滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿中有机质的生物标志物特征及其地质意义

滇黔交界地区玄武岩中赋存的自然铜矿化与沥青密切相伴,玄武岩层间含碳沉积岩中的自然铜矿化发育大量碳质。本文采用有机质抽提、族组分定量及饱和烃色-质分析等方法对这两种产状的铜矿石中有机质的族组分含量和生物标志物进行了研究,并对其地质意义进行了探讨。通过研究取得如下认识：①含沥青铜矿石和含碳质铜矿石虽然产状明显不同,其有机质成因有明显差异,但其有机质族组分含量及生物标志物特征十分类似,反映它们经历了类似的地质作用;②有机质族组分及其生物标志物提供的来源信息较混乱,这可能是成矿流体循环改造导致的;③生物标志物特征表明,含沥青铜矿石及含碳质铜矿石中有机质经历了类似的较还原的高盐度环境,这可能是高盐度成矿流体及还原的成矿条件的指示;④生物标志物特征及氯仿沥青“A”低含量特征表明两类铜矿石中有机质成熟度高,这可能是成矿流体的热力对有机质改造的结果;⑤有机质生物标志物特征显示两类铜矿石中有机质生物降解作用不强,表明沥青的形成是原油受成矿热液热力影响发生热裂解的结果。     

云南金顶铅锌矿床成矿物质来源及有机成矿作用

分析了金顶铅锌矿床同位素及生物标志化合物特征,探讨了矿床成矿物质来源及有机成矿作用。结果表明,矿石铅主要来自上地幔,成矿流体主要为地幔流体和盆地卤水。矿区有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,同时伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分的输入,有机质来源于三叠纪三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。有机质在成矿作用中可能起到的作用有：还原硫酸盐提供成矿所需的硫源;形成有机一金属络合物,活化运移成矿金属元素;改变成矿物理化学环境对成矿物质的还原沉淀作用。     

广东大宝山南部铅-锌多金属矿床地质特征及找矿方向

大宝山南部铅-锌矿床赋存于大宝山向斜内的中泥盆统东岗岭组下亚组碳酸盐岩地层中,矿床的形成与地层、构造、岩浆活动有关,通过对该矿床成矿特征及控矿因素的分析,对比矿区外围凉桥—新江、官坪—大镇两个有利成矿远景区的成矿地质条件,研究认为,这两个远景区的成矿地质条件与大宝山南部铅-锌金属矿床基本类似,在矿区外围多个矿化集中区中,最具找矿潜力。     

广西丹池锡多金属成矿带烃类组分特征及其成矿指示探讨

大厂矿田内的龙头山锡矿床和铜坑锡矿床是广西丹池锡多金属成矿带中最具有代表性的矿床。其烃类组分的宏观和微观特征及配分规律显示出其成矿的复杂性及物质的多来源性。龙头山矿区花岗岩中烃类组分的含量明显高于矿石及其围岩,其烃类组分的来源和性质明显有别于矿体和围岩,成矿作用与有机流体关系密切。铜坑矿区花岗岩中烃类组分的含量明显不同于各个矿体,并且,不同地质体内烃类组分的含量变化不一,成矿流体在来源和性质上存在较为复杂的联系,成矿流体具有明显的深源特征。     

河南栾川西沟层状铅-锌-银矿床地质特征及成因探讨

栾川西沟铅-锌-银矿是与中元古界官道口群碳酸盐岩、上元古界栾川群碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩沉积建造有关层状铅-锌-银矿.通过对成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及成矿物质来源的研究,其结果认为,该层状铅-锌-银矿床在地层同沉积时形成了矿源层和部分硫化物,之后经历了二个成矿期：（1）中-低温热液期,它使得矿源层进一步发展成矿,并对其进行了叠加改造;（2）风化期,该期对已形成的矿体作了轻微的改造,形成小部分氧化矿体.从成矿条件、成矿物质来源及同位素特征来看,该矿床属于热水沉积-叠加改造型层控矿床.     

阿勒泰复向斜的成矿环境及其矿产

在阿勒泰复向斜内,分布有众多矿产,是阿尔泰山南缘重要的铜、铅、锌及多金属成矿区之一。文章详细介绍了这些重要矿床即铁木尔特铜-锌矿床、大东沟铅-锌矿床、乌拉斯沟铜-铅-锌矿床、阿巴宫铁矿床、红墩铅-锌矿床的地质特征,并从现代成矿理论角度全面分析了这些矿床形成的区域成矿环境及其找矿前景。     

流体烃的他地迁移、生物降解及生物成矿——以西班牙拉·弗罗里达铅锌矿床为例

原生有机质及沥青的有机地球化学研究结果表明矿区存在微弱的热异常，地层中原生有机质含量极低，沥青是成矿过程中由含矿热液从他地带来的迁移型流体烃。流体烃在迁移时发生轻烃组分的分馏。在成矿部位，含有硫酸盐、铅锌和流体烃的深源热液（温度６０一］００℃）与携带硫酸盐还原细菌的大气降水汇合，流体烃发生生物降解和水洗溶解并引起硫酸盐的生物还原，生成硫化氢，导致铅锌硫化物沉淀，形成矿床。     

云南茂租铅-锌矿床地质特征及成因研究

阐述了茂祖铅-锌矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征,着重研究了赋矿地层、铅-锌矿体赋存及矿化特征,并通过该矿床的成矿时代、成矿物质来源、成矿温度方面的研究,综合分析后认为,茂祖铅-锌矿床的成因属同生断裂控矿的热水喷流-沉积改造型.     

云南茂租铅-锌矿床地质特征及成因研究

阐述了茂祖铅．锌矿床的成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征，着重研究了赋矿地层、铅-锌矿体赋存及矿化特征，并通过该矿床的成矿时代、成矿物质来源、成矿温度方面的研究，综合分析后认为，茂祖铅-锌矿床的成因属同生断裂控矿的热水喷流-沉积改造型。     

黔西南金矿有机质地球化学研究

黔西南金矿矿石中有机碳含量与金品位之间没有相关关系。有机质为原生沉积形成的各种显微组分和较多成矿期进入的沥青，沥青在各种矿石中普遍出现，成因上具有储层沥青的性质，是石油烃类热演化的产物。沥青热成熟度高，油浸反射率（Ｒ°％）为１．９－４．５，已达晚期甲烷气阶段，估算受热温度为１５０－２４０℃。矿石中干酪根类型以腐泥－腐殖型为主，与石油沥青相比，富集重碳同位素。质子探针分析表明，矿石中沥青的微量元素组成在不同矿区样品中是不同的，同围岩有紧密联系。碳同位素和微量元素结果说明在成矿过程中存在沥青与围岩的物质交换。矿石可溶有机质含量低，由于成矿作用的影响，可能是有机质二次反应的产物，在族组成上同高成熟度碳酸盐岩相似。从烂泥沟金矿矿石有机抽提物芳烃中检出红色素。金矿有机地球化学研究为解释有机质在金矿形成中的作用提供了重要的依据。     

云南金顶铅锌矿床中有机质的生物标志化合物特征及其意义

云南金顶铅锌矿床中有机质的生物标志化合物特征研究表明:正构烷烃碳数分布范围较宽,有两种峰型,具弱奇偶优势;萜烷化合物相对丰度五环三萜烷三环萜烷四环萜烷;甾烷以规则甾烷为主,规则甾烷C27-C28-C29呈不对称"V"字型分布;有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分;有机质沉积于弱氧化-弱还原低盐度环境,其成熟度较高;样品均遭受了一定程度的热解,这可能与成矿热液的热力作用有关,部分样品还遭受了生物降解作用,砂岩型矿石共生有机质的成熟度略高于角砾状矿石赋存的有机质;生物标志化合物多参数对比表明有机质来源于三叠系三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。     

黔西南灰家堡金矿田有机岩相学和地球化学

灰家堡金矿田是黔西南卡林型金矿床的集中产地之一,对其中的水银洞、紫木凼、太平洞和簸箕田4个代表性金矿床进行了有机岩相学和地球化学研究。灰家堡金矿田的矿床中固体沥青主要产于矿石内,与矿化关系密切,产出形态受孔隙、构造裂隙控制;沥青与热液期矿物的共生组合关系表明其形成时间与成矿时间大致一致。矿石中普遍发育有机质包裹体。有机地球化学特征表明,金矿石和围岩中的有机质成熟度均较高,经历了类似的地质作用过程;有机质形成于强还原、中低盐度的沉积环境;有机质来源以海相菌藻类等低等生物为主,有少量陆源高等植物的输入。     

陕西马元铅锌矿床中有机质的存在及其对成矿的作用

马元铅锌矿床位于扬子地台北缘,米仓山隆起带东段,是扬子地台周缘地区重要的铅锌矿床之一。矿体赋存于震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩中,矿石中见大量沥青与闪锌矿、方铅矿紧密共伴生。为探讨马元铅锌矿床中有机质对铅锌成矿的作用,对矿床中的沥青、矿石及围岩进行了系统的矿相学、岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼成分分析及碳同位素研究。结果表明: 矿床中有机包裹体发育,且有机包裹体中含有甲烷、乙烷、硫化氢、二氧化碳等组分;包裹体均一温度、沥青的镜质体反射率所计算的演化最大古地温与碳同位素特征显示,矿床中的有机质可能是由震旦系灯影组地层中的古油藏发生热裂解形成,古油藏的热裂解为成矿作用提供了还原环境,并为成矿流体中的金属离子沉淀提供了还原硫。     

Anomalous Enrichment of Silver in Organic Matter of the Songxi Shale-hosted Ag-Sb Deposit in Northeastern Guangdong

The silver contents of organic matter in the host rocks of the Songxi shale-hosted Ag-Sb deposit of northeastern Guangdong, South China, have been directly determined using the electron microprobe technique. The silver contents in two types of organic matter, marine vitrinite and solid bitumen, vary in the range from 100×10-6to 350×10-6, which are from tens of times to thousands of times higher than those of the host rocks in the ore deposit. The average silver content of the organic matter is also several times higher than the pay grade of silver for commercial mining of the ore deposit. It is quite obvious that the organic matter of the host rocks in the ore district is characterized by an anomalous enrichment of silver. The results of this study indicate that the silver anomalies in the organic matter have been derived from both the host rocks and the silver-bearing fluids of the Songxi black shale ore source. In the course of sedimentation and later hydrothermal reworking, organic matter was able     

Minerogenetic Mechanism of the Songxi Silver—Antimony Deposit of Northeastern Guangdong—Ore—Controlling Role of Organic Matter

Organic geochemistry and comparisons of characteristics of the organic matter in wall rocks of the ore-controlling strata and ores of the Lower Jurassic Songling black shale formation and the related Songxi silver-antimony deposit of northeastern Guangdong have been studied in this paper.The results show that the Lower Jurassic Songling shale formation is a suite of biologic-rich and organic-rich ore-bearing marine sedimentary rocks.Micro-components of the organic matter in the Songling black shale formation consists primarily of algae,amorphous marine kerogen,solid bitument,and pyrobitument.The thermal evolution of organic matter is at the over-maturity stage.There is a general positive correlation between total organic carbon(CO)and metallogenetic elements such as Ag and Sb in the black shale formation.Organic matter in the host rocks in the Songxi ore deposit played a role in controlling the silver-antimony depositing environment during the forming process of the black shale ore-bearing formation.In the absence of vitrinite,the relative level of thermal maturity calculated by solid bitument reflectance indicates that the ore-forming temperatute of the Songxi silver-antimony deposit was about 150-170℃,which was considered as an epithermally reworked ore deposit.The roles of organic matter in the formation of the Sonxi ore deposit are a primitive accumulation of the metallogenetic elements(Ag,Sb) in the sea-water cycle system for ore source and a concentration of metals by ion exchange of chelation as well as reductionn of the oxidzed metals.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Ore-forming Fluids of the Mayuan Pb-Zn Deposit, Nanzheng, Shaanxi, China

The Mayuan stratabound Pb-Zn deposit in Nanzheng,Shaanxi Province,is located in the northern margin of the Yangtze Plate,in the southern margin of the Beiba Arch.The orebodies are stratiform and hosted in breciated dolostone of the Sinian Dengying Formation.The ore minerals are primarily sphalerite and galena,and the gangue minerals comprise of dolomite,quartz,barite,calcite and solid bitumen.Fluid inclusions from ore-stage quartz and calcite have homogenization tempreatures from 98 to 337℃ and salinities from 7.7 wt%to 22.2 wt%(NaCl equiv.).The vapor phase of the inclusions is mainly composed of CH_4 with minor CO_2 and H_2S.The δD_(fluid) values of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite display a range from-68‰ to-113‰(SMOW),and the δ~(18)O_(fluid)values calculated from δ~(18)O_(quartz) and δ~(18)O_(calcite) values range from 4.5‰ to 16.7‰(SMOW).These data suggest that the ore-forming fluids may have been derived from evaporitic sea water that had reacted with organic matter.The δ~(13)C_(CH4) values of CH_4 in fluid inclusions range from-37.2‰ to-21.0‰(PDB),suggesting that the CH_4 in the ore-forming fluids was mainly derived from organic matter.This,together with the abundance of solid bitumen in the ores,suggest that organic matter played an important role in mineralization,and that the thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR) was the main mechanism of sulfide precipitation.The Mayuan Pb-Zn deposit is a carbonate-hosted epigenetic deposit that may be classified as a Mississippi Valley type(MVT) deposit.     

Fluid Inclusions and C,H, O,S, and Pb Isotopic Compositions of the Dabaoshan Cu Polymetallic Deposit,Northern Guangdong Province,South China

The Dabaoshan deposit in Northern Guangdong Province, South China, is a Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit, located in the southern part of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt. The deposit mainly comprises porphyry Mo and stratiform skarn Cu ore deposits. The genesis of the Cu ore deposit has been ascribed to a typical skarn ore deposit formed by the metasomatism of Devonian carbonate rock layers or to a volcanic rock‐hosted massive sulfide deposit formed by marine exhalation. In this paper, we report on the homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions and C, H, O, S, and Pb isotopic compositions of fluids and minerals in this deposit. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in garnet, diopside, quartz, and calcite provide information on the skarnification, mineralization, and postmineralization stages. The data show that ore‐forming fluids experienced a continuous transition from high temperatures and salinities to low temperatures and salinities over the entire period of mineralization. C, H, and O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids were derived mainly from magmatic water. O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids mingled with atmospheric water during the last stage of mineralization. Sulfur in the ore came mainly from deep magmatic sources. Pb isotopic compositions in the orebody show that almost all the lead in the ore was derived from magma with a crustal source. Combined geological, geophysical, and geochemical data were achieved before we proposed that the Dabaoshan porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn deposit, as one member of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt, formed during the Jurassic subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent at quite low angle. NE‐ and EW‐trending structures controlled the emplacement of magmatic rocks in the South China region. In the mining area, the Xiangguanping Fault and its branches were the main conduits for magmatic crystallization and mineralization. The many subfaults, folds, and interlayer fracture zones on both sides of the main fault provided the requisite space for the ore and, together, were the controlling structures of the orebody.     

西南天山乌拉根铅锌矿床有机地球化学特征及其地质意义

乌拉根铅锌矿床位于塔里木盆地西北缘的喀什凹陷中,含矿岩石为一套中-新生代砂砾岩,矿区伴随铅锌矿化普遍产出大量油气残留物、干沥青等有机质。文章通过有机碳、硫、氯仿沥青"A"及其族组成和饱和烃气相色谱分析等有机地球化学方法,对乌拉根铅锌矿的有机质进行测试分析,进而探讨了有机质在铅锌矿床形成过程中的作用。测试结果显示,乌拉根矿区铅锌的有机碳、硫含量均较高,表明其铅锌的成矿作用与油气的还原作用关系密切,铅锌等成矿元素是在还原状态下沉淀富集的。矿区有机质的氯仿沥青"A"变化不大(0·004%～0·025%)。A的族组分中,总烃平均为46·22%,"非烃+沥青质"平均为53·77%,饱和烃/芳香烃平均为9·59,具I型有机母质特征。饱和烃气相色谱参数特征分析显示,有机质以海相为主,母质来源以藻类为主。矿区样品中,Pr/Ph为0·41～1·84,平均为1·04,说明有机质是处在还原环境中的;OEP为0·75～1·07,平均为0·92,显示了有机质高成熟的特征;CPI为1·03～1·30,平均为1·16,指示热演化程度较高。综合野外证据和测试结果,表明油气活动参与了乌拉根铅锌矿床的成矿作用,油气还原是成矿金属元素富集沉淀成矿的重要因素。     

甘肃代家庄铅锌矿床地质特征

代家庄铅锌矿床位于下拉地—西成铅锌成矿带上,赋存于中泥盆统碎屑岩夹碳酸盐建造中。矿床受地层、岩性、岩相、构造等因素的控制,属沉积改造型矿床。本文通过对代家庄铅锌矿床地质特征及成矿规律的综合研究,总结了控矿因素和找矿标志,以期为矿床评价和外围找矿提供依据。