Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin Differential Hydrocarbon Enrichment and its Main Controlling Factors in Depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin

Significant differential hydrocarbon enrichment occurs in depressions in a petroliferous basin.There are multiple depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, and each depression as a relatively independent unit of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, contains significantly different hydrocarbon generation conditions and enrichment degree. On the basis of previous documents and a large number of statistical data, this work comparatively analyzed the differential hydrocarbon enrichment and its major controlling factors in depressions of the Bohai Bay Basin. The results show that depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin have various hydrocarbon enrichment degrees, and can be categorized into four types, namely enormously oil-rich, oil-rich, oily and oil-poor depressions. In general, the enormously oil-rich and oil-rich depressions are distributed in the eastern part of the basin along the Tan-Lu and Lan-Liao faults, whereas depressions in the western part of the basin are poor in hydrocarbons. Moreover, the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons is also highly heterogeneous, with Pre-Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the northern and western depressions, Paleogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the entire basin, and Neogene strata rich in hydrocarbons in the off-shore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin. From early depressions in onshore areas to the late depressions in offshore areas of the Bohai Bay Basin, the source rocks and source-reservoir-cap rock assemblages gradually become younger and shallower, and the hydrocarbon resource abundance gradually increases. Hydrocarbon supplying condition is the key factor constraining the hydrocarbon enrichment for different depressions,while the main source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, sufficient hydrocarbons and the transportation capacity of faults control the vertical distribution of hydrocarbons. The main factors controlling hydrocarbon enrichment are different for different layers. The hydrocarbon supplying condition of source rocks is the key controlling factor, whereas the source-reservoir configuration, the main sourcereservoir-cap rock assemblages, and the fault transportation are the main factors of hydrocarbon enrichment in the Paleogene, Paleogene and Neogene, respectively.     

Relationship between Geological Structures and Hydrocarbon Enrichment of Different Depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin

The Bohai Bay Basin contains many depressions with varying degrees of hydrocarbon enrichment associated with the geological structures of different depressions. This study discussed the relationship between the geological structures and hydrocarbon enrichment of the depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin. Based on the Paleogene strata distribution and the length to width ratio of different depressions, their geological structures are divided into three types in plan-view: open(length/width 2), narrow(length/width 4) and transitional types(length/width 2–4). In cross section, the geological structures can be divided into dustpan I, dustpan II and double-faulted types. Based on tectonic evolution and sedimentary characteristics, the depressions are classified into early-formed, inherited and late-formed categories. Generally, narrow depressions are mainly located in the northeast and southwest of the Bohai Bay Basin, while open depressions are dominantly distributed in the central area of the basin; late-formed depressions are mainly around the Bohai sea area, and early-formed depressions are mostly located in the periphery of the basin. Geological structures of the depressions control the formation of the source, reservoir and cap rocks as well as hydrocarbon accumulation setting, and further influence the pay zones and oil-bearing sequence. In detail, dustpan II and doublefaulted depressions mainly have A-type sags, which often possess better hydrocarbon generation conditions than dustpan I ones; hydrocarbons in open dustpan II depressions tend to accumulate in the central uplift areas or buried hill, while those in narrow dustpan I depressions always accumulate in gentle slope belts. The oil-bearing sequence for different evolutional depressions corresponds well with the sedimentary strata of the main development stages of depressions. In early-formed depressions, hydrocarbons are mainly enriched in deeply buried reservoirs, while in late-formed depressions hydrocarbons are abundant in the relatively shallow traps. In summary, most inherited and late-formed dustpan II depressions are enriched in hydrocarbons due to their extensive source rocks and good source–reservoir–seal assemblages, whereas dustpan I and early-formed depressions are relatively poor in hydrocarbons.     

渤海湾盆地古近纪古地理特征与油气*

渤海湾盆地是一个典型的内陆裂谷盆地,内部发育6个坳陷、4个隆起、54个凹陷和44个凸起。沉积盆地的含油气性与其古地理分布有密切的关系。利用渤海湾盆地各坳陷大量的录井、岩心、古生物、测井、地震资料及前人的大量文献和数据,对渤海湾盆地各坳陷古近系孔店组、沙河街组沙四段、沙三段、沙二段、沙一段、东营组进行了全区对比和统层。在此基础上,对冀中坳陷、济阳坳陷、临清坳陷内东濮凹陷各组段的沉积相进行了分析,编制了这些区域的古地理图;充分利用前人文献和科研报告中所编制的辽河坳陷、黄骅坳陷、渤海海域古近系各组段的古地理图,编制了渤海湾盆地孔店组、沙河街组沙四段、沙三段、沙二段、沙一段、东营组的古地理图。渤海湾盆地发育数十个含油气凹陷,每个凹陷中心的深湖亚相泥岩构成烃源岩,而在凹陷的边缘发育近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、三角洲、滩坝等砂体,构成重要的储集层,在有利的成藏条件下,凹陷中央的烃源岩向周围与之互层的储集层供烃形成油藏,在凹陷中央的烃源岩中,还发育了页岩油、页岩气、致密油气等非常规油气。因此,每个凹陷就是油气生成、运聚的基本单元,是一个独立的油气运移—聚集系统。生油凹陷的分布及其古地理特征控制了油气在渤海湾盆地古近系中的平面分布。     

渤海湾盆地古近纪古地理特征与油气*

渤海湾盆地是一个典型的内陆裂谷盆地,内部发育6个坳陷、4个隆起、54个凹陷和44个凸起。沉积盆地的含油气性与其古地理分布有密切的关系。利用渤海湾盆地各坳陷大量的录井、岩心、古生物、测井、地震资料及前人的大量文献和数据,对渤海湾盆地各坳陷古近系孔店组、沙河街组沙四段、沙三段、沙二段、沙一段、东营组进行了全区对比和统层。在此基础上,对冀中坳陷、济阳坳陷、临清坳陷内东濮凹陷各组段的沉积相进行了分析,编制了这些区域的古地理图;充分利用前人文献和科研报告中所编制的辽河坳陷、黄骅坳陷、渤海海域古近系各组段的古地理图,编制了渤海湾盆地孔店组、沙河街组沙四段、沙三段、沙二段、沙一段、东营组的古地理图。渤海湾盆地发育数十个含油气凹陷,每个凹陷中心的深湖亚相泥岩构成烃源岩,而在凹陷的边缘发育近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、三角洲、滩坝等砂体,构成重要的储集层,在有利的成藏条件下,凹陷中央的烃源岩向周围与之互层的储集层供烃形成油藏,在凹陷中央的烃源岩中,还发育了页岩油、页岩气、致密油气等非常规油气。因此,每个凹陷就是油气生成、运聚的基本单元,是一个独立的油气运移—聚集系统。生油凹陷的分布及其古地理特征控制了油气在渤海湾盆地古近系中的平面分布。     

华北地台区古近纪—新近纪岩相古地理特征

华北地台区古近系—新近系在渤海湾盆地非常发育,在南华北地区也有较大厚度,而在鄂尔多斯盆地则不甚发育,仅在西北部有少量沉积。渤海湾盆地古近纪以断陷型沉积为主,主要为滨浅湖相沉积,物源来自多个方向,如北部的燕山褶皱带、西部的太行山隆起、南部的鲁西隆起、东部的辽东隆起区以及盆地内部的沧县隆起和埕宁隆起等。南华北地区古近纪发育大小不一多个沉积中心,以河流相沉积为主;鄂尔多斯盆地古近纪仅在西北部出现沉积,发育河流相,缺失古新统—始新统沉积。新近系沉积区主要位于渤海湾盆地、南华北地区以及鄂尔多斯盆地外围的地堑中,主要为河流相和滨浅湖相沉积。新近纪早期渤海湾盆地大面积隆升,导致湖盆收缩,部分地区遭受剥蚀夷平,中晚期盆地整体形成统一坳陷,主要为河流相沉积,局部发育滨浅湖相;南华北地区进入裂谷期后坳陷发育阶段,大面积接受沉积,主要发育河流相沉积。华北地台区西部沿鄂尔多斯盆地周缘形成了一套以河流相与滨浅湖相为主的山前盆地沉积。华北地台区古近纪—新近纪油气的有利勘探区域为渤海湾盆地。     

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化及与中新生代构造演化的响应关系

渤海湾盆地石炭系—二叠系为烃源岩的古生界潜山内幕型原生油气藏认识程度低，勘探难度大，明确石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化过程及与中新生代构造演化的响应关系对内幕型原生油气藏勘探具有重要意义。笔者等基于三维地震资料、典型井实测镜质体反射率、流体包裹体等数据资料，进一步采用构造解析、潜山埋藏史分析以及盆地生烃模拟等技术手段，探讨了渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中新生代构造运动及对石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化的控制作用，明确了生烃时期及有利生烃范围。研究表明，黄骅坳陷中新生代构造活动经历了“两期裂陷，两期抬升”的四个演化阶段，形成多种类型的埋藏史，构造运动引起的古地温变化使南北地区烃源岩进行差异了生烃演化，裂陷建造作用促进地温上升，有利于有机质生烃，挤压改造作用抑制地温上升，有机质生烃中止。乌马营潜山及歧北潜山具有3次生烃阶段，生烃期为早—中三叠纪、早白垩纪、古近纪，港北潜山具有两次生烃阶段，生烃期为早—中三叠纪、古近纪。黄骅坳陷内早期（即早—中三叠纪）生烃范围局限，晚期（即古近纪）生烃最有利，乌马营地区及歧北地区为原生油气藏有利勘探区。     

Distribution Characteristics and Accumulation Model for the Coal‐formed Gas Generated from Permo‐Carboniferous Coal Measures in Bohai Bay Basin,China: A Review

Coal-formed gas generated from the Permo-Carboniferous coal measures has become one of the most important targets for deep hydrocarbon exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin, offshore eastern China. However, the proven gas reserves from this source rock remain low to date, and the distribution characteristics and accumulation model for the coal-formed gas are not clear. Here we review the coal-formed gas deposits formed from the Permo-Carboniferous coal measures in the Bohai Bay Basin. The accumulations are scattered, and dominated by middle-small sized gas fields, of which the proven reserves ranging from 0.002 to 149.4×108 m3 with an average of 44.30×108 m3 and a mid-point of 8.16×108 m3. The commercially valuable gas fields are mainly found in the central and southern parts of the basin. Vertically, the coal-formed gas is accumulated at multiple stratigraphic levels from Paleogene to Archaeozoic, among which the Paleogene and PermoCarboniferous are the main reservoir strata. According to the transporting pathway, filling mechanism and the relationship between source rocks and reservoir, the coal-formed gas accumulation model can be defined into three types: "Upward migrated, fault transported gas" accumulation model, "Laterally migrated, sandbody transported gas" accumulation model, and "Downward migrated, sub-source, fracture transported gas" accumulation model. Source rock distribution, thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation capacity are the fundamental controlling factors for the macro distribution and enrichment of the coal-formed gas. The fault activity and the configuration of fault and caprock control the vertical enrichment pattern.     

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系

渤海湾盆地石炭系—二叠系为烃源岩的古生界潜山内幕型原生油气藏认识程度低,勘探难度大,明确石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化过程及与中—新生代构造演化的响应关系对内幕型原生油气藏勘探具有重要意义。笔者等基于三维地震资料、典型井实测镜质体反射率、流体包裹体等数据资料,进一步采用构造解析、潜山埋藏史分析以及盆地生烃模拟等技术手段,探讨了渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造运动及对石炭系—二叠系烃源岩生烃演化的控制作用,明确了生烃时期及有利生烃范围。研究表明,黄骅坳陷中—新生代构造活动经历了“两期裂陷,两期抬升”的四个演化阶段,形成多种类型的埋藏史,构造运动引起的古地温变化使南北地区烃源岩进行差异了生烃演化,裂陷建造作用促进地温上升,有利于有机质生烃,挤压改造作用抑制地温上升,有机质生烃中止。乌马营潜山及歧北潜山具有3次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、早白垩纪、古近纪,港北潜山具有两次生烃阶段,生烃期为早—中三叠纪、古近纪。黄骅坳陷内早期(即早—中三叠纪)生烃范围局限,晚期(即古近纪)生烃最有利,乌马营地区及歧北地区为原生油气藏有利勘探区。     

Melut盆地富含CO2油气藏的成因及期次

Palogue油田的发现打开了Melut盆地古近系勘探新方向,证实了北部凹陷为富油气凹陷.Palogue油田具有以下白垩统为主力烃源岩,古近系为主力成藏组合的跨时代运聚风格,幔源CO₂气体对油气的聚集和改造具有不可忽略的作用.通过对CO₂气体、原油特征、生标特征、包裹体特征进行研究,结合地层埋藏史,分析油气特征及成藏期次.结果表明:Palogue油田具有两期成藏的特征,古近纪中期发生第1期油气成藏事件,随后原油被降解;古近纪晚期-新近纪以来,伴随幔源CO₂气体油气发生第2次运移充注事件,且CO₂气体对油藏进行了强烈的气洗作用.      

Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of Overpressure in the Depressions of Bohai Bay Basin, China

The distribution and genetic mechanisms of abnormal pressures in the Bohai Bay Basin were systematically analyzed. Abnormal pressures are widely developed in the Bohai Bay Basin, primarily in the Paleogene E2s4, E2s3, Es1, and Ed formations. From the onshore area of the Bohai Bay Basin to the center of the Bozhong area, the top depth of the overpressured zone in each depression increases gradually, the overpressured strata in each depression gradually move to younger formations, and the pressure structure successively alters from single-bottom- overpressure to double-bottom-overpressure and finally to double-top-overpressure. The distribution of overpressured area is consistent with the sedimentary migration controlled by the tectonic evolution of the Bohai Bay Basin, which is closely related to the hydrocarbon-generation capability of active source rocks. The overpressured strata are consistent with the source-rock intervals in each depression; the top of the overpressured zone is synchronous with the hydrocarbon generation threshold in each depression; the hydrocarbon generation capability is positively correlated with the overpressure magnitude in each formation. Undercompaction was the main mechanism of overpressure for depressions with fluid pressure coefficients less than 1.2, whereas hydrocarbon generation was the main mechanism for depressions with fluid pressure coefficients greater than 1.5.     

复合生烃系统--陆相断陷盆地烃源岩评价和油气预测的重要概念

复合生烃系统是指凹陷(或洼陷)具有两套或两套以上有机地球化学特征不同的有效烃源岩,它们具有多个成烃阶段和多期排烃运聚过程,形成了多种油气藏和多源油气藏。其特点可概括为“多套源岩、多阶段成烃、多源(混源)成藏的新模式”。渤海湾盆地油气勘探实践证明,丰富的油气资源及其分布特征与富含有机质生烃洼陷中存在的复合生烃系统具有十分密切的关系。渤海湾盆地复合生烃系统的组合特征可分为盐湖咸水湖相欠充填湖泊类型模式、半咸水微咸水深湖相平衡充填湖泊类型模式和淡水三角洲湖相过充填湖泊类型模式3种典型的湖相组合,其中所发育的烃源岩代表了复合生烃系统的基本特征。复合生烃系统发育在多幕式断陷活动的地质背景下,与不同油气储集性砂体相配合,通过不同的排烃方式和运移通道聚集成藏,形成了不同层系、不同区带和不同圈闭类型的复式油气聚集带,从而在空间上控制了盆地内各种油气藏的形成和分布。     

南沙东北部海域礼乐盆地含油气组合静态地质要素分析

针对礼乐盆地含油气组合静态地质要素的分析表明，盆地内主要发育中生界、古新统一中始新统和下渐新统3套烃源岩，并以中、下两套源岩生烃潜力最好；砂岩、碳酸盐岩和生物礁是盆地的主要储层类型，砂岩储层在中、新生界内广泛发育，而碳酸盐岩和生物礁储层则主要发育于上渐新统一第四系；盆地总体上缺少广泛发育、封盖性能良好的区域性盖层，但局部性盖层发育，且封闭性能良好。盆地主要存在3套含油气组合：中生界含油气组合，这是盆地内较有远景的一套含油气组合；古近系含油气组合，这是盆地最主要的勘探目的层系；新近系含油气组合，该套组合在盆地中部隆起难以形成良好的油气组合关系，而在盆地坳陷区，尤其是南部坳陷则可形成良好的油气组合关系。     

准噶尔盆地南缘安集海河组烃源特征及成藏条件

通过应用地球化学分析、油源对比及盆地模拟等手段对准噶尔盆地南缘古近系安集海河组烃源岩进行了评价,认为该区为一套以Ⅱ型干酪根为主的中等丰度烃源岩,生烃的门限深度为3〖CS％0,0,0,0〗 500 m,时间是8 Ma±。第三系的油藏与其具有密切关系,同时侏罗系煤系烃源岩也为第三系的生油做出了贡献。造成该套烃源岩评价较低的主要原因是地层内发育的异常高压降低了烃源岩的成熟度指标,但由于长期构造挤压的“力化学”作用还是促进了烃源岩的生排烃,并且位于向斜部位的烃源岩其埋深大多超过生烃门限深度,也可以生成大量油气,因此认为还是有效的烃源岩。其生排烃时间与该区构造大规模形成时间相匹配,在背斜形成过程中,伴随着异常压力的产生、平衡,最终促进了油气在背斜核部聚集成藏。有利的勘探区是南缘中段的第二排、第三排构造古近系的安集海河组以及新近系的沙湾组储层。     

渤中凹陷典型富油气区油源断层差异活动与油气富集关系

以渤中凹陷典型富油气区为研究对象,探讨了该富油凹陷油源断层差异活动与油气富集和分布之间的关系。结果表明:研究区不同构造带内油气主要沿油源断层分布,由凸起带向斜坡带方向,油气富集层位逐渐由新近系向古近系及前古近系潜山过渡,且断层平均活动强度逐渐降低;新生代以来断层活动速率整体表现出强-弱--强的演化规律,新近系油气主要富集于油源断层差异活动系数 1. 8且晚期断层活动速率33 m/Ma的断层附近;凸起带边界油源断层长期活动,有利于新近系油气的富集,倾末端油源断层在烃源岩排烃期早、中期活动较强且晚期活动较弱,控制了深、浅层多层系的油气富集,斜坡带油源断层较少且在烃源岩排烃晚期活动强烈,油气主要富集于古近系及前古近系潜山。     

巴西萨利莫斯盆地油气地质特征及油气分布规律

基于萨利莫斯盆地基础地质条件,以石油地质理论为指导,对盆地的生储盖条件及成藏特征进行了研究,并利用多因素叠合的方法对盆地潜在有利区进行了预测。分析认为,萨利莫斯盆地是新元古代末期克拉通内断陷基础上形成的克拉通盆地,形成古生界和中-新生界两套沉积充填序列。盆地内主力烃源岩和储盖层均发育在古生界序列中。泥盆系然迪亚图巴组页岩是盆地中的主力烃源岩;石炭系朱鲁尔组砂岩和泥盆系俄勒组砂岩是最有利的储集层段,与石炭系卡让利组、朱鲁尔组的蒸发岩和页岩构成良好的储盖组合。受岩浆侵入的影响,烃源岩的生排烃分为岩浆侵入前和侵入后两个阶段,并以第二阶段为主生排烃阶段;受晚期构造运动的影响,盆地具有多期成藏的特征,最后一期成藏决定了油气的最终分布。盆地勘探经验表明,油气田往往位于断裂带周围,并受烃源岩的发育位置控制。因此,认为盆地中烃源岩发育区内的断裂带周围是油气田,特别是气田的有利勘探领域。     

准噶尔盆地南缘安集海河组烃源特征及成藏条件

通过应用地球化学分析、油源对比及盆地模拟等手段对准噶尔盆地南缘古近系安集海河组烃源岩进行了评价,认为该区为一套以Ⅱ型干酪根为主的中等丰度烃源岩,生烃的门限深度为3500 m,时间是8 Ma±。第三系的油藏与其具有密切关系,同时侏罗系煤系烃源岩也为第三系的生油做出了贡献。造成该套烃源岩评价较低的主要原因是地层内发育的异常高压降低了烃源岩的成熟度指标,但由于长期构造挤压的"力化学"作用还是促进了烃源岩的生排烃,并且位于向斜部位的烃源岩其埋深大多超过生烃门限深度,也可以生成大量油气,因此认为还是有效的烃源岩。其生排烃时间与该区构造大规模形成时间相匹配,在背斜形成过程中,伴随着异常压力的产生、平衡,最终促进了油气在背斜核部聚集成藏。有利的勘探区是南缘中段的第二排、第三排构造古近系的安集海河组以及新近系的沙湾组储层。     

渤海海域黄河口凹陷油气成藏条件及其分布特征

利用最新高分辨率三维地震资料、测井录井等资料,结合岩心观察信息,从烃源岩、储集层、生储盖组合、圈闭类型和输导体系5个方面对黄河口凹陷油气成藏条件进行了系统分析。研究表明,黄河口凹陷烃源岩在整个凹陷普遍发育,共有3套烃源岩,其中沙河街组三段和东营组三段是主力烃源岩;主要的储集层是新生界碎屑岩储层和基岩储层;生储盖层组合模式有下生中储上盖式、上生下储上盖式和自生自储式;圈闭类型以断块圈闭为主;输导系统以断裂的垂向疏导为主;新构造运动对黄河口凹陷的影响是新近系油气聚集的优越条件,晚期断裂活动对已形成油气藏起到保存和二次分配的作用。油气藏分布在平面上主要环绕生油洼陷呈环带状分布于洼陷周边的构造带中,古近系油气主要围绕东部次洼呈环带状分布,新近系主要呈"T"字形分布,从古近系到新近系油气有由周边向中间、由南向北聚集的特征。     

The paleoclimatic records and the relevance with the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks:A case study of Huanghekou depression,Bohaiwan basin

Bohaiwan basin, covering an area of 200 000 km², is one of the most important oil-bearing basins in Eastern China. Rifting processes formed the basin, and two evolution phases can be recognized. The rifting phase developed in Paleogene, and post-rifting phase occurred in Neogene. More than 200 oil fields have been found in the onshore and offshore area in Bohaiwan basin in recent years. The distribution of the oil fields is closely related to the rich hydrocarbon depressions, and the Huanghekou depression is one of these rich hydrocarbon depressions. A number of large and medium-sized oil and gas fields have been found in this area, such as BZ25-1, BZ34 etc., and the hydrocarbon was mainly from the Huanghekou depression. The formation of rich hydrocarbon source rocks depended on the tectonic setting of rapid subsidence, favorable paleoclimatic conditions and paleolimnology environments. The effects of paleoclimatic condition on hydrocarbon source rocks are the focus of this paper. __________ Translated from Geological Bulletin of China, 2007, 26(7): 830–840 [译自: 地质通报]     

渤海湾盆地南堡大油田的形成条件与富集机制

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷近年来油气勘探取得重大突破,发现了南堡大油田,南堡凹陷成为渤海湾盆地油气富集程度最高的富油凹陷之一.通过大量的采样分析工作,发现了南堡凹陷古近系沙河街组特别是沙三4亚段发育高丰度的优质烃源岩,TOC高达5%以上,有效烃源岩厚度在250m左右;镜质体反射率(Ro)在0.8%以上,无定形体和藻质体是烃源岩...     

临清坳陷东部石炭-二叠系二次生烃差异性研究

受盆地多旋回叠加和反转演化控制,临清坳陷东部石炭-二叠系含煤系地层烃源岩经历了二次生烃过程,并在空间上表现出强烈的差异性。通过对这套烃源岩生烃史模拟结果表明,石炭-二叠系烃源岩于早中三叠世进入生烃门限,随后印支运动造成全区生烃中止,中新生代烃源岩再次深埋,发生二次生烃作用。不同井区二次生烃在时间和空间上存在差异性,洼陷带发育三个“二次生烃”阶段,生烃高峰期发生在新生代,凸起带发育两个“二次生烃”阶段,生烃高峰期发生在中生代,隆起区尚未发生二次生烃。二次生烃早期生成的烃类基本遭受破坏,晚期生成的烃类具备成藏条件,是勘探的主要目标。现今洼陷带烃源岩已进入成熟-高成熟阶段,成为晚期煤成气藏的气灶。