赣中聚源大型石英脉型白钨矿床含铀富钨矿物初步研究

聚源钨矿是华南地区为数不多的大型石英脉型白钨矿矿床之一。在详细的野外地质调查基础上,本文利用α径迹蚀刻、电子显微镜、扫描电镜以及电子探针等实验手段,对该矿床含钨和含铀矿物开展了精细矿物学的研究工作,探讨了成矿过程中钨和铀的富集规律。研究显示,该矿床钨铀矿物的形成可分为四个阶段:第一阶段,钨铀主要进入富含Nb、Ti的氧化物矿物,形成铌铁矿、钇易解石等富钨矿物,另有极少量的钨进入黑钨矿和早阶段白钨矿;第二阶段,铌铁矿与钇易解石被后期流体交代,形成含钨富铀的骑田岭矿、铌锰矿以及钛-钇易解石;第三阶段,钨进入中阶段白钨矿,这一阶段也是钨最主要的矿化阶段;第四阶段,钨进入晚阶段白钨矿。最后两阶段白钨矿中铀含量不高。骑田岭矿(WO_3 26.74%～29.68%),是聚源钨矿中除白钨矿和黑钨矿之外钨含量最高的含钨矿物。该矿易解石族矿物WO_3最高可达9.80%,极度富钨,是目前有文可查的钨含量最高的易解石。聚源钨矿中的含钨矿物大多数为白钨矿,但绝大多数的白钨矿却在骑田岭矿、易解石族矿物、铌铁矿族矿物、黑钨矿之后形成,说明成矿流体在演化过程中,绝大多数W首先进入富含Nb、Ti的含铀矿物和少量黑钨矿,之后才是白钨矿的大量结晶。     

邹家山铀矿床伴生重稀土元素的赋存特征

初步研究发现,相山矿田邹家山矿床中伴生有较高的重稀土元素,回收这些珍稀的资源和探索其成因具有重要的意义,而查明这些伴生稀土在铀矿床中的赋存特征是前期基础性工作。为此本文采用电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱分析了邹家山铀矿床中稀土元素的赋存状态。结果显示：该矿床稀土矿物主要为独居石、氟碳钙铈矿和磷钇矿;独居石、氟碳钙铈矿的LREE/HREE>1,为轻稀土富集型;而磷钇矿的LREE/HREE<1,为重稀土富集型。沥青铀矿、钛铀矿、铀钍石、铀石、钍石、锆石等铀钍矿物的稀土特征为重稀土富集型;铀钍矿物稀土总量（∑REE+Y）较高,为（3 805.78~65 307.00）×10^-6,LREE/HREE<1,为0.01~0.80,平均为0.29。其他伴生矿物磷灰石、钾长石为轻稀土富集型,萤石为轻、重稀土富集型两类都有,而伊利石、黄铁矿的轻重稀土无明显相对富集。重稀土在磷钇矿和铀钍矿物中以类质同象形式存在,少量赋存于伴生矿物。     

变生易解石的特性

研究了易解石族４个变生矿物样品的物理化学性质，并得出以下五点特性：１．差热曲线特征：没变生的易解石在７００－８００℃无放热峰，而变生的就有，变生程度越深，放热峰幅度越大；２．易解石变生程度越深，矿物加热处理恢复晶态的温度越高，但不能超过１２００℃；３．易解石含放射性元素钍和铀量越高，变生程度越深；４．易解石变生程度与钍和铀的种类有关；５．４个易解石样品的化学成分：ＴｈＯ＿２和ＴｉＯ＿２、ＴｈＯ＿２和Ｎｂ＿２Ｏ＿５、Ｃｅ＿２Ｏ＿３和Ｎｄ＿２Ｏ＿３、ＴｉＯ＿２和Ｎｂ＿２Ｏ＿５都呈线型关系。     

沙特阿拉伯Jabal Twalah地区铀/钍矿化特征与成矿机制

目前,沙特阿拉伯西北部Jabal Twalah地区铀钍资源勘查程度较低,对该地区的铀成矿机制研究相对薄弱.本文主要对该地区新发现的伟晶岩型和花岗岩热液型铀矿化带的矿化特征和成矿机制开展研究.区内与铀钍矿化相关的伟晶岩和围岩花岗岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为638.6±3.2 Ma和632.5±1.5 Ma,两者时代基本一致.综合岩相学、地球化学以及扫描电镜能谱分析等研究结果,发现矿化伟晶岩强烈富集U、Th、稀土及稀有金属元素,复杂的高温蚀变矿物组合特征暗示可能经历了岩浆期后热液的改造,改造前后矿化伟晶岩中的铀和钍未发生分离,以副矿物形式存在而无独立铀矿物,具岩浆矿物组合的特征,如金红石、锆石、氟碳铈矿、磷钇矿、钍石等.花岗岩热液型单铀矿化带的地表样品中铀矿物主要为硅铅铀矿和硅钙铀矿,脉石矿物主要为赤铁矿、萤石、石英以及少量方解石,铀矿化受控于高铀含量的碱性花岗岩、强烈硅化构造破碎带以及晚期酸性基性脉岩活动等因素.强烈硅化的构造破碎带及其转折部位或者与脉岩交汇部位是今后重要的找矿方向.     

粤北棉花坑铀矿床蚀变花岗岩副矿物特征研究

采用电子探针等测试方法,对采自棉花坑铀矿床特富矿体蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物,特别是富铀副矿物进行研究。蚀变花岗岩中的副矿物有锆石、直氟碳钙铈矿、铀石-钍石、磷灰石、磷钇矿、褐帘石等,其中主要富铀副矿物有铀石-钍石、磷钇矿、独居石。研究表明,热液作用能使副矿物的晶体结构和成分发生改变,甚至形成新的矿物,同时使富铀副矿物释放大量的铀进入成矿流体,如磷钇矿蚀变为磷灰石、铀钍石蚀变为铅钍石、独居石可蚀变为直氟碳钙铈矿等;磷灰石、锆石、褐帘石等副矿物铀含量较低,而且在蚀变过程中,它们保持相对稳定,且晶形完好,释放的铀量少;部分蚀变锆石出现相反情况,其铀含量不降反升。研究还表明,富铀副矿物受热液作用越强,即距热液活动中心越近,铀含量的降低越明显,释放的铀就越多,从而为铀矿床的形成提供了丰富的铀源。     

青海西部尕斯库勒盐湖沉积物中铀和钍地球化学特征探讨

文章以柴达木盆地西部尕斯库勒盐湖沉积物为研究对象,通过对钻孔沉积物和地表沉积物中铀和钍含量的研究,探讨了盐湖沉积物中铀和钍的地球化学特征。分析表明,钻孔沉积物中铀和钍之间存在明显的正相关关系。在横向上,随地表取样点逐渐远离湖表卤水,沉积物中铀和钍的含量先增高后又急剧降低,且受补给水铀含量影响大;在纵向上,同一个晶间卤水层或者碎屑物沉积层内铀含量垂直分异明显,铀含量随深度增加而递增。就沉积物中铀和钍的赋存形式而言,2/3的铀被黏土质点吸附,1/3的铀夹杂在盐类矿物中;而90%以上的钍被黏土质点吸附,10%以下的钍夹杂在盐类矿物中。干盐滩中毛细蒸发和淋滤等化学沉积分异作用造成盐湖沉积中心的沉积物铀含量相对较高。     

应用能谱-扫描电镜和X射线衍射技术研究原煤伴生矿物中稀土和放射性元素赋存形式

研究原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,对原煤是集中还是分散利用、燃煤过程中粉煤灰的排放截留、从原煤或粉煤灰中提取稀土及放射性元素等方面都具有指导意义。由前人研究可知不同矿区原煤中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式有差异。本文研究了山西省霍西煤田两个矿区175个煤样中稀土及放射性元素的赋存形式,应用背散射电子图像(BSEI)定位分析区域,应用BSEI、能谱-扫描电镜法(EDX-SEM)中的面分析(EDS-mapping)和粉晶X射线衍射法确定了主要伴生矿物,应用BSEI和EDX-SEM中的点分析(EDS-point)确定了微量伴生矿物。在煤样中发现了铈镧钕钇镝钪六种稀土元素及一种放射性元素钍,其中铈、镧和钕主要以磷酸盐形式伴生于高岭石类矿物中,部分伴生在含氧化铝或氧化硅较多的矿物中,少量存在于碳中;钇、镝以磷酸盐或氧化物形式独立存在于碳中;在部分锆石、独居石中分别发现了钪和钍。研究表明,该矿区煤样中稀土元素主要以细粒自生矿物的形式伴生在其他矿物中,少数以独立矿物的形式存在于碳中,放射性元素钍伴生在独居石中。     

钕易解石

易解石为含稀土钛铌钽的复杂氧化物,钕易解石为化学组分中富含钕的易解石。即钛铌钽酸盐类矿物。钕易解石是比较罕见的矿物,它的发现和研究在理论和实用方面均具重要意义。 谢苗诺夫等最先确定出富钕的易解石,而列文星最早指出了命名的原则,谢苗诺夫则认为碱性花岗岩热液脉中或花岗伟晶岩中的易解石富钕。 本文对产自我国内蒙白云鄂博热液交代矿床中的钕易解石进行了分析、研究。     

相山破火山口内中低温热液铀矿床的铀钍类质同像研究

作者在研究火山岩铀矿床的过程中,发现产于相山破火山口内的某些中低温热液铀矿床的主要工业矿物为含钍沥青铀矿等铀钍矿物。这些铀钍矿物的矿物学研究和实验室内模拟中低温热条件下人工合成含钍沥青铀矿的验实结果都证明,在含钍沥青铀矿和其它铀钍矿物中,钍是以类质同像置换形式存在的,这表明,铀、钍不但能够在高温条件下形成广泛的类质同像置换,而且在某种特定的地球化学环境中,中低温热液条件下也可以出现铀、钍类质同像置换,形成特定的铀钍矿物系列。这一发现对进一步发展铀钍地球化学理论和认识某些矿床成因都是有重要意义的。     

試論易解石类矿物

一、前言近年来,对作为稀土和铌矿物原料的易解石类矿物的研究,引起了人們的广泛兴趣。本文卽意在对該类矿物作一全面性的討論。我們知道,在矿物学上象易解石、钇易解石、多钛钶矿这样一些含稀土的偏钛铌酸盐     

Melt-Solid Dihedral Angles of Common Minerals in Natural Rocks

The melt–solid dihedral angle has been measured in a rangeof igneous rock types, ranging in composition from picrite,through basalt, phonolite, andesite and rhyolite, for the mineralsquartz, leucite, plagioclase, olivine, amphibole and clinopyroxene.Populations of up to 104 true 3-D angles were measured in eachsample using a universal stage mounted on an optical microscope.The median and standard deviation of the angle populations foreach mineral are distinct (plagioclase 25°, with standarddeviation (SD) 11°; clinopyroxene 38°, with SD 14°;olivine 29°, with SD 13°; quartz 18°, with SD 9°;leucite 20°, with SD 11°), with no control by eithermelt composition or degree of approach of the grains to theirequilibrium shapes. KEY WORDS: dihedral angle; textural equilibrium; universal stage     

华北板块南缘的变形分解:洛南-栾川断裂带与秦岭北缘强变形带研究

秦岭洛南-栾川断裂带具有左旋斜向俯冲的运动学特征,其产状一般为107°/N∠65°。华南板块的俯冲方向为80°,俯冲角度为42°;华南板块运动方向为42°,运动方向与华北板块南部边界的夹角为65°,汇聚角25°。秦岭北缘强变形带内褶皱枢纽延伸方向为290°,与洛南-栾川断裂带存在15°的夹角。逆冲断层走向与褶皱的枢纽方向基本一致,大多数断层与洛南-栾川断裂带有相同的运动学极性,性质为左行平移逆断层。平移正断层走向主要为NE SW,断层性质、展布方向、运动学特征与板块汇聚的应力作用方式吻合;片理、片麻理走向117°,与洛南-栾川断裂带走向夹角为10°。在垂直剪切带的剖面上,系统观察岩石变形特征,测量面理产状,进行岩石有限应变测量,岩石非共轴递进变形分析结果表明:秦岭北缘强变形带内由南向北面理走向与剪切带走向的夹角逐渐增大,岩石剪应变量依次递减,造山带变形具有“三斜对称”特点。     

Influence of salt front position on the occurrence of uncommon marine fishes in the Hudson River estuary

Six species of marine fishes, the Atlantic cutlassfish Trichiurus lepturus; planehead filefish, Monacanthus hispidus; guaguanche, Sphyraena guachancho; pigfish, Orthopristic chrysoptera; freckled blenny, Hypsoblenius ionthas; and short bigeye, Pristigenys alta, were observed for the first time in the Hudson River estuary in 1985. Their occurrence was associated with low freshwater runoff and the resulting upstream penetration of the salt front to historic levels. These conditions may have facilitated the dispersal of marine fishes from coastal areas into the lower Hudson River estuary.     

Generation of Palaeocene Adakitic Andesites by Magma Mixing; Yanji Area, NE China

Palaeocene (c. 55–58 Ma) adakitic andesites from the Yanjiarea, NE China, are typically clinopyroxene-bearing sodic andesitescontaining 60· 9–62· 2% SiO₂ and 4·02–4· 36% MgO, with high Mg-number [100 Mg/(Mg+ Fe) atomic ratio] from 65· 5 to 70· 1. Whole-rockgeochemical features include high Cr (128–161 ppm) andNi (86–117 ppm) concentrations, extremely high Sr (2013–2282ppm), low Y (10–11 ppm) and heavy rare earth elements(HREE; e.g. Yb = 0· 79–1· 01 ppm), and mid-oceanridge basalt (MORB)-like Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions[e.g. ⁸⁷Sr/ ⁸⁶Sr(i) = 0· 70298–0· 70316,_Nd(t) = +3· 8 to +6· 3 and ²⁰⁶Pb/ ²⁰⁴Pb = 17·98 – 18· 06], analogous to high-Mg adakites occurringin modern subduction zones. However, mineralogical evidencefrom clinopyroxene phenocrysts and microcrystalline plagioclaseclearly points to magma mixing during magma evolution. Iron-richclinopyroxene (augite) cores with low Sr, high Y and heavy REEcontents, slightly fractionated REE patterns and large negativeEu anomalies probably crystallized along with low-Ca plagioclasefrom a lower crustal felsic magma. In contrast, high Mg-numberclinopyroxene (diopside and endiopside) mantles and rims havehigher Sr and lower HREE and Y concentrations, highly fractionatedREE patterns (high La/Yb) and negligible Eu anomalies, similarto those found in adakites from subduction zones. The Yanjiadakitic andesites can be interpreted as a mixture between acrust-derived magma having low Mg-number and Sr, and high Yand HREE, and a mantle-derived high Mg-number adakite havinghigh Sr and low Y and HREE concentrations. During storage and/orascent, the mixed magma experienced further crustal contaminationto capture zircons, of a range of ages, from the wall rocks.The absence of coeval arc magmatism and an extensional tectonicregime in the Yanji area and surrounding regions suggest thatthese Palaeocene adakitic andesites were formed during post-subductionextension that followed the late Cretaceous Izanagi–Farallonridge subduction. Generation of these adakitic andesites doesnot require contemporaneous subduction of a young, hot oceanicridge or delamination of eclogitic lower crust as suggestedby previous models. KEY WORDS: magma mixing; adakitic andesites; Palaeocene; NE China     

Composition of the Precambrian Llano Uplift,central Texas,U.S.A.

The Llano uplift exposes rocks of approximately 1000 m.y. age. The weighted average composition of the exposed crust is: 70.7% SiO₂; 0.35% TiO₂; 13.6% A1₂O₃; 3.4% total Fe as Fe₂O₃; 1.1% MgO; 2.6% CaO; 3.3% Na₂O; and 4.4% K₂O. This composition is similar to, but more potassic, than equivalent estimates for the Canadian shield.     

Synthesis,solubility, electrokinetic properties and refined crystallographic data of sabugalite

Sabugalite has been synthesized directly from pure chemicals. From chemical, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses, its formula is calculated as HA1(UO₂/PO₄)₂·16H₂O. The natural relationship between hydrogen autunite, autunite and sabugalite was investigated by means of ion exchange experiments, and its infrared spectrum, electrokinetic properties and solubility studied. An increase in solubility results in a more positive zeta-potential. The cell dimensions have been determined from Guinier-Hägg diffraction data. Synthetic sabugalite crystallizes in the monoclinic system with space group C2/m and cell parameters: a=19.426 Å; b=9.843 Å; c=9.850 Å; α=γ=90°; β=96.161°; V=1,872.54 ų and Z=2.     

Assessment of heavy metals in sediment and in suspended particles affected by multiple anthropogenic contributions in harbours

La Goulette, Rades and Sidi Bou Said harbours are considered as the most important commercial and tourist ports in the Gulf of Tunis. They are located on the northeast coast of Tunis and receive industrial and municipal wastewaters from Tunis city. The contamination level of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, iron, total nitrogen and total organic carbon in the surface sediments was assessed on the basis of the enrichment index factors and corresponding to sediment quality guidelines. The results revealed moderate to highly elevated concentrations near to the sites of intense industrial, shipping and/or commercial activities suggesting a direct influence of these sources. In winter and summer, concentrations varied for cadmium, 0.28–1.40 mg kg^?1; lead, 18–217 mg kg^?1; zinc, 87–459 mg kg^?1; copper, 8–121 mg kg^?1; manganese, 208–254 mg kg^?1; and for iron, 24–40 g kg^?1. Furthermore, in summer the concentration of the total organic carbon and the total nitrogen contents range between 4.3–6.5 % and 0.06–0.49 % with an average value of 5.9 and 0.15 %, respectively. Whereas, in winter, total organic carbon and the total nitrogen concentrations varied between 2.3–9.6 % and 0.03–0.22 % with an average value of 6.1 and 0.14 %, respectively. The levels of lead, copper, zinc and iron in suspended particulate matter content range between 3.1–27.5 mg kg^?1; 0.4–11.7 mg kg^?1; 1–1.5 mg kg^?1; 1.2–1.7 g kg^?1, respectively. This study revealed that heavy metals pollution is mainly localized in the commercial (Rades) and fishing (La Goulette) harbours and not in the yachting (Sidi Bou Said) harbour.     

An Experimental Study of Fe-Al Solubility in the System Corundum-Hematite up to 40 kbar and 1300{degrees}C

The mutual solubility in the system corundum–hematite[-(Al, Fe³⁺)₂O₃] was investigated experimentally using bothsynthetic and natural materials. Mixtures of -Al₂O₃ and -Fe₂O₃(weight ratios of 8:2 and 10:1) were used as starting materialsfor synthesis experiments in air at 800–1300°C withrun times of 7–34 days. Experiments at 8–40 kbarand 490–1100°C were performed in a piston-cylinderapparatus (run times of 0·8–7·4 days) usinga natural diasporite consisting of 60–70 vol. % diasporeand 20–30 vol. % Ti-hematite. During the diasporite–corunditetransformation, the FeTiO₃ component (12–18 mol %) ofTi-hematite only slightly increased, implying that oxygen fugacitywas maintained at high values. Run products were studied byelectron microprobe and X-ray diffraction (Rietveld) techniques.An essentially linear volume of mixing exists in the solid solutionwith a slight positive deviation at the hematite side. Up to1000°C, corundum contains <4 mol % Fe₂O₃ and hematite<10 mol % Al₂O₃; at 1200°C these amounts increase to9·3 and 17·0 mol %, respectively. At 1300°Chematite was no longer stable and coexists with the orthorhombic phase . The present results agree with corundum (solvus) compositions obtained inprevious studies but indicate a larger solubility of Al in hematite.The miscibility gap in the solution can be modelled with anasymmetric Margules equation with interaction parameters (2uncertainties): ; ; ; . Application of the corundum–hematite solution as a solvus geothermometer is limited because of thescarcity of suitable rock compositions. KEY WORDS: corundum; hematite; corundum–hematite miscibility gap; experimental study; Margules model; metabauxite     

Lightning-strike fusion of gabbro and formation of magnetite-bearing fulgurite, Cornone di Blumone, Adamello, Western Alps, Italy

The Adamello gabbro exposed on the summit of Cornone di Blumone, Western Alps, Italy, has been fused by lightning strikes to form magnetite-rich fulgurites produced by melting of magnetite, hornblende, calcic plagioclase and minor clinopyroxene. The composition of quench magnetite in the fulgurite is 44.4 Fe₃O₄; 27.5 MgFe₂O₄; 15.1 FeAl₂O₄; 7.9 Fe₂TiO₄; 2.5 Fe₂SiO₄; 1.9 CaFe₂O₄; 0.8 MnFe₂O₄ and is inferred to have crystallized from a low-Si, Fe-rich melt under high oxidation conditions of about 1 log unit below the log₁₀?O₂ of hematite–magnetite. The low Si, Fe-rich melt is considered to have been produced from fusion of magnetite + hornblende-rich areas of the host gabbro and/or possible separation of an immiscible high Fe₂O₃/FeO Fe-rich, low-Si melt from a more siliceous glass during superheating. Skeletal-dendritic morphologies of magnetite in the fulgurite indicate crystallization under conditions of extreme supercooling. Juxtaposition of areas exhibiting different growth habits and crystal sizes of magnetite may reflect compositionally different local melt domains and/or small differences in the delicate balance between nucleation and growth in domains that had slightly different, although ultrafast, cooling rates.