基于磁力资料的珠江口盆地构造单元分布特征

珠江口盆地是南海北部陆坡最大的前新生代沉积盆地,油气资源丰富,由于新的地球物理资料未得以充分应用等问题导致盆地内部构造单元分布特征存在诸多不同看法,这些问题制约了盆地的进一步勘探和开发。本文以最新实测1∶10万高精度航磁数据为基础,采用切线法对研究区航磁异常深度进行反演计算,结合钻井、地震及南海北部陆域物性资料研究珠江口盆地磁性基底分布特征。在充分调研珠江口盆地已有构造单元划分的基础上,以盆地磁性基底展布特征为基础,结合断裂、区域构造等对珠江口盆地内部构造单元进行研究。研究表明:珠江口盆地磁性基底深度在0～9 km之间,磁性基底呈"三隆两坳"构造格局,整个坳陷区具有"南北分带,东西分块"的特征; NE向深大断裂为控盆断裂,常为盆地二级构造单元的边界,NW向断裂常控制次一级构造单元并影响其展布形态。     

塔里木盆地中—新生界构造单元划分

塔里木盆地作为典型的多旋回叠合盆地,中生代以来经历了印支、燕山和喜山等多期构造运动,造成中—新生界构造格局与古生界构造格局差异较大.应用航磁、重力、钻井、测井以及地震等资料,获得了盆地中-新生界地层分布、区域构造变形特点和含油气性特征,兼顾基底形态和后期改造作用影响,对塔里木盆地中-新生界构造单元划分为“三坳一隆一斜坡”,即北部坳陷区、西南坳陷区、东南坳陷区、中央隆起区和东北斜坡区5个一级构造单元和11个二级构造单元.显然,该构造单元的划分对盆地中—新生界次生油气蘸和隐蔽油气藏勘探具有重要意义.     

三塘湖盆地航磁异常特征及油气远景预测

三塘湖盆地是我国西部典型的火山岩油气盆地。本文基于1：5万高精度航磁资料,结合区域地质、区域重力、地面踏勘和物性资料,对三塘湖盆地进行了航磁综合解释;详细分析了磁场和重力场特征及其与区域构造的对应关系,圈定了盆地火山岩分布范围,采用欧拉反褶积方法计算了磁性体埋深,初步揭示了盆地磁性基底起伏情况;结合盆地火山岩油气成藏模式,开展了航磁油气远景预测。结果表明,三塘湖盆地中央坳陷内有隐伏火山岩存在的次级凹陷中心具有寻找火山岩油藏的良好前景：汉水泉凹陷区中的2个次级凹陷中心、条湖凹陷区北段次级凹陷中心应作为油气勘探重点区域;石头梅凸起和岔哈泉凸起区可作为重要油气勘探方向;方方梁凸起及其以南区域可作为下一步油气勘探工作的预研区。研究结果可为盆地油气资源后续勘探开发提供指导。     

黑龙江省虎林市幅重磁场特征及其地质解释

以区域地质资料和物性资料为依据，对黑龙江省虎林市幅重磁场特征进行了综合分析。根据航磁△T异常以及布格异常平面等值线展布特点，对该区的杂乱磁场区、线性磁场区和平稳磁场区进行了相关的地质解释，描述了30条断裂构造带及其重力场特征；结合重力异常和航磁异常等综合资料，按结晶基底起伏形态，将虎林盆地划分为4个隆起、3个凹陷共7个构造单元。     

巴西桑托斯盆地盐下构造单元划分原则与方案刍议

桑托斯盆地历经早白垩世早期克拉通坳陷盆地、早白垩世早—中期裂谷盆地、早白垩世晚期至全新世大陆边缘盆地3个演化阶段,石油资源主要富集于裂谷盆地的生储盖组合中,目前的盆地构造单元划分方案不能够准确地反映裂谷期的构造格局。根据最新的重磁、地震、钻井、大洋钻探等基础资料,提出了桑托斯盆地盐下构造单元划分的新方案:(1)以晚断陷期主要断裂和沉积特征作为划分一级构造单元的依据,根据断裂分布结合晚断陷期沉积厚度600 m等值线确定隆起与坳陷的边界;(2)以晚断陷期次级断裂和沉积特征作为划分二级构造单元的依据,根据同沉积拉张断裂、二级走滑断裂及其调节断裂分布,结合晚断陷期和早坳陷期沉积厚度1 000 m等值线确定凸起和凹陷的边界;(3)将盆地划分为"二隆三坳"5个一级构造单元,包括西部坳陷、阿乌隆起、中央坳陷、卢苏隆起和东部坳陷,并进一步划分为38个二级构造单元。以裂谷盆地构造演化特征为主要依据划分的构造单元对未来油气勘探选区和资源评价具有重要意义。     

塔里木盆地构造单元划分标准、依据和原则的建立

随着塔里木盆地油气勘探的发展,人们对盆地的构造格局有了新的认识,提出了一些新的构造单元划分方案,但没有一种方案获得广泛的认可,其重要原因是没有建立起有说服力的构造单元划分标准、依据和原则。本文根据前人有关构造单元划分惯例、构造单划分规范,结合塔里木盆地实际情况,提出了塔里木盆地构造单元划分标准、依据和原则。划分标准包括命名标准和填色、标注和界线标准,规定一级构造单元名称为隆起和坳陷;二级构造单元名称为凸起、凹陷、斜坡、冲断带和低凸起。划分依据包括界线依据和定名依据,界线依据为深大断裂、-6500m等深线、地层的尖灭线、深大断裂走向趋势线、构造体系包络线和坡折带转折端;定名依据为深大断裂上、下盘、勘探目的层和烃源岩层、构造演化、基底和构造体系,其重要程度在台盆区和前陆区有所不同。根据油气勘探实际和盆地构造演化,提出了七项构造单元划分原则。     

羌塘盆地高精度航空重磁调查对盆地基底性质与构造格局的启示

羌塘盆地是我国陆域面积最大的中生代海相沉积盆地,该盆地基底属性和深部构造特征尚未形成统一认识.最新获取的高精度航空重、磁资料发现北羌塘整体表现为"磁力高、重力低",南羌塘与之相反,并且北羌塘基底磁性明显强于南羌塘;基于航磁数据计算的基底深度显示出南、北羌塘具有明显差异,北羌塘基底深度普遍在7.0～15.0 km,凹陷中心多达6个;南羌塘基底深度稍浅,多在5.0～13.0 km,凹陷中心只有3个.南、北羌塘截然不同的重磁场特征表明羌塘盆地并不存在统一的前寒武系变质基底,南、北羌塘是两个完全不同的构造单元.E—W向的"中央隆起带"将羌塘盆地一分为二,使其整体呈现"两坳夹一隆"的构造格局,并可以进一步划分为31个凸起区和9个凹陷区.     

航空瞬变电磁及航磁资料在内蒙古阿巴嘎旗地区地质构造探测中的应用

阿巴嘎旗地区位于二连盆地马尼特坳陷中东部,跨及马尼特坳陷和苏尼特隆起两个构造单元,区内大面积覆盖玄武岩被,地面工作相对困难。通过航空TEM （瞬变电磁法）与航磁数据相结合,利用航磁ΔT化极及上延2 000 m平面特征在北部坳陷区推断断裂及中基性岩体;利用航空TEM断面电阻率、时间常数、AIIP视电阻率等资料推断中部隆坳分界线以及南部玄武岩覆盖区地质构造的分布情况,取得的成果可以为研究区的铀成矿地质环境研究提供基础资料,结果表明,航空TEM及航磁组合方法是一种有效的地质构造推断解释手段。     

天津市地球物理场特征及基底构造研究

利用重、磁、电资料对天津市地球物理场和基底构造特征进行了综合分析和研究。研究认为:重、磁、电综合地球物理场可以较好的复原研究区当今构造格架,区域性的地球物理场总体是太古宇结晶基底的反应,局部异常场的变化与中生代以前形成的褶皱基底的起伏关系密切,表现出被断裂分割的断块组合的特点,沿深大断裂多有磁性火山岩分布。在圈定主控断裂体系的基础上,划分了马兰峪复式背斜、冀中坳陷、沧县隆起、黄骅坳陷4大构造单元,并依据重磁异常对区内局部构造和磁性体的分布进行了圈定,这些成果为区域地壳稳定性和矿产资源评价提供了基础地球物理资料依据。     

利用重力异常研究虎林盆地的构造分区和基底形态

首先应用MATLAB语言,编制了多边形法计算基底界面深度的程序,计算了一条基底界面深度。以区域地质资料和物性资料为依据,对黑龙江省虎林市幅1∶20万重磁场进行了综合分析。根据虎林盆地布格异常和区域场特征,结合重力异常和航磁异常等综合资料,按结晶基底起伏状态,将虎林盆地划分为3个隆起区,2个凹陷区。应用Sufer软件以及3D成图技术恢复出盆地基底起伏界面全貌。     

Regional Distribution and Prospects of Potash in China

China was formed by amalgamation of several small continental blocks (cratons), micro, blocks and orogenic belts in different paleoclimatic settings. It may be correlated with other continental blocks but has its own specific characteristics; therefore the tectonic environments of China’s marine and continental saline basins and salt, and potash, forming environment have some specific characteristics: multiple phases of salt formation, difference in salt, forming ages, migration and concentration of salt, forming processes and diversity of component materials, as well as small sizes of marine saline basins and great changes of saline basins in the late stage and occurrence of abundant liquid mineral resources. The nature of the tectonic basement exerted a key controlling effect on the formation of potash basins. The stable tectonic region was favorable for potash concentration in a quasi, stable region, and quasi, and the quasi-stable region was favorable for salt concentration and potash formation in a local stable tectonic region. Most China’s major ancient saline basins occur in “quasi, cratons (continental block)”; especially all the marine saline basins occur in continental blocks with the Precambrian basement. These regions are the key ones for potash search. Most relatively large, scale soluble salt deposits are developed in relatively stable continental nuclei. According to the characteristics of the tectonic domains where China’s salt, forming basins are located, the North China, Yangtze and Tarim, Qaidam salt minerogenetic domains and the northern Qiangtang, western Yunnan salt minerogenetic belt may be distinguished. Their salt and potash prospects will be discussed separately.     

航磁异常的构造解释和华北-塔南-扬子超陆块演化

在现代地球磁场中,总体感磁效应与岩石的磁化率无关。典型地区大比例尺构造组构填图结果与岩石磁组构的对照分析,证明磁线理和构造线理具有一致的矢量特征。强烈韧性剪切导致岩石中区域一致的矿物定向和磁化率各向异性,是干扰现代地球磁场、产生特定航磁异常分布格局的主要因素。对五种基本的区域尺度构造 航磁异常样式的成因进行了分析,证明华北地区的航磁异常的分布样式与结晶基底的基本构造格架基本一致。并据此对塔里木、扬子地体基底岩石的构造性质进行了解释,提出存在前寒武纪华北－ 塔南－ 扬子超陆块。结合显生宙构造演化的地质证据,划分出新太古代克拉通化、古元古代左行韧性剪切改造和活动带发育、中－ 新元古代裂解和活动大陆边缘、古生代原地改造和中生代再裂解五个演化历史阶段     

中国东北地区主要地质特征和地壳构造格架

中国东北地区位于亚洲大陆东缘,发育中国乃至地球上最古老的地质记录、多个时代的古洋岩石圈残片和活动陆缘及陆间碰撞岩浆岩带,具有独特的盆山-山脉相间地貌特征,蕴藏着丰富的自然资源。迄今为止,对于该区古生代构造单元如何划分,一直存在截然不同的认识;对于该区中生代以来的构造格架,缺乏系统的论述。本文在简要介绍现今不同山脉和盆地等地理单元地质特征的基础上,基于断裂构造和地貌特征等方面的资料,把该区新生代构造单元划分为大兴安岭、小兴安岭、阴山-燕山和长白山等4个隆起带,海拉尔-锡林浩特、松辽、三江-兴凯湖和下辽河等4个断陷带。基于岩浆活动和沉积盆地分布,结合区域地球动力学背景,提出了该区晚三叠世至中侏罗世、晚侏罗世、早白垩世早期和早白垩世晚期至古新世等不同阶段构造单元划分的初步方案。基于对已有资料的综合研究,对该区古生代构造单元的特征、松辽盆地的基底组成、早古生代和晚古生代华北克拉通北部边界的位置以及古生代洋盆演化及结束时间等重大地质构造问题,进行了初步探讨,提出了阴山-燕山地区在古生代晚期由克拉通转化为陆缘活化造山带;松辽盆地基底具有与周缘造山系相同的地质组成;该区古生代构造单元是陆缘造山带与碰撞造山带的复合而不是地块拼贴;该区在二叠纪晚期遭受了碰撞造山并在华北北缘形成了高耸的近东西走向的碰撞造山带等新认识。根据洋岩石圈残片和古陆缘岩浆岩的分布,把该区古生代构造单元划分为大兴安岭、阴山-燕山、小兴安岭、张广才岭和老爷岭等5个造山系及华北克拉通,简要介绍了不同造山系的地质特征。     

中国东北地区古生代构造单元:地块还是造山带?

华北克拉通以北的中国东北地区古生代构造单元是地块还是造山带,是地质界近年争论的重要地质构造问题.通过对已有资料的综合研究,简要总结和讨论了各个"地块区"的地质特征,认为这些所谓的地块中,额尔古纳是新元古代晚期至古生代初期存在的地块,从寒武纪开始转变为造山带;其余所谓的古地块都是由古生代蛇绿岩、具有活动陆缘亲缘性的岩浆岩、增生杂岩和少量前南华纪岩石组成的古生代陆缘增生造山带或岛弧造山带.在此基础上,对该区地质历史上古老变质岩与地块关系、佳蒙地块是否存在、构造单元构造属性随时间变化等问题进行了初步讨论.      

西秦岭造山带东段航磁特征及断裂构造格架

本文基于最新高精度1∶5万航磁资料,详细分析了西秦岭造山带东段航磁特征和地质成因,辅以重力资料,新推断或修正了断裂平面位置,探讨了断裂控矿作用和若干典型断裂的地质意义。研究表明,古生界泥盆系、石炭系、二叠系、中生界三叠系碳酸盐岩-沉积碎屑岩是形成平稳负磁背景的主要原因;广泛发育的各类侵入岩,是形成复杂变化、形态各异的叠加异常的主要原因。NWW—EW向、NNE—NE向以及NW向深、大断裂共同构成了全区"南北分带,东西分块"的基本构造格架。NWW—EW向深、大断裂是最早形成的主干断裂,航磁上以不同面貌磁场分界线或醒目的磁场梯度带为特征,属华北、扬子两大板块在新元古代—三叠纪分别沿商丹、勉略缝合带南北向俯冲碰撞的产物,构成了本区一级构造单元的分界线,尤其对泥盆系多金属成矿起决定性控制作用;NNE—NE向深、大断裂应是秦岭强烈陆内造山阶段(晚三叠世—新生代)垂向加积增生作用的产物,对NWW—EW向、NW向断裂具有明显的切割、牵引或阻挡作用,航磁上以连续性较好的线性梯度带或磁场扭转变异带为特征,是区内次级构造单元的界限,对深部矿源物质的运移亦起到一定的疏导作用。     

Structural Characteristics and Formation Dynamics: A Review of the Main Sedimentary Basins in the Continent of China

The formation and evolution of basins in the China continent are closely related to the collages of many blocks and orogenic belts. Based on a large amount of the geological, geophysical, petroleum exploration data and a large number of published research results, the basement constitutions and evolutions of tectonic–sedimentary of sedimentary basins, the main border fault belts and the orogenesis of their peripheries of the basins are analyzed. Especially, the main typical basins in the eight divisions in the continent of China are analyzed in detail, including the Tarim, Ordos, Sichuan, Songliao, Bohai Bay, Junggar, Qiadam and Qiangtang basins. The main five stages of superimposed evolutions processes of basins revealed, which accompanied with the tectonic processes of the Paleo–Asian Ocean, Tethyan and Western Pacific domains. They contained the formations of main Cratons(1850–800 Ma), developments of marine basins(800–386 Ma), developments of Marine–continental transition basins and super mantle plumes(386–252 Ma), amalgamation of China Continent and developments of continental basins(252–205 Ma) and development of the foreland basins in the western and extensional faulted basin in the eastern of China(205–0 Ma). Therefore, large scale marine sedimentary basins existed in the relatively stable continental blocks of the Proterozoic, developed during the Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic, with the property of the intracontinental cratons and peripheral foreland basins, the multistage superimposing and late reformations of basins. The continental basins developed on the weak or preexisting divisional basements, or the remnant and reformed marine basins in the Meso–Cenozoic, are mainly the continental margins, back–arc basins, retroarc foreland basins, intracontinental rifts and pull–apart basins. The styles and intensity deformation containing the faults, folds and the structural architecture of regional unconformities of the basins, responded to the openings, subductions, closures of oceans, the continent–continent collisions and reactivation of orogenies near the basins in different periods. The evolutions of the Tianshan–Mongol–Hinggan, Kunlun–Qilian–Qinling–Dabie–Sulu, Jiangshao–Shiwandashan, Helanshan–Longmengshan, Taihang–Wuling orogenic belts, the Tibet Plateau and the Altun and Tan–Lu Fault belts have importantly influenced on the tectonic–sedimentary developments, mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir conditions of their adjacent basins in different times. The evolutions of basins also rely on the deep structures of lithosphere and the rheological properties of the mantle. The mosaic and mirroring geological structures of the deep lithosphere reflect the pre–existed divisions and hot mantle upwelling, constrain to the origins and transforms dynamics of the basins. The leading edges of the basin tectonic dynamics will focus on the basin and mountain coupling, reconstruction of the paleotectonic–paleogeography, establishing relationship between the structural deformations of shallow surface to the deep lithosphere or asthenosphere, as well as the restoring proto–basin and depicting residual basin of the Paleozoic basin, the effects of multiple stages of volcanism and paleo–earthquake events in China.     

大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架重建:来自俯冲增生杂岩研究进展

大兴安岭地区古生代处于古亚洲洋闭合阶段,其间发育众多的弧盆系和蛇绿岩带,笔者等在大兴安岭地区1: 1 000 000地质编图和野外地质调研基础上,应用“洋板块地质”学术思想在大兴安岭地区元古宙、古生代地质体中划分出一系列“俯冲增生杂岩”、地块基底残块、岛弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地等构造单元,结合陆(地)块和岩浆弧、弧前盆地、弧后盆地和“俯冲增生杂岩”的时空展布,划分出9条俯冲增生杂岩带,其中新识别出3条俯冲增生杂岩带。俯冲增生杂岩带主要分布于兴蒙造山带内部各地块之间和地块与大型岛弧带之间,相当于地块间及地块与岛弧带间的缝合带。依据俯冲增生杂岩带两侧对应的陆(地)块、岛弧带等构造级别,归并出5条结合带。俯冲增生杂岩带的展布方向以北东向为主,时代自北向南依次变新,从早奥陶世演化到中—晚二叠世,暗示古亚洲洋洋盆向大兴安岭地区陆(地)块俯冲作用最早发生在北部额尔古纳一带,逐渐向南后撤,不断形成新的洋壳和产生俯冲增生作用,相应的活动陆缘从北部额尔古纳地块向南逐渐增生,配套弧盆系时代也逐渐向南变新。早—中三叠世至西拉木伦一带发生陆-陆拼贴,完成华北板块与西伯利亚板块的对接。通过对大兴安岭地区古生代“俯冲增生杂岩”的研究,重建了大兴安岭地区古生代构造格架,提高了古亚洲洋东段洋-陆转换的研究程度。     

Integrated potential field study on the subsurface structural characterization of the area North Bahariya Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt

The present study aims mainly to delineate and outline the regional subsurface structural and tectonic framework of the buried basement rocks of Abu El Gharadig Basin, Northern Western Desert, Egypt. The potential field data (Bouguer gravity and total intensity aeromagnetic maps) carried out in the Abu El Gharadig Basin had been analyzed together with other geophysical and geological studies. The execution of this study is initiated by transformation of the total intensity aeromagnetic data to the reduced to pole (RTP) magnetic map. This is followed by applying several transformation techniques and various filtering processes through qualitative and quantitative analyses on both of the gravity and magnetic data. These techniques include the qualitative interpretation of gravity, total intensity magnetic and RTP magnetic maps. Regional–residual separation is carried out using the power spectrum. Also, the analytic signal and second vertical derivative techniques are applied to delineate the hidden anomalies. Aeromagnetic anomalies in the area reflect significant features on the basement tectonics, on the deep-seated structures and on the shallow-seated ones. Major faults and intrusions in the area are indicated to be mainly along the NE–SW, NW–SE, ENE–WSW and E–W directions. The Bouguer gravity map indicates major basement fracturing, as well as variations in the sedimentary basins and ridges and subsequent tectonic disturbances. The most obvious anomalous trends on the gravity map, based on their frequencies and amplitudes, are along the NE–SW, ENE–WSW, E–W and NW–SE trends. The main of Abu EL Gharadig Basin depositional center does not show sharp variations, because of the homogeneity of the marine rocks and the great basement depths.     

东海陆架盆地西缘南北向深大断裂

通过对航磁资料的深入研究,首次在东海陆架盆地西缘圈定出1条南北向深大断裂,为陆架盆地控盆深大断裂;推断了该断裂的形成时期,并就这条断裂对火成岩及构造走向的控制作用、地质意义进行了分析.