Types,features, and prospecting potential for Mesozoic metal ore deposits in Zhejiang Province,southeast China

The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.     

Genetic Types and Metallogenic Model for the Polymetallic Copper–Gold Deposits in the Tongling Ore District,Anhui Province,Eastern China

The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere.     

Genesis of Luobuzhen Pb–Zn veins: Implications for porphyry Cu systems and exploration targeting at Luobuzhen-Dongshibu in western Gangdese belt,southern Tibet

Porphyry systems are known to form in magmatic arc environment and commonly include porphyry Cu, epithermal Pb–Zn–Au–Ag, skarn polymetallic mineralization, etc. The systems are rarely reported in collisional zones, such as the Gangdese belt in southern Tibet where many postcollisional porphyry copper deposits occurred. In addition, other types of mineral systems are rarely present except porphyry copper mineralization in the Gangdese belt. In this study, we present Pb–Zn-bearing quartz veins at Luobuzhen in the western Gangdese belt. The Luobuzhen Pb–Zn veins cross-cut dacite of the Linzizong Group with zircon U–Pb age of 50.1 ± 0.2 Ma and monzogranite with zircon U–Pb age of 17.1 ± 0.1 Ma. Ore minerals include sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite; gangue minerals are quartz with minor chlorite and sericite. Primary fluid inclusions of quartz are liquid-rich, aqueous, and two-phase inclusions. The homogenization temperatures of these primary inclusions are moderate to high (267–400 °C), and salinities range from 8.9 to 18.4 wt.% NaCl equiv. Quartz has δ¹⁸O_SMOW values of 6.2–9.3‰, while sulfides have δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of −5.1‰ to 0.1‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 18.722–18.849, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 15.640–15.785, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb of 39.068–39.560. These data suggest that magmatic fluids with contribution from meteoric water, magmatic sulfur, and lead derived from upper crust and metasomatized mantle by Indian continental materials would be critical for the Luobuzhen base metal mineralization.The Dongshibu area, located at ∼2 km east of the Luobuzhen, is characterized by high concentrations of Cu (up to 1450 ppm) and Mo (up to 130 ppm) of stream sediments, which is quite different from high concentrations in Pb, Zn, Ag, and Au shown in the Luobuzhen area. In addition, porphyry copper mineralization-related alteration and veins/veinlets occur in the Miocene monzogranite at Dongshibu. The monzogranite is characterized by high Sr/Y ratios, which are also shown on ore-forming intrusions in the Gangdese postcollisional porphyry copper deposits, and shows similar zircon Hf isotopes to the ore-related high Sr/Y intrusions from the Zhunuo porphyry copper deposit which is located ∼20 km northeast of the Luobuzhen-Dongshibu. A comprehensive analysis allows us to infer that the base metal veins at Luobuzhen are components of a porphyry Cu system with porphyry Cu mineralization likely present at Dongshibu and epithermal Au–Ag veins possibly occurring at Luobuzhen, which are indicative of the existence of porphyry copper systems in collisional zones. The potential porphyry Cu mineralization and epithermal Au–Ag veins should be targeted in future exploration at Luobuzhen-Dongshibu.     

西藏改则县多不杂斑岩型铜金矿床勘查模型

西藏改则县多不杂斑岩型铜金矿床是近年来由西藏地质五队在班公湖-怒江成矿带发现的一个具超大型规模的铜金矿床,系继玉龙、驱龙、雄村、甲玛等超大型铜矿床之后的又一重大找矿突破,也是班公湖-怒江成矿带的第一个超大型斑岩铜金矿。多不杂斑岩型铜金矿产于早白垩世花岗闪长斑岩及其与早侏罗世曲色组变长石石英砂岩的接触带,区域成矿地质背景得天独厚,岩浆活动频繁,为斑岩型铜金矿的成矿提供了有利的条件。该矿床具有典型的斑岩型铜矿的蚀变分带,在斑岩体及其围岩由内向外形成钾硅化带、粘土化带、青磐岩化带、角岩化带。地球物理勘查表明,含矿斑岩区为低视电阻率、高视极化率异常区;1:1万土壤测量显示,斑岩铜矿产于高背景区,并与强度高、浓集中心明显的Cu、Au、Ag、Mo元素的化探综合异常相对应,在空间上尤其与Cu、Au异常分布高度吻合。1:5万水系沉积物测量表明,Au、Ag、As、Sb、Cu、Pb、Zn元素高异常常与激电探测异常吻合。本文通过综合研究初步总结建立了适合本区地质-地球物理-地球化学综合勘查模型。通过勘查和初步评价,在矿区外围新发现了波龙、拿顿、拿若、赛角、尕尔勤、铁格龙、地堡那木岗等斑岩矿(床)点,并最终形成多龙斑岩型铜金矿集区,对该区域找矿起到指导作用。     

Origin of the Newly Discovered Zhunuo Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au Deposit in the Western Part of the Gangdese Porphyry Copper Belt in the Southern Tibetan Plateau, SW China

The newly discovered Zhunuo porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit is located in the western part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt in southern Tibet, SW China. The granitoid plutons in the Zhunuo region are composed of quartz diorite porphyry, diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, biotite monzogranite and quartz porphyry. The quartz diorite porphyry yielded zircon U-Pb ages of 51.9±0.7 Ma(Eocene) using LA-ICP-MS, whereas the diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, biotite monzogranite and quartz porphyry yielded ages ranging from 16.2±0.2 to 14.0±0.2 Ma(Miocene). CuMo-Au mineralization is mainly hosted in the Miocene granodiorite porphyry. Samples from all granitoid plutons have geochemical compositions consistent with high-K calc-alkaline series magmatism. The samples display highly fractionated light rare-earth element(REE) distributions and heavy REE distributions with weakly negative Eu anomalies on chondrite-normalized REE patterns. The trace element distributions exhibit positive anomalies for large-ion lithophile elements(Rb, K, U, Th and Pb) and negative anomalies for high-field-strength elements(Nb and Ti) relative to primitive mantlenormalized values. The Eocene quartz diorite porphyry yielded εNd(t) values ranging from-3.6 to-5.2,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i values in the range 0.7046–0.7063 and initial radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions with ranges of 18.599–18.657 ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb, 15.642–15.673 ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and 38.956–39.199 ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb. In contrast, the Miocene granitoid plutons yielded ε_(Nd)(t) values ranging from-6.1 to-7.3 and(87Sr/86Sr)i values in the range 0.7071–0.7078 with similar Pb isotopic compositions to the Eocene quart diorite. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the rocks are consistent with formation from magma containing a component of remelted ancient crust. Zircon grains from the Eocene quartz diorite have ε_(Hf)(t) values ranging from-5.2 to +0.9 and two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 1.07 to 1.46 Ga, while zircon grains from the Miocene granitoid plutons have ε_(Hf)(t) values from-9.9 to +4.2 and two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 1.05–1.73 Ga, indicating that the ancient crustal component likely derives from Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic basement. This source is distinct from that of most porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the eastern part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt, which likely originated from juvenile crust. We therefore consider melting of ancient crustal basement to have contributed significantly to the formation Miocene porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the western part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt.     

Exploration feature selection applied to hybrid data integration modeling: Targeting copper-gold potential in central Iran

A Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system is implemented in the framework of an adaptive neural network to map Cu–Au prospectivity of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA) in central Iran. We use the hybrid “Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System” (ANFIS; Jang, 1993) algorithm to optimize the fuzzy membership values of input predictor maps and the parameters of the output consequent functions using the spatial distribution of known mineral deposits. Generic genetic models of porphyry copper–gold and iron oxide copper–gold (IOCG) deposits are used in conjunction with deposit models of the Dalli porphyry copper–gold deposit, Aftabru IOCG prospect and other less important Cu–Au deposits within the study area to identify recognition criteria for exploration targeting of Cu–Au deposits. The recognition criteria are represented in the form of GIS predictor layers (spatial proxies) by processing available exploration data sets, which include geology, stream sediment geochemistry, airborne magnetics and multi-spectral remote sensing data. An ANFIS is trained using 30% of the 61 known Cu–Au deposits, prospects and occurrences in the area. In a parallel analysis, an exclusively expert-knowledge-driven fuzzy model was implemented using the same input predictor maps. Although the neuro-fuzzy analysis maps the high potential areas slightly better than the fuzzy model, the well-known mineralized areas and several unknown potential areas are mapped by both models. In the fuzzy analysis, the moderate and high favorable areas cover about 16% of the study area, which predict 77% of the known copper–gold occurrences. By comparison, in the neuro-fuzzy approach the moderate and high favorable areas cover about 17% of the study area, which predict 82% of the copper–gold occurrences.     

东天山成矿带斑岩铜矿和其他类型矿床找矿勘查

东天山地区横跨哈萨克斯坦与塔里木两大板块,是新疆最重要的有色金属、黑色金属和贵金属矿产地之一。经历了前震旦纪基底形成→震旦-泥盆纪古亚洲洋形成、消亡→石炭纪-早二叠世后碰撞造山→晚二叠世至今的陆内造山等阶段。主要成矿期为晚古生代早期(泥盆纪-二叠纪),成矿作用复杂、类型繁多。其中,北部形成岛弧斑岩型和火山岩型铜、钼、金矿,中部形成拉张火山岩型和矽卡岩型金、铜、镍、银矿,中南部形成前寒武纪结晶基底叠加改造的层控-热液型铅、锌、银矿,南部库鲁克塔格和北山地区形成拉张铜、镍、金矿。通过研究认为,东天山地区尤以铜、镍、钼矿产资源潜力很大,优选出28个矿找矿靶区。     

秦岭成矿带成矿特征和找矿方向

秦岭成矿带是我国有色、贵金属工业的重要矿产资源基地,也是最具成矿潜力和找矿远景的地区之一。近年的综合研究工作表明,秦岭造山带是一个多旋回复合大陆碰撞造山带,自太古代以来经历了多种构造体制的转化和多期构造热事件发生,伴随有多个构造成矿旋回,所形成的含矿建造、成矿作用及矿床组合具有多样性。根据成矿时代、构造、建造、成矿作用及矿床组合特征分析,认为秦岭造山带铜、钼、铅、锌、银、金、汞、锑等内生金属矿床主要受7个主要的成矿系统控制,形成了18个主要成矿系列,并对各成矿系列及其典型矿床的地质特征和近几年找矿新发现进行了系统的论述,建立了铜、金、铅、锌、银等矿床系列的区域成矿模式。对区域优势矿种的成矿谱系研究表明,本区成矿在时间演化上表现出明显多旋回性、继承性、新生性和叠加性特征,华力西期与印支末-燕山期是成矿大爆发期,最有利于大型超大矿床形成;在空间分布上,具有明显的侧向和垂向分带性。在此基础上,对秦岭成矿带的成矿潜力及成矿远景区进行了评价和划分,指出秦岭地区热水喷流沉积型与密西西比型铅锌银矿床、微细浸染型与石英脉构造蚀变岩型金矿床、斑岩型钼钨铜矿床及低温热液型汞锑矿床等具有很大的找矿前景。并划分出5个区域成矿远景带和17个重要成矿预测区。     

甘肃北山金、铜矿床红沙的植物地球化学特征及其找矿意义

北山地区植被属戈壁荒漠植被类型，主要植物群落为红沙，红沙中多数元素特别是成矿元素及其伴生元素的含量和变化系数矿区大于背景区，元素含量背景区呈对数正态分布，矿区呈偏对数正态或多峰分布，红沙中的元素组合分类背景区为Au,Cu,Pb,Zn,As,Sb,Mo,V,Mn和Ag,Sn,Sr,Ba及Ti,Cr,Co,Ni,金矿区为Au,Ag,As,Sb,Mo,Mn,Sr和Cu,Pb,Zn,Sn,Ba及Co,Ni,Ti,V,Cr,铜矿区为Cu,Pb,Zn,Mo,Au,Ag,Ba和As,Sb,Sn,Mn及Ti,V,Cr,Co,Ni,Sr，矿区红沙中浓集系数较大的元素多数在矿区岩石中的浓集系统亦较大，金，铜矿床红沙和岩石中的特征元素分别都有Au,Ag,Ag,Sb,Mo,(Mn)和Cu,Pb,(Ba,Ti,Cr)。在金，铜矿床（体上方分别发育有良好的Au和Cu的生物地球化学异常和元素组合及分带，根据红沙的地球化学特征能，判断金或铜矿种类型，并能对掩埋，隐伏金，铜矿床（体）进行定位预测。     

Sulfur Isotope Variations of Metallic Ore Deposits in the Gyeongsang Basin,South Korea

Many metallic ore deposits of the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary periods are distributed in the Gyeongsang Basin. Previous and newly analyzed sulfur isotope data of 309 sulfide samples from 56 ore deposits were reviewed to discuss the genetic characteristics in relation to granitoid rocks. The metallogenic provinces of the Gyeongsang Basin are divided into the Au–Ag(–Cu–Pb–Zn) province in the western basin where the sedimentary rocks of the Shindong and Hayang groups are distributed, Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag–Cu), Cu–Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag), and Fe–W(–Mo) province in the central basin where the volcanic rocks of the Yucheon Group are dominant, and Cu(–Mo–W–Fe) province in the southeastern basin where both sedimentary rocks of the Hayang Group and Tertiary volcanic rocks are present. Average sulfur isotope compositions of the ore deposits show high tendencies ranging from 2.2 to 11.7‰ (average 5.4‰) in the Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag–Cu) province, ?0.7 to 11.5‰ (average 4.6‰) in the Cu–Pb–Zn(–Au–Ag) province, and 3.7 to 11.4‰ (average 7.5‰) in the Fe–W(–Mo) province in relation to magnetite‐series granitoids, whereas they are low in the Au–Ag(–Cu–Pb–Zn) province in relation to ilmenite‐series granitoids, ranging from ?2.9 to 5.7‰ (average 1.7‰). In the Cu(–Mo–W–Fe) province δ³⁴S values are intermediate ranging from 0.3 to 7.7‰ (average 3.6‰) and locally high δ³⁴S values are likely attributable to sulfur derived from the Tertiary volcanic rocks during hydrothermal alteration through faults commonly developed in this region. Magma originated by the partial melting of the ³⁴S‐enriched oceanic plate intruded into the volcanic rocks and formed magnetite‐series granitoids in the central basin, which contributed to high δ³⁴S values of the metallic deposits. Conversely, ilmenite‐series granitoids were formed by assimilation of sedimentary rocks rich in organic sulfur that influenced the low δ³⁴S values of the deposits in the western and southeastern provinces.     

浙江临安西天目地区找矿潜力分析

浙江临安西天目地区地处早古生代扬子被动陆缘和晚中生代西太平洋活动陆缘构造叠加区域.该区发育碳酸盐岩建造,有大量的脉岩出露,环形、放射状断裂构造发育,具有面型蚀变及铜、铅、锌、金等多个矿（化）点;重磁等物探信息显示,该区深部发育EW向深断裂和隐伏岩体;化探扫面揭示,区内钨、钼、铋、铜、铅、锌、金、银、砷等元素背景高;自然重砂调查反映,白钨矿、铅族、钼族等重砂矿物组合具有异常显示.综合成矿地质条件及物、化、重砂异常等信息,认为该区具有寻找斑岩型、夕卡岩型、低温热液型钨、钼、铜、铅锌、金银等多位一体矿床的潜力.     

西藏冈底斯西段银锡铜多金属成矿系列与找矿方向

作为目前我国规模第一的冈底斯巨型铜多金属成矿带,其东段斑岩铜多金属找矿已取得历史性重大突破,发现了驱龙、甲玛等一系列大-超大型矿床。而西段由于复杂的构造背景、不便的交通条件、极低的地质研究和矿产工作程度,相对于东段具有不同的地壳结构和性质,不均一的地幔属性及壳幔作用方式,以及大面积的火山岩覆盖,使得冈底斯西段的成矿类型、找矿潜力等存在很大的不确定性和争议。在科学技术部、中国地质调查局等大力支持下,通过应用赵鹏大院士的“地质异常成矿预测理论”及开展的一系列技术方法创新、靶区优选与应用示范,在厘清区域成矿规律、发现新矿种、新类型、新矿床等方面均取得重大进展或突破,新发现了帮布勒铅锌银铜、拔隆银铅锌锡、打加错银铅锌、诺仓铅锌银钨、桑莫拉锡金等一批具有中-大型以上找矿前景的银锡金铜铅锌钨矿床,而且还发现冈底斯东、西段成矿存在极大差异:西段除了传统的斑岩型铜钼金、夕卡岩型铁铅锌铜(银)等矿床外,与陆相(次)火山岩有关的浅成低温热液型银锡(金)多金属矿床、特别是银锡或独立银矿床,是冈底斯西段最有找矿潜力的矿床类型(类似于东段的斑岩型),主要受古老基底、逆冲推覆构造、火山机构及次火山岩、晚古生代地体建造等的耦合控制。化探异常元素主要为Ag、Pb、Zn、Sn、Cu、Au、As、Sb、Mn等,其中高强度的Ag、Sn、Au是特征性异常元素,从而可以与单纯的夕卡岩型、岩浆热液型矿床相区别。这些矿床主要分布在冈底斯火山岩浆弧和弧背断隆带,与不同期次和成因的火山岩浆活动密切相关,据此划分出与晚三叠世弧岩浆作用有关的斑岩型铜金、与早白垩世弧岩浆作用有关的夕卡岩-浅成低温热液型铁银铅锌(锡)、与晚白垩世岩浆作用有关的夕卡岩型铁铜铅锌(银)、与古新世—始新世中酸性侵入岩有关的斑岩-夕卡岩型铁铜钼铅锌(银)、与古新世陆相(次)火山岩有关的浅成低温热液型银铅锌(锡金)、与中新世岩浆作用有关的斑岩-夕卡岩-浅成低温热液型铜钼金铅锌银6大成矿系列,明确了冈底斯西段的矿种、找矿类型及找矿方向,并客观评价了其资源潜力。根据成矿地质条件、已知矿床的分布以及找矿前景等要素,在冈底斯西段进一步划分出隆格尔铅锌铁铜、尼雄—日阿铁铜、朱诺—罗布真铜钼金、查个勒—诺仓银锡铅锌铜钼、热布喀银锡铅锌等5个矿集区,特别是朱诺—罗布真、查个勒—诺仓2个矿集区呈现出巨大的找矿前景,将会成为冈底斯西段最重要、最能取得重大突破的铜多金属、银锡多金属勘查基地,为该带进一步的找矿勘查工作部署提供了决策依据及目标。     

Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe U-Pb Zircon and 40Ar-39Ar Muscovite Ages of the Yinshan Deposit in the Northeast Jiangxi Province, South China

The Yinshan deposit in the Jiangnan tectonic belt in South China consists of Pb‐Zn‐Ag and Cu‐Au ore bodies. This deposit contains approximately 83 Mt of the Cu‐Au ores at 0.52% Cu and 0.8 g/t Au, and 84 Mt of the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores at 1.25% Pb, 1.02% Zn and 33.3 g/t Ag. It is hosted by low‐grade metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and mafic volcanic rocks of the lower Mesoproterozoic Shuangqiaoshan Group, and continental volcanic rocks of the Jurassic Erhuling Group and dacitic subvolcanic rocks. The ore bodies mainly consist of veinlets of sulfide minerals and sulfide‐disseminated rocks, which are divided into Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag ore bodies. The Cu‐Au ore bodies occur in the area close to a dacite porphyry stock (No. 3 stock), whereas Pb‐Zn‐Ag bodies occur in areas distal from the No. 3 stock. Muscovite is the main alteration mineral associated with the Cu‐Au ore bodies, and muscovite and chlorite are associated with the Pb‐Zn‐Ag ores. A zircon sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U‐Pb age from the No. 3 dacite stock suggests it was emplaced in Early Jurassic. Three ⁴⁰Ar‐³⁹Ar incremental‐heating mineral ages from muscovite, which are related to Cu‐Au and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization, yielded 179–175 Ma. These muscovite ages indicate that Cu‐Au mineralization occurred at 178.2±1.4 Ma (2σ), and Pb‐Zn‐Ag mineralization at 175.4±1.2 Ma (2σ) and 175.3±1.1 Ma (2σ), which supports a restricted period for the mineralization. The Early Jurassic ages for the mineralization at Yinshan are similar to that of the porphyry Cu mineralization at Dexing in Jiangnan tectonic belt, and suggest that the polymetallic mineralization occurred in a regional transcompressional tectonic regime.     

西藏冈底斯多金属成矿带斑岩铜矿定位预测与资源潜力评价

自1999年开展地质大调查以来,冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿研究取得了重大进展.本文在全面收集冈底斯成矿带地质、矿产和物化探资料基础上,建立了本区GIS平台上的资源预测评价系统.采用数理统计分析,确定了冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿定位预测的定量化标志35个,认为对斑岩铜矿预测影响比较重要的地质变量(因素权重>0.2)为花岗岩体(不限时代)、Cu、Mo、W、Au、Ag、Bi化探异常、Cu-Mo、Cu-Mo-Au、Cu-Au-Ag组合化探异常、矿床规模、重力场中低负异常场等.在此基础上,开展了工作区斑岩铜矿的定位预测,圈定了斑岩铜矿成矿远景区33处,计算结果与实际矿产分布和地质理论分析相吻合.采用面金属量法对冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿的资源潜力进行了估算,结果表明,冈底斯地区仍具有良好的斑岩铜矿找矿远景,1 000 m以浅的潜在铜资源量可达1亿吨以上.其中,驱龙-甲马-拉抗俄、松多雄、白容-冲江、松多握、吉如、达布、汤不拉、龙卡朗、崩不弄金矿、洞嘎、雄村、麦热-仁钦则、蒙哑啊东北、吹败子、岗达、沙让-亚贵拉、青龙-龙马拉、冲木达、洛麦南、拉屋找矿潜力较大.     

U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Tongcun Molybdenum Deposit and Zhilingtou Gold‐Silver Deposit in Zhejiang Province,Southeast China,and Its Geological Implications

Mesozoic ore deposits in Zhejiang Province, Southeast China, are divided into the northwestern and southeastern Zhejiang metallogenic belts along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing Fault. The metal ore deposits found in these belts are epithermal Au–Ag deposits, hydrothermal‐vein Ag–Pb–Zn deposits, porphyry–skarn Mo (Fe) deposits, and vein‐type Mo deposits. There is a close spatial–temporal relationship between the Mesozoic ore deposits and Mesozoic volcanic–intrusive complexes. Zircon U–Pb dating of the ore‐related intrusive rocks and molybdenite Re–Os dating from two typical deposits (Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit) in the two metallogenic belts show the early and late Yanshanian ages for mineralization. SIMS U–Pb data of zircons from the Tongcun Mo deposit and Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit indicate that the host granitoids crystallized at 169.7 ± 9.7 Ma (2σ) and 113.6 ± 1 Ma (2σ), respectively. Re–Os analysis of six molybdenite samples from the Tongcun Mo deposit yields an isochron age of 163.9 ± 1.9 Ma (2σ). Re–Os analyses of five molybdenite samples from the porphyry Mo orebodies of the Zhilingtou Au‐Ag deposit yield an isochron age of 110.1 ± 1.8 Ma (2σ). Our results suggest that the metal mineralization in the Zhejiang Province, southeast China formed during at least two stages, i.e., Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, coeval with the granitic magmatism.     

The use of the weights-of-evidence modeling technique to predictive porphyry Cu potential mapping in Ahar–Arasbaran zone,Iran

The weights-of-evidence is a data-driven method that provides a simple approach to integration of diverse geo-data set information. In this study, we will use weights-of-evidence to build a model for predicting tracts in the Ahar–Arasbaran zone of Urumieh-Dokhtar orogenic belt (northwestern Iran) that are favorable for porphyry copper deposits. Weights of evidence are a data-driven method requiring known deposits and occurrences that are used as training points in the evaluated area. This zone hosts two major porphyry Cu deposits (The Sarcheshmeh deposit contains 450 million tonnes of sulfide ore with an average grade of 1.13 % Cu and 0.03 % Mo and Sungun deposit, which has 500 million tonnes of sulfide reserves grading 0.76 % Cu and 0.01 % Mo), and a number of subeconomic porphyry copper deposits are all associated with Mid- to Late Miocene diorite/granodiorite to quartz-monzonite stocks. Five evidential layers including geology, alteration, geochemistry, geophysics, and faulting are chosen for potential mapping. Weight factors were determined based on the applied method to generate last mineral prospectivity map. The studied area reduces to less than 11.78 %, while large zones are excluded for further studies. This result represents a significant area reduction and may help to better focus on mineral exploration targeting porphyry copper deposits in the Ahar–Arasbaran zone.     

青海省枪口南银多金属矿床地质特征、控矿因素及矿床成因

枪口南银多金属矿床地处东昆仑多金属成矿带东段,枪口—哈龙休玛海西-燕山期铁、银、铅、锌、铜、金、钼成矿亚带部分,成矿地质条件优越。枪口南银多金属矿区目前已圈定9条矿化带,21个矿体,主要矿种有金、银、铜、铅、锌、钼等,矿石类型主要为构造热液(脉)型铜铅锌银矿石、构造蚀变岩型金矿石。枪口南矿区构造-岩浆活动强烈,印支期—燕山期构造岩浆活动为矿区成矿提供了热源、成矿物质,区内NE向断裂控制区内金、铜、铅锌等矿体的产出,NW向断裂组控制着区内金、银矿(化)体。NW向断裂组,是区内重要控矿构造;区内中部发现的Ⅳ号含矿斑岩体,具有斑岩型矿床蚀变特征,显示其具有斑岩成矿条件。枪口南银多金属矿床成因有构造热液(脉)型、构造蚀变岩型和斑岩型。     

U–Pb and Re–Os Geochronology of the Hucunnan Copper–Molybdenum Deposit in Anhui Province,Southeast China,and its Geological Implications

The Middle–Lower Yangtze Region (MLYR) is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China that hosts numerous Cu–Fe–Au–S deposits. The Hucunnan deposit in the central part of MLYR is a newly discovered porphyry–skarn‐type copper–molybdenum deposit during recent drilling exploration. Laser ablation ICP–MS analysis carried out in this study yields U–Pb isotopic ages of 137.5 ± 1.2 Ma for the Cu–Mo bearing granodiorite rock and 125.0 ± 1.5 Ma for the Cu‐bearing quartz diorites. The Re–Os isotopic dating of seven molybdenite samples gave an isochron age of 139.5 ± 1.1 Ma, suggesting a syn‐magma mineralization of molybdenite in the Hucunnan deposit. Since porphyry‐type molybdenum deposits are rare in central MLYR, the discovery of the Hucunnan deposit suggests possible molybdenite mineralizations in the deep places of the Cu–Mo bearing granitoids. In addition, the U–Pb isotopic age of 125 Ma for the Cu‐bearing quartz diorites implies a new Cu mineralization period for the MLYR that was rarely reported by previous studies.     

福建紫金山矿田罗卜岭斑岩型铜钼矿地球化学立体探测示范

罗卜岭矿床是与晚中生代花岗闪长斑岩体有关的隐伏斑岩型铜钼矿床, 矿区位于紫金山矿田的东北部; 铜钼矿体主要产于绿泥石化-绢英岩化和(弱)钾化-绢英岩化带中, 矿石矿物组合为黄铜矿+辉钼矿; 少量过渡类型矿体产于高级泥化带中, 矿石矿物组合为蓝辉铜矿+铜蓝+辉钼矿。罗卜岭矿区的原生晕地球化学三维模型显示, 微量元素具有一定的分带特征, 低温元素Au与高温元素组合W、Sn、Bi分布于矿体上方, 中低温元素Pb、Zn、Ag分布于Cu、Mo元素之间; 元素直观垂向分带序列大致为: (As、Sb、Hg)-(W、Bi、Sn)-Ga-Au、Ba-Cu、Ag-Pb、Zn-Mn-Mo; 前缘晕的元素与氧化物组合为As、Sb、Au、Ga、Al2O3, 矿体近矿晕元素组合为Ag、Pb、Zn, 缺失尾晕元素组合; Cu、Mo可直接作为找矿指示元素, Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Ga、Ba、Mn可作为间接指示元素, 矿床深部K2O正异常与Al2O3负异常可作为斑岩型铜钼矿的重要找矿标志, 这一规律对紫金山矿田深部和外围隐伏斑岩型矿体的勘查工作具有重要的参考意义。     

斑岩型矿床——非传统矿产资源研究的重要对象

多年来, 斑岩型矿床在传统意义上被认为是铜和钼的主要来源.然而, 斑岩型矿床成岩成矿地质条件复杂, 矿化类型丰富, 尤其是对一些大型-超大型斑岩矿床, 均为多元素综合性的巨型矿床, 除传统意义上的铜、钼等矿产外, 非传统矿产的成矿-找矿潜力巨大, 包括: 金、银、锡、钨、铋、铅、锌、铼、铀、钴、硫、硒、碲、铂族元素、磁铁矿等, 金红石和稀有金属如钽、铌等也值得关注.开展斑岩型矿床成岩成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征与非传统矿产矿化富集分布规律研究, 总结斑岩型矿床非传统矿产资源潜力预测评价标志, 指导找矿预测与资源潜力评价, 具有重要的理论价值和现实意义.