Production of Potash and N-Mg Compound Fertilizer via Mineral Shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake: Phase Diagrams of Quaternary System(NH_4)_2SO_4-Mg SO_4-K_2SO_4-H_2O in the Isothermal Evaporation and Crystallization Process

Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial byproduct ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system (NH_4)_2SO_4-Mg SO_4-K_2SO_4-H_2O at 25.0oC in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to (K_(1-m),(NH_4)_m)_2SO_4,(NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,Mg SO_4·6H_2O,(K_(1-n),(NH_4)_n)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and Mg SO_4·7H_2O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0oC,K_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O can be separated via K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and (NH_4)_2SO_4 as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.     

TRPO萃取分离测定化探样品中微量铀、钍

本文根据有关文献介绍三烷基氧磷(简称TRPO)为含磷的有机化合物,具有萃取铀、钍的特性。在1molL~(-1)HNO_3介质中萃取铀和钍,其分子式为UO_2(NO_3)_2·2TRPO和Th(NO_3)_4·TRPO;然后用草酸溶液反萃取钍,其络合物为Th(C-2O4)_4·6H_2O;再用混合络合剂反萃取铀。     

X射线粉晶衍射法分析磷化膜不同成分衍射强度比

利用X射线粉晶衍射法对金属板材及其磷化膜进行全谱和区段扫描,在确定镀膜中存在Zn2Fe(PO4)2.4H2O和Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O物相的基础上,求出Zn2Fe(PO4)2.4H2O的(100)和Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O的(020)衍射峰的计数强度,计算出样品磷化膜的磷比,从而判断出磷酸盐配比是否达到工艺要求。     

珠江口海域沉积物-水界面营养盐释放特征研究

在2015年春季(3月),采用实验室培养法对珠江口海域5个站位的沉积物样品进行了沉积物-水界面营养盐交换速率的实验。结果显示,河口区交换速率较大,海湾地区交换速率较小。NH~+_4、NO~-_3、PO_4~(3-)由沉积物向水体释放,NO~-_2由水体向沉积物迁移,交换速率均值分别为90.6μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)、106.9μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)、13.8μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)和-21.9μmol·d~(-1)·m~(-2)。NH~+_4、NO~-_3和NO~-_2在水体贫氧环境下的交换速率高于富氧条件下的交换速率,贫氧条件下沉积物是PO_4~(3-)的释放源,富氧条件下沉积物是PO_4~(3-)的汇。扰动条件下NH~+_4和PO_4~(3-)的交换速率都大于非扰动条件,但NO~-_3则相反。NO~-_3和NO~-_2的交换速率主要受沉积物-水界面浓度扩散影响,NH~+_4和PO_4~(3-)更多的受界面吸附-解吸控制;在增氧和扰动条件下由于沉积环境由强还原性向氧化性剧变,对沉积物-海水界面营养盐的交换影响比较复杂。与国内近岸海区相比,珠江口沉积物-水界面营养盐的交换速率处于中等水平。     

新矿物—盈江铀矿

新矿物产于云南盈江县的一个铀矿点氧化带,与多种铀矿物共生。该矿物为致密状集合体,黄色,透明至半透明。斜方晶系,空间群C222_1,晶胞参数a=13.73(1),b=15.99(1),c=17.33(2);V=3804(5);Z=8。计算比重4.17。二轴晶负光性,2V计算=83°,α=1.669;β=1.692;γ=1.710。紫外光照射发弱绿黄色荧光。化学成分UO_376.54,P_2O_511.10,K_2O 2.46,CaO 1.57,ThO 0.51,RE_2O_3 0.45,H_2O 7.37%。矿物化学式为(K_(1-x),Ca_x)(UO_2)_3 (PO_4)_2 (OH)_(1+x)·4H_2O,文中还给出X射线粉晶衍射数据。     

贵州坝黄含铀磷质岩中多水硫磷铝石矿物学特征

贵州铜仁坝黄含铀磷质岩岩层表面及节理、裂隙缝中产出大量粉末状、絮状、毛发状白色矿物集合体。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜及能谱(SED)分析,确定该矿物为多水硫磷铝石,粒径约1.55～1.85 mm,单晶形态常呈菱形薄板状,自形,具{001}1组完全解理,吸湿性较强。计算多水硫磷铝石矿物晶胞参数分别为a≈10.8150nm,b≈15.0956nm,c≈22.6058nm,化学式为(Al_(8.75)Fe_(0.75))(PO_4)_(3.26)(SO_4)_(1.24)(OH)_(16.24)·55.67H_2O,与其他地区的多水硫磷铝石比较,坝黄含铀磷质岩中的多水硫磷铝石Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、SO_3、OH~-含量较高,P_2O_5、H_2O含量则有所减少,可能是由于类质同象Fe~(3+)置换Al~(3+),以及表生期强烈的风化淋滤作用过程中OH~-、SO_4~(2-)共同置换PO_4~(3-)所致。坝黄多水硫磷铝石与外生风化作用密切相关,是一类氧化次生矿物,应为含磷沉积物遭受长期表生风化淋滤形成,说明坝黄磷矿在沉积成岩后还经历过表生风化成矿的改造和叠加,次生作用可能导致了原生磷质的迁移、流失。     

绿松石中水的结构特征

绿松石[CuAl_6(PO_4)_4(OH)_8,4H_2P](又名土耳其玉)是一种有价值的高级玉石。该矿物属三斜晶系,空间群PT,其结构为(PO_4)四面体和Al-八面体通过共用的(OH)顶点相连而成的骨架,铜离子充填在骨架空隙中为四个(OH)和两个H_2O所包围,点对称Ci,铜离子处于反演中心,铜离子八面体沿三个轴向皆有畸变。据化学分析,不同色调绿松石均含相当数量的水,平均为15—20％。对于绿松石中的水,曾做过红外与差热方面的工作,但有关核磁     

绿松石的某些磁性、光谱特性和颜色的研究

绿松石[CuAl_6(PO_4)_4(OH)_8·4H_2O]做为一种高级玉石,在公元前就被人们所熟知,并一直为人们所鉴尝。其主要原因是它具有特殊而娇艳的翠蓝、淡青、苹果绿等不同色调的蓝绿色。经过琢磨、加工后的绿松石制品色彩鲜艳、光泽柔和、雅洁。绿松石的颜色是决定其经济价值的最主要的因素,因此,多年来,关于颜色问题的探讨一直是绿松石矿物学研究及宝石学研究的重要课题。     

苏州高岭土中的变磷铝石及其成因探讨

变磷铝石(Al[PO_4].2H_2O)为含水的铝磷酸盐矿物,其化学成分和磷铝石(Al[Po_4].2H_2O)相同,但晶体结构截然不同,两者为同质二相体,前者属单斜晶系,后者属斜方晶系。变磷铝石结构中的Al可被Fe~(3+)置换,和红磷铁矿(Fe[PO_4].2H_2O)共同组成类质同象系列。变磷铝石在自然界中的产状国内很少报导。经笔者研究在苏州高岭土矿体的底部发现富集有一种球状变磷铝石,其产状特征对研究苏州高岭土成矿后期的淋滤改造很有意义。本文报导该矿物的矿物学特征并对其成因进行了探讨。     

盈江铀矿的新资料

本文第一次提供了由单晶X射线衍射分析测定的盈江铀矿的空间群和晶胞参数。该矿物产于广东省下庄铀矿田。斜方晶系,空间群Bmmb(63),a=15.707(3),b=17·424(3),c=13.692(2)?,V=3747?~3,Z=4。Dc=4.60g/cm~3,Dm=4.54g/cm~3。化学式:(K_2,Ca)(UO_2)_7(PO_4)_4(OH)_6·6H_2O。二轴晶,负光性。2Vc=36°,2Vm=36—38°。Ng=1.707(2),Nm=1.703(2),Np=1.666(1)。光性方位:Ng//Y,Nm//X,Np//Z。     

Batagayite,CaZn2(Zn,Cu)6(PO4)4(PO3OH)3·12H2O,a new phosphate mineral from Këster tin deposit (Yakutia,Russia): occurrence and crystal structure

Mineralogy and Petrology - Batagayite, CaZn2(Zn,Cu)6(PO4)4(PO3OH)3·12H2O, is a new secondary phosphate mineral from the Këster deposit, Arga-Ynnykh-Khai massif, NE Yakutia, Russia. It is...     

Kampelite,Ba3Mg1.5Sc4(PO4)6(OH)3·4H2O,a new very complex Ba-Sc phosphate mineral from the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite complex (Kola Peninsula,Russia)

Mineralogy and Petrology - Kampelite, Ba3Mg1.5Sc4(PO4)6(OH)3·4H2O, is a new Ba-Sc phosphate from the Kovdor phoscorite-carbonatite complex (Kola Peninsula, Russia). It is orthorhombic, Pnma,...     

Sergeysmirnovite,MgZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O,a New Mineral from the Kester Deposit (Sakha-Yakutia,Russia)

Doklady Earth Sciences - Sergeysmirnovite, MgZn2(PO4)2 · 4H2O, is a new mineral from the oxidation zone of the Kester mineral deposit, Sakha-Yakutia, Russia. This mineral forms...     

Epifanovite,NaCaCu5(PO4)4[AsO2(OH)2] · 7H2O: a New Mineral from the Kester Deposit,Sakha (Yakutia) Republic,Russia

Geology of Ore Deposits - Epifanovite, NaCaCu5(PO4)4[AsO2(OH)2] · 7H2O, a new natural copper, sodium and calcium arsenate–phosphate, has been found in a quartz–phosphate pocket...     

Effects of temperature on the crystal structure of epidote: a neutron single-crystal diffraction study at 293 and 1,070 K

The effects of temperature on the crystal structure of a natural epidote [Ca_1.925 Fe_0.745Al_2.265Ti_0.004Si_3.037O₁₂(OH), a = 8.890(6), b = 5.630(4), c = 10.150(6) Å and β = 115.36(5)°, Sp. Gr. P2₁ /m] have been investigated by means of neutron single-crystal diffraction at 293 and 1,070 K. At room conditions, the structural refinement confirms the presence of Fe³⁺ at the M₃ site [%Fe(M3) = 73.1(8)%] and all attempts to refine the amount of Fe at the M(1) site were unsuccessful. Only one independent proton site was located. Two possible hydrogen bonds, with O(2) and O(4) as acceptors [i.e. O(10)–H(1)···O(2) and O(10)–H(1)···O(4)], occur. However, the topological configuration of the bonds suggests that the O(10)–H(1)···O(4) is energetically more favourable, as H(1)···O(4) = 1.9731(28) Å, O(10)···O(4) = 2.9318(22) Å and O(10)–H(1)···O4 = 166.7(2)°, whereas H(1)···O(2) = 2.5921(23) Å, O(10)···O(2) = 2.8221(17) Å and O(10)–H(1)···O2 = 93.3(1)°. The O(10)–H(1) bond distance corrected for “riding motion” is 0.9943 Å. The diffraction data at 1,070 K show that epidote is stable within the T-range investigated, and that its crystallinity is maintained. A positive thermal expansion is observed along all the three crystallographic axes. At 1,070 K the structural refinement again shows that Fe³⁺ share the M(3) site along with Al³⁺ [%Fe(M3)_1,070K = 74(2)%]. The refined amount of Fe³⁺ at the M(1) is not significant [%Fe(M1)_1,070K = 1(2)%]. The tetrahedral and octahedral bond distances and angles show a slight distortion of the polyhedra at high-T, but a significant increase of the bond distances compared to those at room temperature is observed, especially for bond distances corrected for “rigid body motions”. The high-T conditions also affect the inter-polyhedral configurations: the bridging angle Si(2)–O(9)–Si(1) of the Si₂O₇ group increases significantly with T. The high-T structure refinement shows that no dehydration effect occurs at least within the T-range investigated. The configuration of the H-bonding is basically maintained with temperature. However, the hydrogen bond strength changes at 1,070 K, as the O(10)···O(4) and H(1)···O(4) distances are slightly longer than those at 293 K. The anisotropic displacement parameters of the proton site are significantly larger than those at room condition. Reasons for the thermal stability of epidote up to 1,070 K observed in this study, the absence of dehydration and/or non-convergent ordering of Al and Fe³⁺ between different octahedral sites and/or convergent ordering on M(3) are discussed.     

Mg-enriched erythrite from Bou Azzer,Anti-Atlas Mountains,Morocco: geochemical and spectroscopic characteristics

Mineralogy and Petrology - Supergene Mg-enriched erythrite, with an average composition (Co2.25Mg0.58Ni0.14Fe0.04Mn0.02 Zn0.02) (As1.97P<0.01O8)·8H2O, accompanied by skutterudite,...     

The thermodynamics of arsenates,selenites, and sulfates in the oxidation zone of sulfide ores. XI. Solubility of synthetic chalcomenite analog and zinc selenite at 25°C

The aim of this study is the synthesis of CuSeO₃·2H₂O (chalcomenite analog), ZnSeO₃·2H₂O, and ZnSeO₃·H₂O and the investigation of their solubility in water. CuSeO₃·2H₂O has been synthesized from solutions of Cu nitrate and Na selenite, while Zn selenites were synthesized from solutions of Zn nitrate and Na selenite. The samples obtained have been examined with X-ray diffraction and infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The solubility has been determined using the isothermal saturation method in ampoules at 25°C. The solubility has been calculated using the Geochemist’s Workbench (GMB 9.0) software package. Solubility products have been calculated for CuSeO₃·2H₂O (10^–10.63), ZnSeO₃·2H₂O (10^–8.35), and ZnSeO₃·H₂O (10^–7.96). The database used comprises thermodynamic characteristics of 46 elements, 47 base particles, 48 redox pairs, 551 particles in solution, and 624 solid phases. The Eh–pH diagrams of the Zn–Se–H₂O and Cu–Se–H₂O systems were plotted for the average contents of these elements in underground water in oxidation zones of sulfide deposits.     

Dolomitization of the Waulsortian Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) in the Irish Midlands

The Waulsortian Limestone (Lower Carboniferous) of the southern Irish Midlands is dolomitized pervasively over a much larger region than previous studies have documented. This study indicates a complex, multistage, multiple fluid history for regional dolomitization. Partially and completely dolomitized sections of Waulsortian Limestones are characterized by finely crystalline (0·01–0·3 mm) planar dolomite. Planar replacive dolomite is commonly followed by coarse (≥0·5 mm) nonplanar replacive dolomite, and pervasive void‐filling saddle dolomite cement is frequently associated with Zn–Pb mineralization. Planar dolomite has average δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C values (‰ PDB) of –4·8 and 3·9 respectively. These are lower oxygen and slightly higher carbon isotope values than averages for marine limestones in the Waulsortian (δ¹⁸O=–2·2, δ¹³C=3·7). Mean C and O isotope values of planar replacive dolomite are also distinct from those of nonplanar and saddle dolomite cement (–7·0 and 3·3; –7·4 and 2·4 respectively). Fluid inclusions indicate a complex history involving at least three chemically and thermally distinct fluids during dolomite cementation. The petrography and geochemistry of planar dolomites are consistent with an early diagenetic origin, possibly in equilibrium with modified Carboniferous sea water. Where the Waulsortian was exposed to hydrothermal fluids (70–280 °C), planar dolomite underwent a neomorphic recrystallization to a coarser crystalline, planar and nonplanar dolomite characterized by lower δ¹⁸O values. Void‐filling dolomite cement is isotopically similar to nonplanar, replacive dolomite and reflects a similar origin from hydrothermal fluids. This history of multiple stages of dolomitization is significantly more complex than earlier models proposed for the Irish Midlands and provides a framework upon which to test competing models of regional vs. localized fluid flow.