氧化-还原环境,其中以弱还原-还原环境为主,且表现出从早期弱氧化到中后期的还原环境的演化特征;依据U/Th、Ni/Co、Sr/Cu、B/Ga、Sr/Ba、TOC等地球化学参数结果推测,盐度和氧化还原条件受到多种因素的影响,有机质的原始堆积量是影响山西组泥页岩中有机质含量的主要因素,而盐度和氧化还原条件影响有机质中各显微组分含量。研究区温暖湿润的气候和较为还原的环境为有机质的堆积和保存提供了有利条件,为页岩气的成藏提供了物质基础。      

苏北东台坳陷古新统阜宁组三段微量、稀土元素地球化学特征及其地质意义

沉积岩的微量、稀土元素对沉积环境的水介质变化有着较高的敏感度,对于研究古环境、沉积物源性质和构造背景方面具有重要的意义。前人对于东台坳陷元素地球化学方面的研究相对薄弱,利用元素地球化学资料解释古环境和源区性质方面的研究尚属空白。本文以苏北东台坳陷古新统阜宁组三段20件泥岩样品为研究对象,对其进行微量、稀土元素测定,并分析其地球化学特征及所揭示的地质意义。结果表明：①Sr含量、Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr、Lan/Ybn比值指示干热气候;Li、Sr、Ni、Ga微量元素含量和Sr/Ba比值均指示淡水—半咸水的水体环境,整体以淡水环境为主,偶有咸水注入盆地,局部为半咸水环境;而V/（V+Ni）、V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th、δCe指示氧化—弱还原的水体环境。②Co/Th—La/Sc、La/Th—Hf判别图解和稀土元素配分模式,表明阜宁组三段沉积岩应来自于上地壳的长英质物质。③La—Th—Sc、Th—Co—Zr/10和Th—Sc—Zr/10构造背景判别图解反映了大陆岛弧与活动大陆边缘的构造背景,且与Bhatia不同构造背景杂砂岩的微量、稀土元素特征值的对比分析结果一致。     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

准南阜康地区中二叠统芦草沟组暗色泥岩地球化学特征及意义

准南阜康地区中二叠统芦草沟组暗色泥页岩厚度大、分布广,其沉积环境对评价页岩油气资源潜力具有重要意义。以芦草沟组暗色泥岩为研究对象,通过地球化学分析,选用对沉积环境指示较敏感的代表性元素,分析其含量特征及比值与沉积环境之间的对应关系,进而探讨芦草沟组沉积期湖盆的古盐度、古气候及氧化还原条件等沉积环境特征。通过Sr/Ba、B/Ga、B、Sr、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、U、Th/U和V/(V+Ni)等地化指标分析认为,阜康地区中二叠统芦草沟组暗色泥岩是高盐度、干热、缺氧环境下的产物。古盐度、古气候和氧化还原条件的变化趋势显示,准南阜康地区芦草沟组所代表的湖盆处于不断扩张的状态,具备良好的页岩油气资源潜力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘铜川地区油页岩元素地球化学特征及古湖泊水体环境

为研究鄂尔多斯盆地南缘铜川地区三叠系延长组油页岩形成时的古湖泊水体环境,对采自研究区内3条剖面上的样品进行了主量及微量元素分析。结果表明,该区油页岩含磷、铁较高,可能是湖盆周边火山灰喷发带来的营养物质所致。油页岩的Sr/Ba、V/(V+Ni)、Ni/Co、U/Th、Sr/Cu、Mn O、Fe O/Fe2O3均值分别为0.32、0.91、3.11、3.83、2.6、0.027、0.55,指示研究区油页岩发育于温暖湿润气候下的半深湖-深湖相淡水缺氧陆相湖泊。根据Mo明显富集和较高的Ba/Al值,以及根据有机碳和古生产力关系式计算得出的较高的古湖泊生产力值,均表明油页岩沉积时期古湖泊生产力较高。     

Elemental characteristics of lacustrine oil shale and its controlling factors of palaeo-sedimentary environment on oil yield: a case from Chang 7 oil layer of Triassic Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin

As an important unconventional resource, oil shale has received widespread attention. The oil shale of the Chang 7 oil layer from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin represents the typical lacustrine oil shale in China. Based on analyzing trace elements and oil yield from boreholes samples, characteristics and paleo-sedimentary environments of oil shale and relationship between paleo-sedimentary environment and oil yield were studied. With favorable quality, oil yield of oil shale varies from 1.4% to 9.1%. Geochemical data indicate that the paleo-redox condition of oil shale’s reducing condition from analyses of V/Cr, V/(V + Ni), U/Th, δU, and authigenic uranium. Equivalent Boron, Sp, and Sr/Ba illustrate that paleosalinity of oil shale is dominated by fresh water. The paleoclimate of oil shale is warm and humid by calculating the chemical index of alteration and Sr/Cu. Fe/Ti and (Fe + Mn)/Ti all explain that there were hot water activities during the sedimentary period of oil shale. In terms of Zr/Rb, paleohydrodynamics of oil shale is weak. By means of Co abundance and U/Th, paleo-water-depth of oil shale is from 17.30 to 157.26 m, reflecting sedimentary environment which is mainly in semi deep–deep lake facies. Correlation analyses between oil yield and six paleoenvironmental factors show that the oil yield of oil shale is mainly controlled by paleo-redox conditions, paleoclimate, hot water activities, and depth of water. Paleosalinity and paleohydrodynamics have an inconspicuous influence on oil yield.     

Elemental geochemistry of the early Jurassic black shales in the Qiangtang Basin,eastern Tethys: constraints for palaeoenvironment conditions

The early Jurassic black shales are the most important source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin, Tibet. These black shales may provide a useful example for understanding the sedimentary conditions during the early Jurassic in the eastern Tethys. Thirty‐two black‐shale samples were collected from the Qiangtang Basin to reconstruct the depositional environments during the early Jurassic in the eastern Tethys. The palaeoclimate index Σ(Fe + Mn + Cr + Ni + V + Co)/Σ(Ca + Mg + Sr + Ba + K + Na) varies between 0.58 and 1.14, together with low Sr/Ba (0.20–0.60) and Sr/Cu (1.68–7.88) ratios, indicating a warm humid to semi‐humid climatic condition during black‐shale deposition. The early Jurassic black shales exhibit slight Ce anomalies (0.89–0.94) and Mn enrichment (EF = 1.2), suggesting a slightly oxic depositional environment. The conditions of the sedimentary water system during black‐shale deposition were apparently brackish as evidenced by middle B/Ga (3.96–5.73) and Th/U (3.96–6.51) ratios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Elemental characteristics and paleoenvironment reconstruction: a case study of the Triassic lacustrine Zhangjiatan oil shale,southern Ordos Basin,China

Using trace elements to reconstruct paleoenvironment is a current hot topic in geochemistry. Through analytical tests of oil yield, ash yield, calorific value, total sulfur, major elements, trace elements, and X-ray diffraction, the quality, mineral content, occurrence mode of elements, and paleoenvironment of the Zhangjiatan oil shale of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin were studied. The analyses revealed relatively high oil yield (average 6.63%) and medium quality. The mineral content in the oil shale was mainly clay minerals, quartz, feldspar, and pyrite; an illite–smectite mixed layer comprised the major proportion of clay minerals. Compared with marine oil shale in China, the Zhangjiatan oil shale had higher contents of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals, and lower calcite content. Silica was mainly in quartz and Fe was associated with organic matter, which is different from marine oil shale. The form of calcium varied. Cluster analyses indicated that Fe, Cu, U, V, Zn, As, Cs, Cd, Mo, Ga, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Sc, P, and Mn are associated with organic matter while Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Si, Zr, K, Al, B, Mg, and Ti are mostly terrigenous. Sr/Cu, Ba/Al, V/(V + Ni), U/Th, AU, and δU of oil shale samples suggest the paleoclimate was warm and humid, paleoproductivity of the lake was relatively high during deposition of the shale—which mainly occurred in fresh water—and the paleo-redox condition was dominated by reducing conditions. Fe/Ti ratios of the oil shale samples suggest clear hydrothermal influence in the eastern portion of the study area and less conspicuous hydrothermal influence in the western portion.     

沧东凹陷孔二段混合细粒沉积岩相特征及形成环境

沧东凹陷孔二段页岩层系广泛发育混合细粒沉积岩.混合细粒沉积岩的岩石类型划分和沉积环境分析是其成因研究的重要组成部分，有助于总结混合细粒沉积岩的沉积规律，寻找有利勘探目标.通过岩心与薄片观察、二维XRF（X射线荧光光谱）扫描，结合XRD（X射线衍射）、元素地球化学测试等资料，以矿物成分和沉积构造为主要依据，将孔二段混合细粒沉积岩划分为21种岩相；通过Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、Sr/Ba、V/（V+Ni）、Al、Ti含量、Fe/Mn和（Fe+Al）/（Ca+Mg）等地球化学指标的垂向变化及岩相分析沉积环境演化.沧东凹陷孔二段混合细粒沉积岩主要发育在气候干旱、微咸水-咸水相、水体贫氧、陆源输入较强的半深湖-深湖环境中；岩相类型的发育同时受到水体的高盐度和陆源输入的影响，均一细粒沉积岩分布最广，其次为灰云细粒沉积岩，黏土细粒沉积岩不发育.      

东营凹陷古近系中深层湖盆演化中的无机元素响应

为查明无机元素分布与水深、盐度等沉积环境以及湖盆演化过程的关系,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪分析对东营凹陷郝科1科探井古近系深层微量元素含量进行了测试、分析,所涉及的研究层位是该凹陷的主要烃源岩层段（沙河街组三亚段、沙河街组四亚段、孔店组）,分析结果表明:在水体浅、蒸发作用强烈的孔店组—沙四下亚段强氧化性滨浅湖环境里,钙、锶含量和Ca/Mg、Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca参数值具低值响应,铁、铝、钡、钒含量和（Fe+Al）/(Ca+Mg)参数值具高值响应;在沙四中亚段膏岩、盐岩等普遍发育的盐湖环境中,钠、锶含量和Sr/Ba、Fe/Mn、Sr/Ca均出现高值响应,锰、钡、钒含量和V/Ni、(Fe+Al)/(Ca+Mg)出现低值响应;在还原性的沙四上亚段半咸化深湖环境中,钾、钠、铁含量和Fe/Mn值具低值响应,钙、锰含量具高值响应;在沙四中亚段膏盐与泥岩共生体系中元素分布离散性明显,呈现波动性特征;Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca在盐湖环境中出现显著的高值响应,被证实可以作为良好的水体盐度指标参数,Fe/Mn、(Fe+Al)/(Ca+Mg)随水体加深逐渐增大,是良好的水体深浅指标参数。元素分布受沉积环境、岩性特征等多种地质因素的影响,在利用元素含量分布及特征元素比值来判断某单个地质因素的变化时,应该应用多种参数,进行综合判断。     

Paleo-environment and reservoir evolution of the Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation in the northern Tianhuan area,Ordos Basin,China: implications for high-quality reservoir development

The Middle Ordovician Kelimoli Formation carbonate reservoirs in the northern Tianhuan area, Ordos Basin, China are main exploration targets. Subsurface core samples, logging, drilling and production data from the area were used to characterise the carbonate reservoir and to construct a genetic model for exploration. The sedimentary facies identified include trough–continental rise, upper–lower slope, platform margin reef-shoal, open platform and evaporation-restricted platform. The slope and platform margin facies are potential zones for high-quality reservoirs. Porosity in the study area comprises intergrain, intercrystal, intragrain and intracrystal pores, fractures and vughs. The Sr/Ba (0.40–4.87) and V/(V + Ni) (0.64–0.97) ratios indicate deposition in a brackish water-dominated environment under reducing conditions, associated with sea-level fluctuations during the deposition of the Kelimoli Formation. The Sr/Ba, V/(V + Ni), ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, δ¹⁸O values and crystal texture of dolomite samples suggest that meteoric water was involved in the diagenetic fluid in the near-surface depositional environment. Isotopes (δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O) and trace elements (Fe and Mn) allowed the identification of seepage-reflux and mixed-water dolomitisation. The crystal textures of the samples consist of micritic, bioclastic and reefal limestones, and dolomite with gypsum, which were easily dissolved during the early diagenetic stage. The epidiagenetic stage was the key period for the development of high-quality reservoirs because of large-scale bedding-parallel karstification from meteoric water. The reservoir zones, dominated by partially filled and unfilled vughs, and fractures, are favourable exploration targets in the northern Tianhuan area.     

陕南西乡寒武纪梅树村期微古生物群产出层位的地球化学特征及古环境和古气候条件研究

陕南西乡微体化石对于研究寒武纪大爆发具有非常重要的意义,前人研究大都局限于微体古生物的研究,而化石的成岩背景以及古环境研究尚属空白.因此本文通过测试主微量稀土元素及氧同位素来分析研究区的古沉积环境,在一定程度上填补了这一区域的空白.研究手段虽然在地化领域比较常见,但具有重要的参考价值.本文通过对富含小壳化石的"宽川铺段...