山西晋城和阳泉地区石炭系太原组铵伊利石矿物特征及成因

铵伊利石是伊利石层间域的K+被NH+4替代而形成的类质同象.文中运用X射线衍射分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析以及热重—热流—红外光谱同步分析等手段,对山西晋城及阳泉地区的15号煤层夹矸及煤中矿物进行了研究,发现15号煤层夹矸和煤低温灰中黏土矿物以铵伊利石和高岭石为主,铵伊利石含量为21％～74％;X射线衍射图谱上d(001)...     

五家沟矿区5号煤中伴生元素地球化学特征

为了研究大同煤田南部煤中伴生元素的地球化学特征,运用矿物学、煤地球化学以及岩石学等学科的理论和研究方法,利用X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)、电感耦合等离子质谱分析(ICPMS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜+能谱分析(SEM-EDS),对五家沟矿区5号煤中伴生元素的含量及赋存特征进行研究。结果表明,五家沟5号煤中常量元素Al、Si、Ca、Fe含量较高,占到灰分总量的95%以上。Al主要以高岭石的形式存在,Si以黏土矿物和石英的形式赋存于煤中,煤中Ca的主要载体是方解石,Fe在煤中主要以黄铁矿的形式存在。煤中微量元素Li富集,Ga、Sr、Zr、Nb、Hf、Ta轻度富集。锂和镓主要赋存于高岭石中;铌和钽赋存于黏土矿物中,部分可能赋存于伊利石中;锆和铪赋存于黏土矿物中,还有部分赋存于金红石内。     

X射线衍射数据分析系统评价

以贵州省高灰、高污染组分煤中矿物质的分析为例,应用Bruker AXS D8 Advance衍射仪测得煤中矿物相的X射线衍射图谱,分别应用数据分析系统EVA 12.0、X’Pert HighScore 2.0和MDI Jade 5.0对矿物物相组成的原始测试数据进行定性分析,通过对比分析过程和结果的差异比较了三款软件系统之间的异同和优劣。     

广西合浦清水江高岭土矿的矿物学研究

广西合浦清水江高岭土矿床属花岗岩蚀变型.在区域地质背景概况调查及矿区地质特征、矿石自然品级分布研究的基础上,在矿区内7个不同地点采集样品并分离提纯.样品的X射线粉晶衍射分析表明黏土矿物主要由高岭石和伊利石组成;热分析显示了矿物的相变过程;扫描电镜观察显示高岭石为片状;其化学成分以比较低的铁、钛含量为特征;漂白作用对黄色和红色黏土的白度改善非常明显,小于2μm的颗粒分布占80%左右.这些特征表明广西合浦清水江高岭土的品质优良,具有广阔的开发利用前景.     

宁武煤田平朔矿区9号煤中锂的富集机理

从宁武煤田平朔矿区的9号煤中共采了58个煤样,通过光学显微镜、逐级化学提取、SEM-EDX分析、X射线粉末衍射和ICP-MS技术对这些样品进行分析。结果表明9号煤中Li的平均含量达到152 mg/kg,9号煤的点储量为36.7亿吨,Li O2的量达119.5万吨,也就是说煤层中锂的储量约为55.8万吨;逐级化学提取过程的结果表明,Li的富集主要与无机物有关,只有约5.5%的锂具有有机亲和力,这些无机矿物是高岭石、勃姆石、绿泥石族矿物、石英、方解石、黄铁矿以及无定形粘土状矿物等,在含锂煤层中,锂可能被粘土矿物吸附;根据古地理研究,9号煤中锂的最初来源可能是阴山古陆,盆地北部本溪组中的铝土矿可能是锂的直接来源。     

新密煤田裴沟矿二1煤中环境敏感元素地球化学特征

运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、X射线荧光光谱方法（XRF）和X射线衍射方法（XRD）,对裴沟矿二₁煤层中钒、铬、砷、硒、铅五种元素的地球化学特征进行研究。通过系统测定元素的含量、煤中无机元素和矿物组成,研究其地球化学特征及其与构造煤形成过程之间的内在联系。研究表明:裴沟矿二₁煤层中As、V和Cr的含量明显偏高,Se与Pb属正常水平;除砷元素外,目标元素与煤中无机组分关系密切,主要赋存于黏土矿物中,如钒、铬主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石、伊利石中,与硫酸盐、硫化物矿物也有联系;硒主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石中,与金红石也有一定相关性;铅主要赋存于黏土矿物高岭石中。探讨了构造煤形成过程对环境敏感元素含量的影响,环境敏感元素含量在不同煤分层中含量差异性显著,构造煤形成过程中环境敏感元素在垂向上并无大规模的迁移和明显的均一化行为。      

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部纳岭沟铀矿床黏土矿物特征

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部纳岭沟铀矿床是近年来发现的大型砂岩型铀矿床。矿床黏土蚀变强烈,与铀成矿关系密切。本文通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析测试,重点研究了纳岭沟铀矿床不同地球化学分带砂岩中的黏土矿物含量、类型及黏土矿物之间相互转化的关系,探讨了各地球化学分带的黏土矿物特征。研究发现,纳岭沟铀矿床各地球化学分带中黏土矿物以蒙脱石为主,高岭石次之,其次为绿泥石和伊利石;各地球化学分带的黏土矿物在总量上虽然相差不大,但是对具体黏土矿物的含量而言却差异明显;纳岭沟铀矿床黏土矿物对铀的吸附能力主要体现在蒙脱石,高岭石含量的变化可以反映流体环境的变化。     

谱学研究在印章石中的应用:以昌化石为例

在野外地质工作、显微镜下观察、电子探针分析和差热分析的基础上,运用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析对印章石(以著名的昌化石为例)进行了谱学分析。昌化石主要矿物成分为高岭石族矿物,主要为迪开石及高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物。通过X射线衍射图谱分析计算其结晶度指数(HI)表明,高岭石族矿物的结晶有序度存在明显的高低变化。红外光谱特征显示,其中属于外部羟基振动的3 697cm-1谱峰强度(A)与属于内部羟基振动的3 620cm-1谱峰强度(B)的比值随着结晶度指数的降低有逐渐升高的趋势,且比值A/B的大小可以大致用来区分高岭石和迪开石:一般高岭石比值大于1,而迪开石小于1。差热分析的结果也印证了高岭石族矿物有序度高低变化的现象,如:高岭石族矿物在加热到400℃～700℃时会出现一个强烈尖锐的吸热峰,吸热峰的强度及温度与其有序度的高低存在正相关性。当主要组成矿物成分为较纯净的迪开石时,其有序度相对较高,透明度也较好;当主要矿物成分为高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物时,其有序度较低,透明度也较差。X射线衍射分析和红外光谱都是研究分析印章石的有效方法,但X射线分析通常为有损分析,且仪器使用条件相对较高;而红外光谱则可以无损且具有扫描时间短等...     

准格尔煤田官板乌素6号煤层中煤矸石的矿物学特征研究

运用X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重-热流和扫描电镜等手段对准格尔矿区官板乌素煤矿主采6号煤层下部层位中煤矸石的矿物组成和微观形貌进行了系统研究。结果表明,煤矸石在官板乌素煤矿6号煤层下部层位中分布广泛,呈薄层状产出,主要矿物组成为高岭石,其次含有极少量的勃姆石等矿物。样品中SiO_2/Al_2O_3(摩尔比值)在2.00~2.10之间,接近高岭石族矿物理论比值,有害组分铁、钛含量相对较低。在扫描电镜下,可见煤矸石样品中高岭石单晶形态主要为六方片状,叠片状聚晶,晶片的片径多在5μm以下。该矿区煤矸石中的高岭石为结晶度较高的优质高岭岩,可用于生产陶瓷。     

土壤中高岭石的X射线衍射全谱拟合定量分析方法研究

本文通过提纯高纯度石英、方解石、高岭石,配置了三种已知矿物成分含量的土壤模拟样品（高岭石、石英二相模拟土壤样品,高岭石、石英、方解石三相模拟土壤样品,高岭石、自然土壤混合样品）,利用X射线衍射TOPAS全谱拟合定量分析方法对配制的9组高岭石、石英二相模拟土壤样品,9组高岭石、石英、方解石三相模拟土壤样品,9组高岭石、自然土壤混合样品三种系列覆盖4个矿物梯度的模拟土壤实验样品进行矿物定量分析,成功对比了其矿物理论含量与测试含量。通过对不含高岭石系土壤和含高岭石系土壤加标高岭石的方法,验证了X射线衍射全谱拟合定量分析法可以应用于土壤高岭石定量分析的稳定性与准确性。     

淮南煤田朱集井田岩浆侵入特征研究

在对淮南煤田朱集井田钻孔资料分析的基础上,结合侵入岩化学成分测试、X-射线衍射分析以及薄片显微镜下鉴定等结果,得出研究区侵入岩主要以岩床的形式侵入煤系地层,岩性以闪长岩、花岗岩为主,岩床层数多为单层;受NWW—NW向断裂构造带控制,侵入岩体的分布范围呈现从西向东逐渐扩大,在垂向上,从上部煤层到下部煤层,受岩浆影响的程度有明显加大的态势。由于岩浆侵入煤层,严重破坏了煤层的结构和稳定性,同时,降低了煤的工业利用价值,加大了开采难度。     

陕北石炭—二叠纪富油煤赋存特征及影响因素

加强我国富油煤合理开发对推进煤炭清洁高效利用、提升油气自主保障能力和实现碳达峰、碳中和目标具有重要意义。为查明陕北石炭–二叠纪煤田典型矿区富油煤赋存特征,基于煤炭勘查资料和样品测试结果,对比了可采煤层焦油产率变化特征,分析富油煤时空分布规律,探讨富油煤赋存影响因素。结果表明:可采煤层焦油产率均值呈北高南低趋势,古城矿区为9.22%~11.6%,府谷矿区为8.49%~11.02%,吴堡矿区为5.15%~6.89%;古城–府谷矿区主要发育富油煤,古城矿区富油煤分布以环带状为主,府谷矿区含油煤呈分散状发育于富油煤之间,吴堡矿区以含油煤为主、富油煤少量分布、高油煤不发育;府谷矿区7煤属富油–高油煤,其高油煤分布面积占比高达23%,且3、4、8煤中富油–高油煤分布面积占比均超过94%;随煤化程度升高,富油煤发育频率降低,中低阶煤分布区最有利于富油煤的赋存;煤焦油产率与活性组分、氢含量、灰成分中钙、镁、硫氧化物含量及镜惰比（V/I）、H/C原子比、挥发分产率呈正相关,与惰质组、石英、黏土矿物含量和灰分产率呈负相关;沉积环境的闭塞、还原和碱性程度越高,越利于富油煤生成和赋存。煤化程度、成煤物质、沉积环境和无机沉积作用共同影响着富油煤赋存特征。古城–府谷矿区富油煤资源潜力巨大,建议加强富油煤保护性开采和高效化利用。      

韩城石炭——二叠系原煤的自身固硫率和硫的烧失率

对陕西韩城矿区的石炭－－二叠系4个主采煤层的原煤自身固硫率和硫的烧失率进行了研究，其中11号煤96％的煤，5号煤98％，3号煤92％和2号煤94％的硫在800－850℃温度下的灼烧2h已分解释放。其燃渣中的硫主要以硫酸盐的形式存在。煤自身的固硫率和灰分含量密切相关，特别是与煤灰分中的氧化钙关第最为密切，原煤中硫的烧失率与煤中全硫、有机硫和无机硫的含量关系密切。     

汝箕沟煤矿煤灰熔点的逐步回归分析

煤灰熔点是评价煤工业用途的一项重要指标,针对矿区煤质灰熔点建立适宜的数学模型是一个值得重视的问题。根据逐步回归分析的基本原理,利用在汝箕沟煤矿收集的43组灰分产率、灰成分与灰熔点数据,建立了该矿煤的灰熔点与显著变量之间关系的回归方程。通过F-检验和相关系数检验,表明回归方程有一定的置信度,误差分析显示回归分析效果较好。     

铁法矿区煤层冲刷带研究

论述了铁法矿区冲刷带发育的地质背景;指出比较常见和对煤层破坏程度较严重的冲刷带成因类型是同沉积河道冲刷带、沉积后河道冲刷带和继承性河道冲刷带,并阐明了它们的识别特征。在对铁法矿区煤系沉积相分析的基础上,利用煤层顶板砂体等厚图对大隆井田4#煤层中的冲刷带进行了预测;揭示了铁法矿区煤层冲刷带的总体分布规律。      

淮南张集矿区煤中微量元素的含量分布特征分析

在采用ICP-AES对张集7个煤层144个样品微量元素含量测试分析的基础上,探讨了元素在不同煤层中的变化规律及其在煤层对比中的应用。结果表明:张集矿区煤中元素B、Se和As含量偏高;不同煤层中微量元素含量变化较大,但具有一定的规律性,其中在9煤层中元素Ba和Cr含量最低,Mn、Zn、As和Se含量相对较高,可以利用这些元素分布特征来区别和划分相邻煤层。     

Geochemistry of Permian Coal and Its Combustion Residues in Huainan Coalfield, China

INTRODUCTIONMany environmental problems may arise during coal min-ing and utilization. Among these prob1ems, much attention hasbeen paid to S(), and NO. emission during coal combustion.But the environmental effects produced by hazardous elementsduring coal mining and utilization are also important and de-serve to be studied (Goodazi, 1995; Finkelman, 1993; Valk-ovic, l983). For example, when coal wastes are used for landreclamation, the harmful elements in them may pollute water,soil an…     

Geochemistry of high-temperature coal ashes and the sedimentary environment of the New South Wales coals, Australia

Chemical analyses of high-temperature coal ashes were used to establish the distribution, association and relationship between major inorganic elements such as Si, Al, Ti, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P, S and CO₂ in a number of New South Wales economic coal seams and to study the composition and character of mineral matter in these coals. The methods used for the evaluation of the data were statistical analysis (univariate and bivariate), ratios, normative mineral composition and variation diagrams.The distribution of major and minor inorganic elements in coal appears to be related to the amount of mineral matter occurring in coal (determined as ash yield) and its mineralogical composition. The quantitative variations in levels of these elements can be classified as in-seam and inter-seam variations. In-seam variations are largely ash yield dependent, i.e. the levels of an element (wt.%) in coal increase along with the increase of its ash content (wt.%). The inter-seam variations are more complex and are related to both ash yield and to the mineralogical composition of mineral matter.The principal components of New South Wales coal ashes are silicon and aluminium. Silicon may be present as silica or combined with aluminium in different proportions to form clay minerals, such as kaolinite, illite, mixed-layer clay minerals, and smectite. Thus, the concentration levels of aluminium in relation to silicon in coal may give an indication about the character of clay minerals present in coal.Ratios and correlation coefficients of element pairs such as Al and Ti, Na and K, and Na and Al were used to determine differences in the chemical composition of high-temperature coal ashes of seams from various stratigraphic positions and provinces. In some seams the nature of associations of these elements is more significant than in others. This is interpreted as being a product of specific environmental conditions controlling the deposition of these seams.The nature of clay mineral content in coal is believed to be a major reason for chemical dissimilarities found between seams of various stratigraphic levels and geographic areas. For example, in some seams kaolinite, in others expandable clay minerals are dominant. The vertical distribution of these minerals has a stratigraphic significance. Within the Upper Permian Newcastle Coal Measures a trend from kaolinite-rich through to expandable minerals-rich and to kaolinite-rich assemblages can be observed from the bottom to the top. These changes are noticeably gradual.All significant variations in the clay mineral assemblages could relate to the long-term changes in the provenance of sedimentary material, weathering conditions in the source area and the rate of subsidence in the place of deposition. These changes are associated with major tectonic events controlling the history of sedimentation within the paralic Sydney and Gunnedah Basins during the Permian.     

巨野矿区煤自燃特性及动力学研究

针对巨野矿区3号煤层自然发火严重的现状,选择巨野矿区3上和3下两煤层煤样,采用煤的物性参数测试、热重分析、傅里叶红外光谱测试等实验方法,进行巨野矿区3煤层的自燃特性及动力学参数实验研究。结果表明,巨野矿区煤属于Ⅱ类自燃煤,煤的孔隙主要以大孔和中孔为主;煤在失水失重与吸氧增重阶段的活化能分别为94.49~123.61 kJ/mol和231.50~241.08 kJ/mol;煤分子中含有大量的羟基、甲基、亚甲基等活性官能团,这些活性官能团是导致巨野矿区煤自燃的关键化学结构。      

Mineral matter and trace elements in coals of the Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, Australia

The concentrations of major and trace inorganic elements in a succession of Permian coals from the Gunnedah Basin, New South Wales, have been determined by X-ray fluorescence techniques applied to both whole-coal and high-temperature ash samples. The results have been evaluated in the light of quantitative data on the minerals in the same coals, determined from X-ray diffraction study of whole-coal samples using a Rietveld-based interpretation program ( ™), to determine relationships of the trace elements in the coals to the mineral species present. Comparison of the chemical composition of the coal ash interpreted from the quantitative mineralogical study to the actual ash composition determined by XRF analysis shows a high degree of consistency, confirming the validity of the XRD interpretations for the Gunnedah Basin materials. Quartz, illite and other minerals of detrital origin dominate the coals in the upper part of the sequence, whereas authigenic kaolinite is abundant in coals from the lower part of the Permian succession. These minerals are all reduced in abundance, however, and pyrite is a dominant constituent, in coals formed under marine influence at several stratigraphic levels. Calcite and dolomite occur as cleat and fracture infillings, mostly in seams near the top and bottom of the sequence. The potassium-bearing minerals in the detrital fraction are associated with significant concentrations of rubidium, and the authigenic kaolinite with relatively high proportions of titanium. Zirconium is also abundant, with associated P and Hf, in the Gunnedah Basin coal seams. Relationships exhibited by Ti, Zr, Nd and Y are consistent with derivation of the original sediment admixed with the seams from an acid volcanic source. Pyrite in the coals is associated with high concentrations of arsenic and minor proportions of thallium; no other element commonly associated with sulphides in coals, however, appears to occur in significant proportions with the pyrite in the sample suite. Small concentrations of Cl present in the coal are inversely related to the pyrite content, and appear to represent ion-exchange components associated with the organic matter. Strontium and barium are strongly associated with the cleat-filling carbonate minerals. Ge and Ga appear to be related to each other and to the coal's organic matter. Cr and V are also related to each other, as are Ce, La, Nd and Pr, but none of these show any relationship to the organic matter or a particular mineral component.