银矿与莫霍面的关系——以浙闽和天山地区为例

银是我国的紧缺矿种，也是全世界最走俏的金属商品，世界各国都在积极寻找新的银矿床。陆相火山岩-次火山岩型银矿床是最重要的银矿工业类型，多产于大陆板块边缘陆相火山岩广泛分布地区。根据元素组合可将银矿床分为单银型、金银型、银铅锌型和铜银型等等。它们在空间分布上与莫霍面有一定关系。单银型矿床多产于莫霍面比较浅的地区，铜银型矿床一般分布在莫霍面相对比较深的地区，金银型矿床和银铅锌型矿床通常置于单银型-铜银型中间地区。金银型与银铅锌型相比，前者分布地区的莫霍面深度比后者可能相对浅一些。     

西天山查岗诺尔地区矿床成矿系列和找矿方向

西天山查岗诺尔地区是新疆重要的铁铜成矿带，形成于伊犁石炭－二叠纪裂谷。矿床类型有火山喷气沉积型铅锌硫化物矿、火山喷气沉积改造型铁铜、铜锌、铜硫化物矿、火山热液型铜硫化物矿、热液脉型金矿、火山热液型铜银矿。成矿系列划为与伊犁石炭－二叠纪裂谷火山－沉积作用有关的铁、铜、铅、锌、金、银多金属成矿系列，成矿亚系列为与下石炭统海相火山－沉积岩有关的铁、铜、锌、铅、金等层控硫化物矿床成矿亚系列和与下二叠统陆相火山－次火山岩有关的铜银矿成矿亚系列。矿床式有查岗诺尔式、欠哈布代克萨拉式、胜利式、巴勒陶萨拉式、哈尔嘎嘎林恩式、艾肯达坂式等。     

莲花山铜银矿床综合找矿模式

本文论述了莲花山铜银矿床的地质，物化探综合找矿模式，该铜银矿床为一受断裂，裂隙控制的热液脉状矿床。重磁异常资料是圈定岩体，研究铜多金属成矿地质环境的重要依据。电法，化探是寻找该矿的主要方法。     

山西支家地银矿地质特征及矿床成因

支家地银矿系产于火山岩-次火山岩中,属浅成中低温热液型银矿床。研究了银矿的地质特征、微量元素、稳定同位素和包裹体地球化学特征,探讨了成矿的控制因素和物理化学条件及矿床成因,建立了成矿模式。     

冀西北相广锰银矿床地质特征及成因初探

相广锰银矿床具有大陆边缘型火山岩、次火山岩银矿床的典型特征,锰-银为该矿床的稳定地球化学组合。矿体的形成受一组北西-北北西向扭性裂隙控制,矿石分锰银矿石与蚀变岩银矿石两种类型。前者中的银主要呈分散状态分布于锰矿物中,次为独立银矿物;后者中银以独立银矿物为主,次为分散银。银主要来源于火山岩、次火山岩,在内生阶段形成而又在表生阶段富集。属燕山期陆相次火山热液型矿床。     

西藏冈底斯矿带成矿作用及远景分析

冈底斯带矿床众多,类型复杂,主要有斑岩型铜（金钼）矿床、矽卡岩型铁铜-铅-锌（银）矿床、层控铅-锌-银矿床、火山岩型金-银矿床及雄村式铜-金矿床。矿床地质特征和同位素年龄表明,冈底斯带南部的矿床与新特提斯洋壳向北俯冲-陆陆碰撞及碰撞期后的构造岩浆事件有关;冈底斯带北部的矿床与班公湖-怒江洋壳向南俯冲-陆陆碰撞及碰撞期后构造岩浆事件有关。冈底斯带与洋壳的俯冲-碰撞有关的岩浆活动强烈,成矿条件优越。西藏高原在碰撞后发生了快速抬升剥蚀,部分矿床顶部出现低温组合矿化,多数矿床保存良好。     

蒙古国玛达特地区铜钼及铅锌银矿矿床成因类型探讨

蒙古国东部玛达特地区地处中蒙古-额尔古纳多金属成矿带,在区域内先后发现查布铅锌银矿床、喇嘛朝鲁图铜钼矿床及萨尔希特铅锌银矿床等一系列多金属矿床。通过对各矿床成矿时代、成矿地质背景及围岩特征等进行综合研究,将区域内成矿期划分为华力西晚期、燕山期两期,铜钼矿床为华力西晚期、燕山早期两期叠加成矿,铅锌银矿床成矿期为燕山晚期,2类矿床成矿与构造、岩浆活动关系密切。同时,通过分析对比各矿床矿化特征、矿体特征等因素,将区域内矿床划分为2种矿床成因类型,即中高温斑岩型铜钼矿床、中温热液脉型铅锌银矿床,喇嘛朝鲁图铜钼矿床及萨尔希特铅锌银矿床成矿母岩微量元素分析结果表明,二者属同一成矿系列,符合斑岩型-浅成热液型矿床成矿模式。     

火山次火山岩型银矿床的基本地质特征

火山、次火山岩型银矿床储量约占全国银总储量的80％,是我国重要的银矿床类型。该类型矿床均分布于地洼区的不同构造单元的交接部位。结合地洼构造单元分区,将47个银矿床划分为东南、华中、五台—南兴安岭、吉辽、额尔古纳和滇西等6个银成矿区带。运用地洼成矿理论,初步总结了火山、次火山岩型银矿床产布,矿物组合,赋存形式和载体矿物以及成矿机构等方面的基本地质特征。     

中国银矿床地质控矿规律及若干找矿方向

本文在前人研究的基础上,概述了地层、构造和岩浆岩对我国银矿产出和分布的控制特点和规律:银矿赋矿地层以泥盆系最多,其次是中元古界、石炭系等,按赋矿岩性则以碳酸盐岩最多,变质岩次之;古老地块边缘裂陷槽和增生带、区域性深大断裂及多组构造汇聚部位及陆相断陷盆地是我国银矿产出和分布的重要控制因素;海相火山岩、陆相火山岩、侵入岩控制着我国不同地区和类型的银矿产出。分析了我国大型、超大型银矿的找矿前景和方向,提出川西义敦岛弧带、川滇黔接壤地区和大兴安岭成矿带是大型、超大型银矿的重要找矿区,继续加强我国陆相火山岩型大型、超大型银矿的寻找和研究;重视在萤石矿床分布区、黑色岩系分布区找银矿及火山岩地区找银锰型矿床;充分利用银矿找钨、锡等其他矿种。     

冀北银矿床类型、矿床地质地球化学、地史-演化模式及找矿方向

对冀北１７个银矿床地质调查和５个大一中型银矿床地质、地球化学剖析研究基础上,从银矿床产出的区域地质、矿床地质、控制地质条件、围岩蚀变、矿石类型、成矿机理、成矿时代和成矿物质演化上,确定了冀北银矿床有３个成矿系列,８种矿床类型。提出牛圈子为火山喷气－热泉型银矿床;蔡家营为古喷气－热水沉积变质－热液叠加型铅锌银矿床;银冶岭为层控－热液叠加型铅锌银矿床的新认识,建立了冀北银矿床成矿模式和地史演化的区域成     

新疆昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床及成矿地质环境

新疆西昆仑奥依塔克-恰尔隆拗陷带内阿克塔什-萨落依成矿带发现多处火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。这些矿床产在石炭系双峰式火山岩系之内，沿着下石炭统基性火山岩和上石炭统酸性火山岩两个层位产出，分别以玄武岩和流纹岩为容矿主岩，可以明显地分成基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型两种类型。矿石主成矿元素均以铜为主，含少量的锌，几乎不含铅，矿床类型属于铜型。这些基性火山岩型和酸性火山岩型矿床被统称为昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床。根据矿床产出地质环境、双峰式火山岩系、沉积建造以及火山岩地球化学特征，推断昆仑式火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床最可能形成于泥盆纪-石炭纪弧后拉张构造环境。     

Application of discriminant analysis to evaluate compositional controls of stratiform massive sulfide deposits in Canada

Multiple discriminant analysis is used to identify systematic variations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, and Au grade values in the Canadian massive sulfide deposits with the three geological parameters of age, environment, and composition of volcanic lithology. The deposits have been separated into three groups on each of the three parameter scales and discriminant functions that separated the three groups on the basis of metal grades were then obtained. The results of the analysis indicated that Pb and Cu are the most significant in indicating specific trends along the three geological parameter scales. Pb grade increases in younger deposits with an increase in the sedimentary character of their environments, or with a more felsic nature to their volcanic rocks. On the other hand, Cu grade increases in deposits that occur in volcanic environments and with a more mafic nature to the volcanic host rocks. The results could have useful applications in mineral exploration.     

吉黑东部中生代主要金属矿产成矿特征及找矿方向

吉黑东部是我国东北地区极具潜力的重要成矿区带.区内燕山期为最重要的成矿期,具有很高的工业价值.具找矿前景的主要矿床类型是与燕山早期岩浆侵入活动有关的细脉浸染型钼矿、接触交代型铁、多金属矿床和与燕山晚期火山喷发-超浅成侵入体有关的浅成低温热液型金（银）矿床、斑岩-浅成低温热液型金（铜）矿床.有利的找矿地段为①伊春-滨东-吉中地区燕山早期二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩分布区;②呼玛-黑河-逊克-嘉荫以南燕山晚期陆相火山岩分布区;③东宁-汪清-珲春地区燕山晚期陆相火山岩-超浅成侵入岩分布区.     

The Lerokis and Kali Kuning submarine exhalative gold-silver-barite deposits, Wetar Island, Maluku, Indonesia

Wetar, an island in the southern part of the Banda Arc, is made up submarine volcanic rocks, with the oldest rocks exposed being subvolcanic intrusions and flows dated at 12 Ma. Basaltic andesite pillow lavas and intercalated volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks grade upward into more felsic volcanic lavas, tuffs and breccias, and sedimentary rocks and epiclastic mudflows cap the sequence.Gold-silver mineralization occurs at Lerokis and Kali Kuning, 3.5 km apart on the north coast of the island, in stratiform barite sand, clay or silt. The sediments are underlain by Cu-rich massive pyrite in volcanic breccias and overlain by a limestone dated at about 4 Ma. Foot wall volcanic breccias and lavas show intense clay-pyrite alteration indicating temperatures higher than 230°C.In situ geological resources, prior to the inception of mining in 1990, totalled 2.9 Mt at 3.5 g/t Au, 114 g/t Ag and 40% barite at Lerokis and 2.2 Mt at 5.5 g/t Au, 146 g/t Ag and 60% barite at Kali Kuning. Most of the Au occurs as electrum, associated with limonite, jarosite and goethite, and most of the Ag is in tetrahedrite and sulphosalts. High Pb contents, between 0.5% and 1.4% Pb on average, derive from plumbojarosite, sulphosalts and cerrussite, and there is, on average, between 200 ppm to 900 ppm Cu, 0.2% Sb, 0.1% As, 100 ppm to 200 ppm Zn, and 18 ppm Hg. Underlying massive sulphide mineralization is mainly pyrite-marcasite with zones of Cu enrichment. A significant part of the Cu is contained in enargite.Formation likely took place at less than 600 m water depth in a sea floor caldera setting similar to the Kuroko district in Japan. The ferruginous sediments hosting the Au-barite deposits may have originated through erosion like the ochres of Cyprus. These stratiform Au-barite deposits highlight a new style of sea floor mineralization not clearly recognized before. Modern-day analogues have been described from a variety of sea floor settings.     

甘肃白银厂矿区及外围区域地质背景、成矿系列及找矿潜力

白银厂矿区及外围是北祁连铜多金属成矿带的主要地段.新元古代以来的大陆裂谷作用-活动陆缘的洋壳俯冲、弧后扩张-陆-陆碰撞造山作用,及其所导致的强烈多期次的火山活动、岩浆侵入及变质作用,为本区提供了优越的成矿条件.区内既有与岛弧海相酸性火山作用有关的白银厂黑矿型Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag成矿系列,又有与弧后扩张脊蛇绿岩套和基性火山岩有关的塞浦露斯型Cu-Zn(Co)系列;与大陆裂陷火山作用有关的喷流沉积型Fe-Cu-Zn-Pb系列以及陆内造山早期与韧-脆性剪切作用有关的Au-Pb系列和与酸性岩浆作用有关的Au-Cu系列等.石青硐-白银厂火山岩带是本区最有找矿潜力、也是快速实现找矿突破的首选区带;朵家滩-白银南-青城皋兰群变质火山岩带,是值得探索的大型喷流沉积型Fe-Cu-Zn-Pb矿床远景区;老虎山-银洞沟-崛吴山火山岩带的塞浦露斯型Cu-Zn(Co)矿床具有扩大资源量和进一步发现矿床的前景;韧-脆性剪切带型Au矿床及与酸性侵入体有关的岩浆期后热液型Au-Cu矿床是两个具有重要意义的找矿新方向.     

Types,features, and prospecting potential for Mesozoic metal ore deposits in Zhejiang Province,southeast China

The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.     

川西呷村式银多金属矿找矿模式雏议

呷村式银多金属矿产于义敦岛弧发育晚期环境,在成因上与钙碱性火山岩系的偏酸性流纹质火山岩的海底喷发作用有关。矿带位于流纹质火山岩顶部与上覆结晶灰岩的接触界面附近,由上而下依次分为重晶石—铜铅锌银—铅锌三个矿体带。矿床地质的和地球物理的找矿标志明显。实践证明,以岛弧火山岩为对象,综合运用地质、物探、化探成果,在判定火山杂岩体的矿化地段,进行工程揭露验证是经济有效的找矿模式。     

与火山—潜火山作用有关的浅成热液金(铜银)矿床流体成矿系统

与火山—潜火山作用有关的浅成热液金(铜银)矿床可以分为低硫型和高硫型两个亚类,所对应的流体成矿系统分别为贵金属(地热)成矿系统和火山热液成矿系统。由于成矿位置和流体成矿过程不同,形成了各具特色的成矿元素组合、围岩蚀变特征和成矿类型。     

新疆准北地区铜矿床主要类型控矿条件及找矿前景分析

准北地区铜矿床已发现有岩浆熔离铜镍硫化物型，海相火山岩型，隐爆角砾岩型和陆相火山岩型，那林卡拉－喀拉通克铜镍矿带受控于海沟岛弧盆地内基性岩带的控制，岩浆分异程度对铜矿形成具有明显的控制作用，海相火山岩铜矿受火山机构制约，常产出于海底火山喷发中心及附近洼地，将准北地区划分冲乎尔－麦兹铜多金属，阿舍勒铜锌，额尔齐斯铜（镍）金－萨吾尔－加波萨尔铜（钼）和谢米斯台－阿尔曼台－北塔山铜等五个具找矿前景的成矿     

西天山吐拉苏火山盆地金矿成矿系列围岩蚀变地球化学

形成于西天山晚古生代吐拉苏火山盆地的伊尔曼得金矿、阿希金矿和塔吾尔别克金矿等3种不同类型金矿,其围岩蚀变及微量元素具有不同的特征.伊尔曼得等金矿类型的围岩蚀变为硅化、高岭石化、重晶石化和地开石化,As、Sb、Hg、Cu与Au含量呈正相关关系.塔吾尔别克金矿类型围岩蚀变为硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化.蚀变围岩的As值增高,Au和Ag的含量明显增高.阿希金矿类型围岩蚀变主要有绢云母化、冰长石化、碳酸盐化、硅化、伊利石化,蚀变岩石的Se和As含量与Au、Ag含量基本呈正相关关系.