琅琊山抽水蓄能电站上水库副坝地段岩溶发育特征及渗漏分析

琅琊山抽水蓄能电站上水库位于岩溶区,水库的主要问题是副坝坝基深部的岩溶渗漏问题。本文简要分析副坝地段岩溶发育规律和特征,利用地下水渗流场分析岩溶渗漏特征和形式,并用岩溶管道水汇流理论分析和计算渗漏量,从而分析研究岩溶结构体的透水性,为岩溶渗漏分析和防渗处理提供依据      

龙塘水库岩溶发育规律及渗漏问题分析

针对龙塘水库岩溶发育、水文地质条件复杂的特点,采取了多种勘察和试验手段,对该区域进行了岩溶渗漏问题的综合研究。通过分析库坝区岩溶发育分布及其规律,以及暗河、溶洞、泉水分布情况及其与库水的补排关系,对左、右岸邻谷渗漏及坝区渗漏类型和成因进行了总结。     

应用泉水均衡法分析四川省兴文县新坝水库岩溶渗漏问题

岩溶地区水库渗漏是碳酸盐岩地区兴建水利枢纽的主要工程地质问题之一,尤其是在可溶岩广布、岩溶发育强烈、地形复杂地区。拟建兴文县新坝水库地处岩溶地区,存在岩溶渗漏的可能性。通过对该水库库区地质概况、岩溶水系统进行分析研究,论证了水库潜在的三条岩溶渗漏途径均不会发生渗漏;并利用库区降雨量与泉流量进行水均衡计算,计算结果进一步论证了该水库不存在岩溶渗漏问题。     

岩溶塌陷型水库地震的形成条件分析

目前，在我国发生岩溶塌陷型水库地震的震例已有10余座，震级不大，但对库区居民影响较深，个别地方还造成房屋的轻微破坏。本文通过对塌陷型水库地震的特点、岩溶发育的规律、影响岩溶发育的因素进行分析，归纳出不同的岩溶发育阶段与水库地震的关系。并结合多年实际工作经验，总结出根据岩体性状和空间展布、岩溶水文地质及岩溶管道系统与库水的关系等评价岩溶塌陷型水库地震的可能性、可能地点及震级上限的方法。     

水库岩溶渗漏及防渗研究综述

岩溶地区水库渗漏是可溶岩地区兴建水利枢纽的主要工程地质问题之一,尤其是在可溶岩广布、岩溶发育强烈、地形复杂地区,岩溶渗漏成为了该类地区水利水电工程的一个普遍问题.库区的岩溶渗漏不仅影响建坝后的正常蓄水,还将危及坝体的安全与稳定.因此,有必要对库区渗漏,特别是岩溶地区的库区渗漏进行渗漏机理、渗漏特征、渗漏条件等进行详细分...     

贵州冗赖水库岩溶成库条件分析

冗赖水库位于珠江流域的北盘江与南盘江两大水系之间的高原岩溶台地,左右岸外侧均存在低邻槽谷,坝址下游存在底部发育落水洞的大型岩溶海子,水库成库难度大,当地人饮水问题突出。通过岩溶水文地质调查、钻探、物探、连通试验等手段,从地形条件、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件、岩溶发育特征等方面,对冗赖水库成库条件进行了分析论证。认为水库库盆底部依托隔水性岩体,不存在库水渗漏问题,但水库两岸受分水岭地下水位低、断层破碎带及岩溶发育等影响,存在库水渗漏问题,同时库首两岸可能存在顺平缓岩层面、溶蚀裂隙等产生渗漏问题。因此建议采用垂直防渗方式,防渗标准（透水率）小于3 Lu或防渗帷幕下限接稳定地下水位以下10 m,遇到溶洞等地质缺陷时应查明其分布特征,并根据实际情况降低防渗底线。      

马畔塘水库岩溶渗漏研究

运用岩溶地下水参流场分析法、地下水化学场分析法、岩溶化岩体压渗系数分析法及岩溶管道水汇流特征分析法等,研究马畔塘水库在防渗处理前后库首地区岩溶地下水动力条件及岩溶渗漏的发生规律和基本特点      

徐水县瀑河水库渗漏岩溶地面塌陷

瀑河水库渗漏造成三个村庄出现地面沉降、开裂与塌陷，通过实地调查研究，总结了库区岩溶发育特征、岩溶塌陷的分布规律，分析了地面塌陷产生的原因，并提出了防治对策。     

江坪河水库库首右岸梅坪—曲溪河间地块岩溶发育特征与渗漏可…

江坪河水库坝址地段具有建高坝的地形、地貌与地质条件，但是，库首右岸发育梅坪－曲溪河间地块，其上广布岩溶强烈发育的寒武系－奥陶系碳酸盐岩，岩深渗漏问题是该坝址方案能否成立的关键，本文研究了河间地块上岩溶及岩溶地下水系统发育规律，运用物深手段，综合地质及水文资料，探讨了河间地块上地下水位分布特点，认为该河间地块上存在地下水位高于正常蓄水位的地下分水岭，不存在岩溶渗漏问题。     

江坪河水库库首右岸梅坪─曲溪河间地块岩溶发育特征与渗漏可能性分析

江坪河水库坝址地段具有在高坝的地形、地貌与地质条件．但是，库首右岸发育出圩一曲溪河间地块，其上广布岩溶强烈发育的寒武系一奥陶系戳欧盐岩．岩溶渗漏问是该坝址方案能否成立的关键．本文研究了河间地块上岩溶及岩溶地下水系统发育规律，运用物探手段，综合地质及水文资料，探讨了河间地块上地下水位分布特点，认为该河间地块上存在地下水位高于正常富水位的地下分水岭，不存在岩溶渗漏问题．     

Subsidence hazards in different types of karst: evolutionary and speleogenetic approach

The typology of karst, based on distinguishing the successive stages of general hydrogeological evolution, between which major boundary conditions and the overall circulation pattern change considerably, gives a natural clue to classify and tie together karst breakdown settings, speleogenetic styles and breakdown development mechanisms. Subsidence hazards vary substantially between the different karst types, so that classifying individual karst according to typology can provide an integrated general assessment. This provides a useful basis for selection and realization of region- and site-specific assessment schemes and management strategies. Intrastratal karst types, subjacent karst in particular, are most potent in generating subsidence problems. Exposed karst types, especially open karst, are the least likely to pose subsidence hazard problems, despite their being recognized more obviously as karstic areas.     

圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段典型岩溶现象及发育分布特征

圆梁山隧道毛坝向斜段核部及两翼的可溶地层中发衣分布有大量的典型岩溶现象，本文详尽讨论了岩溶洼地，槽谷，巨型组合槽谷和地下溶洞等大型岩溶形态的基本特征，形成机制，受控因素，并进一步认识到其发育分布主要受控于岩性和构造因素。     

岩溶路基病害与处置技术国内外研究现状

随着我国西部大开发战略的实施,岩溶问题已成为南方岩溶地区突飞猛进的公路建设,特别是高速公路建设面临的主要地质问题。本文以近年来国内外与岩溶有关的公开出版的最新研究成果为基础,针对目前与岩溶路基病害处置密切相关的隐伏岩溶的探测技术、岩溶洞穴稳定性与风险评估、岩溶塌陷的试验测试、岩溶塌陷监测预报以及岩溶病害的防治方法等方面,系统总结了国内外学者的最新研究现状。最后,在分析国内外差距的基础上,提出我国岩溶路基病害防治技术的研究应包括岩溶路基病害的分类和处置方法体系研究、路基病害发育过程的大型模型试验研究、隐伏岩溶地球物理探测方法的有效性研究、高新技术在高风险区岩溶路基变形破坏监测中的应用研究等方面。      

岩溶蓄水构造电阻率模型建立及其在物探找水中的应用

岩溶地下水的富集是极不均匀性的,寻找和查明岩溶蓄水构造的空间位置及其结构,是在岩溶山区寻找地下水源地的前提.本文通过对贵州省岩溶地下水富集条件的分析、归纳,将岩溶蓄水构造分为两个大类共七个类型,并利用地质体电阻率的统计结果建立了各类型岩溶蓄水构造的电阻率物理模型.实际工作表明,利用岩溶蓄水构造的电阻率物理模型,对提高岩溶山区找水打井的成功率具有指导意义.     

The largest karst cave discovered in a tunnel during motorway construction in Slovenia’s Classical Karst (Kras)

Karst researchers of the Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU are regularly consulted during the planning of Slovenia’s motorways and invited to observe and monitor construction in the karst areas. More than 350 caves have been discovered in the course of building 60 km of new motorways over the past decade. Access to the most important caves is preserved by concrete tubes closed with metal covers at the roadside. The largest cave system in a tunnel, named LC-S647, is almost entirely preserved. The protection of this cave will serve as a good example for the preservation of natural heritage in the future. Construction work for the motorway uncovered a high degree of karstification. In particular, the discovery of this cave in the Kastelec tunnel LC-S647 showed the existence of a major cave system in the geological and speleological past. A number of unconnected passages have also been found. Caves discovered during highway construction have brought new knowledge about the cavernosity and the geological history of this part of the karst.     

贵州某机场岩溶地基处理设计

目前,岩溶地区地基处理设计没有统一的规范或标准可以借鉴。本文根据机场自身特点,通过评判隐伏岩溶的埋藏深度、顶板安全厚度及顶板洞径比等三种主要因素,介绍了一种目前机场常用的岩溶地基处理评价方法,并结合贵州某机场岩溶地基处理设计情况,对场区隐伏岩溶进行评判并提出处理措施,为类似工程提供一些参考和借鉴。     

Karst terranes and environmental aspects

Karst is a complex geological phenomenon that relates to terranes composed of limestone, dolomites, gypsum, halite, or other soluble rocks. Protection of groundwater in karst against pollution is needed because of the high velocity of its flow (several hundreds of thousands of meters per day) and where polluted materials are carried without being filtered. Protection of karstic aquifers against pathogens and rapidly degradable chemicals is carried out for the catchment areas with an estimated delay time of 60 days and for a distance of more than 30 m. Tracer methods have recently become quite useful in karst regions; a tracer may respond as a multiimpulse because of different flow lines, flow velocities, and water aquifers. Therefore, if a total water balance has to be established, nearly all answer-back impulses should be considered.     

Karst engineering studies at the Akköprü Reservoir area, southwest of Turkey

Akköprü Dam, which is under construction, is located at Dalaman Basin in the southwest of Turkey. The base rock at the Akköprü dam site and reservoir area is autochthon Akta? limestone and Gökseki flysch formation. Allochthon Cehennem Deresi limestone, a complex series of ferro- (melange) and peridotite–serpentine units, overlay this unit with tectonic contact. These units are covered by young sedimentary series. The outcrops of karstified Akta? limestone are observed at 2 km upstream of the dam site, at the right reservoir abutment. This unit is very permeable and the groundwater level is very deep, 100–116 m below the Dalaman riverbed. After impoundment, 250,000 m² of this unit will be submerged. Groundwater which percolates in this unit discharges at the coastal springs. This study analyzed the watertightness of Akköprü reservoir related to the karstified limestone in the left reservoir bank and discussed possible options of remedial works to reduce seepage.     

某二级公路岩溶发育特征及工程地质评价

拟建的某二级公路所在地区岩溶工程地质发育。通过分析该区岩溶发育的主要条件,调查各种岩溶形态的分布及发育特点,岩溶地下水的补径排特征来研究其岩溶发育特征,并对拟建公路的岩溶工程地质条件进行了评价和建议。研究表明,该区各种岩溶形态发育,针对某些岩溶病害,工程建设中应采取适当措施以减小其危害。