南秦岭凤太盆地金矿与铅锌矿的成矿模式

通过对凤太盆地八卦庙金矿和八方山一二里河铅锌矿的矿床地质、矿床地球化学、流体地球化学的研究，发现两类矿床δ（^30Si）分布范围与海底喷流沉积成因硅质岩的硅同位素接近，表明其属热水沉积成因。矿床δ（^34S）比较接近，但铅锌矿矿石中硫源来源更广。碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素特征显示两类矿床均具有热水沉积特点，金矿的样品更趋向于火成岩，表明受后期岩浆热液影响更大。经过流体包裹体测温，金矿床均一温度变化范围大，具有多期次多阶段的特征。矿床同位素和流体包裹体特征表明，金矿床与铅锌矿床在成矿物源、成矿流体特征等方面都存在很多相似性，反映出热水喷流作用与两类矿床成因有密切的关系，但二者又存在差异。结合成矿地质背景，认为铅锌矿的形成与定位受区域热变质改造和动力作用控制，而金矿的形成主要受晚期岩浆热液活动控制，由此建立了金矿与铅锌矿的成矿模式。     

陕西太白县岩房湾铅锌矿成矿流体特征研究

岩房湾铅锌矿位于陕西省太白县王家楞九坪沟南侧约2km的岩房湾梁一带,地处南秦岭中-高山区,扁家沟与九坪沟的分水岭处,为一中小型铅锌矿床。以孔管子-松坪复背斜为轴,八方山二里河、岩房湾等铅锌矿床位于该复背斜的北翼,构成八方山-王家楞矿带,铅锌矿床以遭受印支-燕山期热液强烈改造为特征。目前,岩房湾铅锌矿的研究程度比较低,通过对其成矿流体方面     

辽宁青城子铅锌矿成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源示踪

青城子铅锌矿地处辽东-吉南裂谷带西端,是中国东北地区著名的铅锌矿床,其成矿作用复杂。为了深入揭示该矿床的成矿流体特征和成矿物质来源,本文在对青城子铅锌矿床(喜鹊沟、甸南、本山)地质特征研究的基础上,开展了流体包裹体测温和激光拉曼成分分析,H、O、C、S、Pb同位素分析,并进行了多元同位素体系的综合示踪。青城子铅锌矿床发育富液相包裹体,局部发育H_2O-CO_2三相包裹体。成矿温度范围大,是多阶段成矿作用发展演化的反映(至少两期成矿),成矿温度主要在190℃~310℃之间,应属中温成矿,成矿流体为中温低盐度的水盐流体。激光拉曼成分特征,成矿流体总体属于含CH_4的H_2O-CO_2-NaCl体系,属于还原性流体,具有深源的特征。氢氧同位素结果显示,成矿热液主要来源于岩浆水和大气降水。硫同位素特征表明,矿体中的硫可能主要来自海水硫酸盐的还原。碳氧同位素特征表明,成矿物质可能起源于地层,后期发生岩浆热液改造。铅同位素结果表明,矿石中铅是地层与岩浆岩的混合源铅。     

湘西—黔东下寒武统铅锌矿床流体包裹体和硫、铅、碳同位素地球化学特征

湘西—黔东下寒武统铅锌矿床位于湘西—鄂西成矿带西南部湘黔边境地区,是一类产于寒武系清虚洞组藻灰岩中的铅锌矿床。对李梅、狮子山、嗅脑、卜口场4个矿床开展了流体包裹体及硫、铅、碳同位素地球化学分析,分析结果表明:铅锌矿石流体包裹体具有低温、中-高盐度特点;硫化物δ34S值较高;围岩及方解石的δ13C、δ18O组成均为正常海相碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成;矿石与围岩的铅同位素组成变化范围不大,所有铅同位素数据在207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb图中呈线性分布。综合分析认为,湘西—黔东下寒武统铅锌矿床成矿流体可能为区域迁移流体与地层封存水构成的混合流体,成矿物质大部分来源于碳酸盐岩围岩地层,可能有部分Pb、Zn等金属元素随区域迁移流体带入,矿床的形成可能为两种来源流体混合后Pb、Zn等金属元素因物理化学条件的改变而沉淀成矿,矿床成因类型应为密西西比型铅锌矿床。     

秦岭凤太成矿区金多金属矿床成矿流体地球化学研究

笔者以八卦庙金矿床和八方山—二里河铅锌矿床为例，对秦岭凤太成矿区内铅锌矿床与金矿床的成矿流体特征进行了对比。研究表明：本区各矿床流体包裹体中的气相成分属CO2-N2-CO-CH4-H2型，但八卦庙金矿床不同成矿阶段的CH4含量明显较高，而，fO2和，fS2值又低于铅锌矿床；液相成分中，八卦庙金矿床除Ca^2 /Mg^2 和Eh值小于铅锌矿床以外，主成矿期的Na^ ／K^ 、Cl^-、F^-、pH值均大于后者，两者的主成矿期均为中盐度，但前者明显大于后者；溶液水中的氢、氧同位素显示铅锌矿床的水源主要为地层水，而八卦庙金矿床中的水源主要是岩浆水或受岩浆加热的地层水，其与岩浆热液的成矿关系较为密切。     

湘西北铅锌矿床碳氢氧同位素特征及成矿环境分析

文章简要介绍了湘西北铅锌矿床的成矿地质背景、铅锌元素在地层中的分布规律和岩石中的分布情况,并通过研究湘西北铅锌矿床中的洛塔、花垣、凤凰3个铅锌汞矿床稳定同位素组成特征,阐明了未蚀变的围岩(正常灰岩)碳、氧同位素组成特征、轻微蚀变灰岩的碳、氧同位素组成特征及方解石脉的碳、氧同位素组成特征。根据流体包裹体氢、氧同位素组成特征、流体包裹体的一般特征进一步探讨了成矿物理化学条件如成矿过程中的成矿温度、成矿压力、盐度、成矿流体的化学性质、成矿流体的pH值和Eh值,并试尝提出了湘西北铅锌矿床的成矿模式。认为湘西北铅锌矿床属于密西西比型矿床。     

阿吾拉勒山琼布拉克铜矿床流体包裹体及碳氧同位素研究

琼布拉克铜矿床位于新疆伊宁县境内,前人对该矿床的成因一直存在争议.文章通过对琼布拉克铜矿床方解石中的流体包裹体进行系统的岩相学、显微测温学和碳氧稳定同位素分析研究,探讨了成矿流体的来源及演化.研究表明:琼布拉克铜矿床的流体包裹体主要为气-液两相包裹体,另有少量的气相包裹体,未见富CO2和含子矿物的流体包裹体,显示出张性...     

滇西北安乐铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

安乐铅锌矿床位于三江地区的中甸断凹,是滇西北地区一处重要的铅锌矿。本文通过对该矿床与矿石密切共生的石英中流体包裹体的类型、特征、均一温度、盐度、密度、成矿压力以及流体包裹体中气液相成分的分析,探讨了流体性质、演化及矿床成因。结果表明,该区流体主要属于CO2一H20一NaCl体系,均一温度范围在130～370℃之间,盐度在3．00％～12．75％NaCl之间,由成矿压力推算的成矿深度为1．37～3．77km^2矿床特征及包裹体特征与造山型矿床相似,推测该矿床属于“同造山”构造体制下发育的成矿系统。     

四川天宝山大型铅锌矿床成矿流体及同位素地球化学

天宝山铅锌矿床位于扬子地块西南缘小江-甘洛断裂带和箐河-程海断裂带之间,是川滇黔多金属成矿带川西南地区重要的大型铅锌矿床。根据矿床流体包裹体岩相观察发现,天宝山铅锌矿床流体包裹体类型简单,主要为富液相包裹体,气相分数较小,少量纯液相包裹体。显微测温工作表明主成矿阶段流体温度峰值在110~140℃之间,w(NaCleq)集中于10%~14%,整体具有中低温、中低盐度特征,少部分流体包裹体w(NaCleq)为2%~6%,显示少量低盐度流体的混入。群体包裹体成分分析表明各期流体成分相似,液相为Na~+-Ca~(2+)-SO_4~(2-)-Cl~-型流体,气相主要为H_2O、CO_2,并有部分的H_2、CO及CH_4还原性气体。对以上流体包裹体成分数据分析发现成矿流体主要源于盆地热卤水,存在部分大气降水的参与。此外,C、O同位素、流体包裹体H、O同位素及硫化物S同位素组成表明,成矿流体除盆地卤水和大气降水来源外,还存在变质水及有机质流体来源,成矿还原硫主要来自灯影组硫酸盐和深源硫的混合。     

新疆阿尔恰勒铅锌矿成矿模式①

阿尔恰勒铅锌矿产于下石炭统阿克沙克组灰岩中,铅锌矿体呈层状富厚矿体产出。铅同位素组成表明该矿床的铅可能主要来源于造山带,硫同位素组成显示硫来源于地幔或地壳深部,氢氧同位素反映出成矿流体具有大气降水加入的特征,包裹体特征为中温成矿和低盐度流体。该矿床属于层控矿床,为喷流沉积改造富集形成的矿床,并建立了成矿模式。     

湘西花垣矿集区柔先山铅锌矿床的成矿时间和物质来源

花垣矿集区位于我国湘西-黔东成矿带,作为世界级的超大型铅锌矿床之一,预测储量超过千万吨,位于花垣矿集区中部渔塘矿田的柔先山铅锌矿床是区内典型的铅锌矿床.采用闪锌矿Rb-Sr分相法获得了柔先山铅锌矿床的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为412±6 Ma（MSWD=1.5,初始86Sr/87Sr=0.709 32）,地质时代为早泥盆世,这一年龄限定了花垣地区铅锌矿床的时代.柔先山矿床的铅锌矿矿石流体包裹体、Sr-S-Pb同位素示踪研究显示,成矿流体可能是地层封存水与后期迁移流体的混合,成矿元素中的铅主要来源于围岩,硫由赋矿层位之上的含膏岩层经历热化学还原过程供给,铅和锶同位素特征都指示上地壳来源.      

保山镇康地块矽卡岩型铅锌矿床成因初探

保山镇康地块是"三江"南段重要的铅锌多金属成矿区之一,地质构造复杂,铅锌成矿地质条件优越,其中核桃坪与芦子园是近年发现的两个大型铅锌矿床,矿床受近NE向断裂、背斜轴部和地层控制明显,上寒武统核桃坪组与沙河床组大理岩化灰岩为主要赋矿地层,近矿围岩矽卡岩化强烈,流体包裹体,Pb、S、H、O同位素和微量元素等地球化学对比研究表明:核桃坪和芦子园铅锌矿床均经历了中温、高温两个矿化阶段;核桃坪铅锌矿床矿石铅同位素较芦子园铅锌矿床有较高的比值和较大的变化范围,均以高μ值为特征,属于放射性成因铅,暗示其成矿物质以壳源铅为主;硫化物硫同位素均多为较低正值并呈塔式分布,具有岩浆硫特征,两者均无生物硫酸盐热化学还原作用的参与,其中硫同位素分馏已达平衡;与硫化物共生的石英δDH2O(-109‰~-91‰)和δ18OH2O(-4.3‰~2.3‰)同位素研究表明核桃坪矿床成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆水,并遭受后期大气降水或地层水的混合;核桃坪矿床与芦子园矿床的微量元素具有岩浆热液型矿床特征,不同于VMS型、MVT型铅锌矿床。因此,笔者认为两个矿床应属于与深部隐伏岩体有关的中-高温矽卡岩型铅锌矿床,矿区深部隐伏岩体的侵入产生岩浆热液并携带Pb、Zn等成矿物质与地层水或大气降水混合,在背斜轴部与NE向断裂的交汇处形成该类型矿床。     

Petrogenetic and Metallogenetic Background of the Dajing Cu–Sn–Ag–Pb–Zn Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia, and Characteristics of the Mineralizing Fluid

Abstract: The Dajing Cu–Sn–Ag–Pb–Zn ore deposit, Inner Mongolia of China, is a fissure‐filling hydrothermal ore deposit that occurs within the Upper Permian Linxi group. No magmatic pluton and volcanic rocks outcrop on the surface of the deposit. Most of ore veins show clear‐cut boundary with country rocks. Wallrock alterations that include silicification, carbonation, chlori–tization, and sericitization are generally weak and occur in the close vicinity of ore veins. Mineralization is divided into three stages: (1) cassiterite–arsenopyrite–quartz stage, (2) sulfide stage, and (3) Pb–Zn–Ag–carbonate stage. These mineralization stages have distinct ranges of homogenization temperatures, 290–350C for Stage 1, 260–320C for Stage 2, and 150–250C for Stage 3. However, salinities for Stages 1, 2, and 3 overlap and range between 2.2 and 10.4 wt % NaCl equivalent. The dD values relative to V‐SMOW of inclusion water from quartz are lower than –88% and centered at –100 to –130%. The δ³⁴S values relative to CDT of sulfide ore minerals and δ¹³C values relative to PDB of carbonate gangue minerals, vary from –0.3 to +2.6%, and from –7.0 to –2.9%, respectively. Integrated isotopic data point to two major contributions to the mineralizing fluid that include a dominant meteoric‐derived water and the other from hypogene magma for sulfur and carbon species. Analyses of inclusion gas and liquid compositions are performed. The H₂O and CO₂ are the two most abundant gaseous components, whereas SO₄^2‐ and Cl^‐, and Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and K⁺ are the major anions and cations, respectively. A linear trend is shown on the gaseous H₂O versus CO₂ plot. Phase separation is excluded as cause for the trend on the basis of isotope data and fluid inclusion microthermometry. In addition, a weak wallrock alteration does not support fluid‐rock interaction as an efficient mechanism. Hence, the linear H₂O–CO₂ trend is interpreted in terms of absorption or dilution of CO₂–dominant magmatic vapor by meteoric‐derived water. Cooling effects resulting from dilution may have caused precipitation of ore minerals. Major and trace element compositions of regional granites show a high‐K calc–alkaline characteristics and an arc–affinity. Lead isotopic compositions of galena samples from the Dajing deposit exhibit elevated U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios. These characteristics indicate a common source of supra subduction zone mantle wedge for regional granites and metals from the Dajing deposit.     

新疆东准噶尔松喀尔苏铜金矿区斑岩型矿床成因研究

松喀尔苏铜金矿区位于卡拉麦里石炭纪陆相火山岩带。文章通过矿床地质、围岩蚀变、含矿斑岩、流体包裹体和同位素研究,探讨了矿床成因类型。研究表明,松喀尔苏矿床具斑岩型矿床的特征,铜金矿化体产于岩体接触带,围岩蚀变具有分带性,从岩体向围岩依次发育绢英岩化带、高岭石化带和青磐岩化带,绢英岩化带与成矿相关。含矿斑岩复式岩体系同期陆相火山活动产物,成矿作用在时间、空间和成因上与复式岩体中晚期花岗斑岩有关。花岗斑岩具有富水、富挥发性组分和岩浆爆破作用的氧化性岩浆特点,具有后碰撞花岗岩类的地球化学亲缘性,其岩浆起源于后碰撞挤压-伸展转换期的壳-幔岩浆过渡带。幔源岩浆注入、软流圈地幔底侵作用和壳-幔岩浆混合作用是形成含矿斑岩岩浆的主导因素。流体包裹体包括液相包裹体、气相包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,激光拉曼探针分析表明,气相成分以CO₂和CH₄为主。成矿流体具有从高温、高盐度岩浆体系向低温、低盐度与大气降水混合的演化过程,流体沸腾或不混溶作用及温度、盐度降低是导致流体中成矿物质沉淀的主要因素。氢、氧同位素组成表明成矿流体以岩浆水为主,在成矿晚期混有大气降水。硫同位素具幔源硫的特征。铅同位素组成显示成矿作用起源于下地壳-上地幔过渡带的岩浆作用。综上所述,该矿床属于与陆相火山-侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜金矿床。     

Fluid Inclusions and C?H?O?S?Pb Isotopes: Implications for the Genesis of the Zhuanshanzi Gold Deposit on the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

The Zhuanshanzi gold deposit lies in the eastern section of the Xingmeng orogenic belt and the northern section of the Chifeng‐Chaoyang gold belt. The gold veins are strictly controlled by a NW‐oriented shear fault zone. Quartz veins and altered tectonic rock‐type gold veins are the main vein types. The deposits can be divided into four mineralization stages, and the second and third metallogenic stages are the main metallogenic stages. In this paper, based on the detailed field geological surveys, an analysis of the orebody and ore characteristics, microtemperature measurement of fluid inclusions, the Laser Raman spectrum of the inclusions, determination of C? H? O? S? Pb isotopic geochemical characteristics, and so on were carried out to explore the origin of the ore‐forming fluids, ore‐forming materials, and the genesis of the deposits. The results show that the fluid inclusions can be divided into four types: type I – gas–liquid two‐phase inclusions; type II – gas‐rich inclusions; type III– liquid inclusions; and type IV – CO₂‐containing three‐phase inclusions. However, they are dominated by type Ib – gas liquid inclusions and type IV – three‐phase inclusions containing CO₂. The gas compositions are mainly H₂O and CO₂, indicating that the metallogenic system is a CO₂? H₂O? NaCl system. The homogenization temperature of the ore‐forming fluid evolved from a middle temperature to a low temperature, and the temperature of the fluid was further reduced due to meteoric water mixing during the late stage, as well as a lack of CO₂ components, and eventually evolved into a simple NaCl? H₂O hydrothermal system. C? H? O? S? Pb isotope research proved that the ore‐forming fluids are mainly magmatic water during the early stage, with abundant meteoric water mixed in during the late stage. Ore‐forming materials originated mostly from hypomagma and were possibly influenced by the surrounding rocks, suggesting that the ore‐forming materials were mainly magmatic hydrothermal deposits, with a small amount of crustal component. The fluid immiscibility and the CO₂ and CH₄ gases in the fluids played an active and important role in the precipitation and enrichment of Au during different metallogenic stages. The deposit is considered a magmatic hydrothermal deposit of middle–low temperature.     

Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen,Oxygen, and Lead Isotopes of the Antuoling Molybdenum Deposit,Northern Taihang Mountains,China

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry‐type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz–pyrite stage, a middle quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz–carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two‐phase aqueous inclusions, daughter‐mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, CO₂–H₂O inclusions, and pure CO₂ inclusions. From the early to the late ore‐forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270–425°C, and 195–330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3–47.3 wt%, and 2.2–10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore‐forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl–CO₂–H₂O to the NaCl–H₂O system. The δ¹⁸O_H2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and ?117.5‰ to ?134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides (²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 36.320–37.428; ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 15.210–15.495; ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, 16.366–17.822) indicate that the ore‐forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle–lower crust source.     

Isotope and fluid inclusion geochemistry of the Cangyuan Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit in Yunnan,SW China

The Cangyuan Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic deposit is located in the Baoshan Block, southern Sanjiang Orogen. The orebodies are hosted in low-grade metamorphic rocks and skarn in contact with Cenozoic granitic rocks. Studies on fluid inclusions (FIs) of the deposit indicate that the ore-forming fluids are CO₂-bearing, NaCl-H₂O. The initial fluids evolved from high temperatures (462–498 °C) and high salinities (54.5–58.4 wt% NaCl equiv) during the skarn stage into mesothermal (260–397 °C) and low salinities (1.2–9.5 wt% NaCl equiv) during the sulfide stage. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic compositions (δ¹⁸O_H2O: 2.7–8.8‰; δD: −82 to −120‰) suggest that the ore-forming fluids are mixture of magmatic fluids and meteoric water. Sulfur isotopic compositions of the sulfides yield δ³⁴S values of −2.3 to 3.2‰; lead isotopic compositions of ore sulfides are similar to those of granitic rocks, indicating that the sulfur and ore-metals are derived from the granitic magma. We propose that the Cangyuan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit formed from magmatic hydrothermal fluids. These Cenozoic deposits situated in the west of Lanping-Changdu Basin share many similarities with the Cangyuan in isotopic compositions, including the Laochang, Lanuoma and Jinman deposits. This reveals that the Cenozoic granites could have contributed to Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization in the Sanjiang region despite the abundance of Cenozoic Pb-Zn deposits in the region, such as the Jingding Pb-Zn deposit, that is thought to be of basin brine origin.     

Ore Genesis and Tectonic Significance of the Xiaojiashan Tungsten Deposit,Eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Stable Isotope Geochemistry

The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H–O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub‐Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D₂d ₁²). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A‐type granite with high potassic calc‐alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)‐enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten‐bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143–354°C of T_h, and white quartz veins have 154–312°C of T_h. The laser‐Raman test shows that CO₂ is found in fluid inclusions of the tungsten‐bearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor‐phase contents of CO₂, H₂O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid‐phase contents of Cl^?, Na⁺. It can be speculated that the ore‐forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H₂O–CO₂, low salinity, and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore‐forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore‐forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be ~227 Ma. During the ore‐forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore‐bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten‐bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.     

滇中荒田铅锌矿床Rb-Sr同位素年代学与C-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学特征

滇中荒田铅锌矿床赋存于下二叠统碳酸盐岩与上二叠统峨眉山玄武岩接触界面上,矿体主要呈似层状、透镜状产出。矿石矿物组合以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,脉石矿物以石英、方解石、白云石为主。热液方解石C、O同位素组成表明荒田铅锌矿床成矿流体中CO_2的碳具有多元性,主要来源于幔源与海相碳酸盐岩的混合碳;硫化物硫同位素组成表明荒田铅锌矿床硫以岩浆硫为主,可能混有其他硫源(可能包括地层硫酸盐),铅同位素表明赋矿围岩、玄武岩和燕山期花岗岩均有可能为成矿提供了成矿物质,是多源混合后的产物;闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素等时线年龄为(83.2±3.4)Ma,指示荒田铅锌矿床形成于晚燕山期,荒田铅锌矿床成矿动力学背景可能与右江褶皱带在中生代末期发生了大规模的岩石圈伸展有关。而晚二叠世海相喷发火山岩对矿区铅锌矿床的形成起了重要的盖层、赋矿层及矿化作用。综上,荒田铅锌矿床成矿流体中的不同组分来源不同,矿床类型为沉积-改造型矿床。     

Hydrothermal Fluid Sources of the Fengjia Barite–fluorite Deposit in Southeast Sichuan,China: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions and Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes

The Fengjia barite–fluorite deposit in southeast Sichuan is a stratabound ore deposit which occurs mainly in Lower Ordovician carbonate rocks. Here we present results from fluid inclusion and oxygen and hydrogen isotope studies to determine the nature and origin of the hydrothermal fluids that generated the deposit. The temperature of the ore‐forming fluid shows a range of 86 to 302 °C. Our detailed microthermometric data show that the temperature during mineralization of the fluorite and barite in the early ore‐forming stage was higher than that during the formation of the calcite in the late ore‐forming stage. The salinity varied substantially from 0.18% to 21.19% NaCl eqv., whereas the density was around 1.00 g/cm³. The fluid composition was mainly H₂O (>91.33%), followed by CO₂, CH₄ and traces of C₂H₆, CO, Ar, and H₂S. The dominant cation was Na⁺ and the dominant anion Cl^‐, followed by Ca²⁺, SO₄^2‐, K⁺, and Mg²⁺, indicating a mid–low‐temperature, mid‐low‐salinity, low‐density NaCl–H₂O system. Our results demonstrate that the temperature decreased during the ore‐forming process and the fluid system changed from a closed reducing environment to an open oxidizing environment. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data demonstrate that the hydrothermal fluids in the study area had multiple sources, primarily formation water, as well as meteoric water and metamorphic water. Combined with the geological setting and mineralization features we infer that the stratabound barite–fluorite deposits originated from mid–low‐temperature hydrothermal fluids and formed vein filling in the fault zone.