富铟及贫铟矿床成矿流体中铟与锡铅锌的关系研究

富铟矿床几乎是锡石-硫化物矿床或富含Sn(Sn以硫盐类矿物存在或赋存于方铅矿等硫化物中)的CuP-b-Zn矿床。Sn的存在与否在某种程度上意味着In的富集与否。以富铟与贫铟矿床主成矿期石英中的流体包裹体为研究对象,分析了成矿流体中In、Sn、Pb和Zn的含量,结果显示,两类矿床成矿流体中Pb和Zn的含量处于同一水平,而富铟矿床成矿流体中In和Sn的含量远远高于贫铟矿床,二者相差1～2个数量级。这一方面说明富铟的成矿流体是形成富铟矿床的物质基础,另一方面说明Sn在In的迁移富集过程中起着重要作用。     

花岗岩中铟与锡铜铅锌的关系及其富集成矿意义

全球已知的富铟矿床多与锡石硫化物矿床或富含锡的硫化物矿床有关,这些矿床的形成均与酸性岩浆作用有关。尽管铟的富集参考机理已经积累了较多研究成果,但关于锡在铟的富集成矿过程中起了什么作用?花岗岩浆演化过程中铟与锡等成矿元素的关系如何?等等,这些科学问题依然有待深入的研究。本文对滇东南薄竹山花岗岩和其中的"包体"、都龙矿区南温河花岗岩及矽卡岩矿物、广西昆仑关花岗岩、湖南柿竹园和骑田岭花岗岩中In与Sn、Cu、Pb、Zn的关系进行了初步研究,结果表明,花岗岩浆从结晶成岩→分异出成矿流体→遭受变质与蚀变→与围岩发生接触交代的全过程,In与Sn始终保持同步变化的正相关关系,而In与Cu、Pb、Zn之间不存在相关关系。此外,花岗岩中云母类矿物是In和Sn的主要载体矿物,且其中In与Sn也同样具有很好的正相关性。上述研究结果表明从岩浆结晶成岩到富集成矿过程中,铟与锡是共同迁移的。本文认为在锡存在的情况下,铟更容易超常富集,这可能就是富铟矿化多与锡矿化伴生的重要原因之一。     

分散元素铟富集的矿床类型和矿物专属性

文章研究了我国一些铁锰矿床、铜矿床及铅锌硫化物矿床矿石及矿物中铟的含量变化特点 ,发现In在不同类型的铅、锌、铜、铁、锰等矿床中并不大量富集 ,在这些矿床中矿石平均wIn大都低于 10× 10 -6;在锡石硫化物矿床和富含锡的铅锌多金属矿床中 ,矿石中wIn平均可达 80× 10 -6以上 ,这类矿床中铟的工业储量可达数百吨甚至数千吨 ,80 %以上的铟都富集在闪锌矿中。研究结果表明 ,铟的富集成矿具有矿床类型和矿物专属性 ,这种专属性对铟资源的寻找与利用具有重要意义     

硫铟铜矿在福建紫金山铜金矿床的发现及深部找矿意义

硫铟铜矿(CuInS2)是一种罕见的铟独立矿物,在中国未曾报道过。在研究福建紫金山铜金矿床深部矿石矿物组成时,首次发现了硫铟铜矿。硫铟铜矿通常见于中高温热液矿床,紫金山铜金矿床东南矿段铜矿体中出现了硫钨锡铜矿、硫钼锡铜矿、硫铁锡铜矿、硫砷锡铜矿、锡砷硫钒铜矿、似黄锡矿、辉钼矿等高温矿物,指示紫金山矿床深部成矿温度较高,成矿流体中In、Sn、Pb、Zn、Mo、W含量较高,具有斑岩型等中高温热液成矿系统的找矿潜力。     

河南骆驼山硫多金属矿床铟的分布富集规律

骆驼山硫多金属矿床位于华北陆块南缘栾川矿集区,是以硫和锌为主的大型有色金属矿床,并伴生有丰富的In、Cd等资源。本文以铟为重点研究对象,在详细的野外地质调查和室内显微观察的基础上,应用ICP- MS、LA- ICP- MS等分析测试手段,对骆驼山矿床不同类型的围岩、矿石及不同矿物中的In、Zn、Sn、Cd、Cu等元素的含量、分布特征及相关性开展研究,以揭示铟的分布富集规律。结果表明,骆驼山矿床角岩和矽卡岩具有较高的In背景值,In主要以类质同象的形式赋存在铁闪锌矿（平均含量276. 79×10-6）和黄铜矿（平均含量89. 73×10-6）中,主要由磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿和黄铜矿组成的致密块状矿石（In平均含量63. 90×10-6）具有重要的综合利用价值。In与其他成矿物质一样可能来自深部岩浆,其含量在垂向上的分布总体表现出近矽卡岩端较远矽卡岩端高的特点,富集程度受温度控制明显。矿石中In的富集与Zn、Cu、Cd呈正相关关系,与Sn关系不明显。In在铁闪锌矿中与Zn、Cu、Cd含量呈正相关关系,在黄铜矿中与Zn、Sn含量呈弱正相关关系,In在黄铜矿中的富集替换机制有待进一步研究。     

岩浆-热液系统中铟的成矿作用

铟作为支撑新兴高科技产业发展的关键金属,主要应用于电子工业、半导体、焊料合金及航空航天等领域,对国家安全和经济发展至关重要.当前铟的重要来源是与花岗质岩浆有关的锡多金属矿床,其中铟的富集程度远超其他类型矿床.文章在简要概括铟矿床类型的基础上,探讨了铟在岩浆-热液系统各演化阶段的富集过程以及锡、铟同步富集的原因.在岩浆演化过程中,如果有黑云母、角闪石等铟的主要载体矿物发生分离结晶,铟的成矿潜力便会被大大削弱.当铟进入成矿流体后,铟的氯化物、氟化物和氢氧化物对铟的搬运有重要作用,流体的温度、pH值以及金属配体的种类和浓度是控制铟迁移和沉淀的重要因素.而当铟从流体中沉淀时,因四次配位的In3+与贱金属硫化物(闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黝铜矿等矿物)中四次配位的金属离子更相似,造成大量的铟以类质同象替换的方式进入硫化物而与锡发生分离;沉淀后的含铟矿物在后期地质过程中可能经历铟的重新活化、迁移和扩散等过程,导致铟再次富集.铟的富集过程与锡有关,这可能是由于铟和锡具有相似的地球化学性质,二者在表生环境中活动性弱,会滞留在经历化学风化的富黏土的沉积岩中,这样的沉积岩经变质作用会形成大量的云母类矿物,而黑云母作为铟和锡的共同载体,其在高温条件下发生分解可能是导致铟和锡在矿床中同步富集的根本原因.此外,新近在一些贫锡岩浆热液矿床中发现铟也能够超常富集,其机理尚不清楚.加强表生环境中锡与铟预富集过程的研究以及贫锡矿床中铟富集机制的研究,对查明铟-锡共生、分离机制和完善铟成矿理论至关重要.     

云南个旧锡多金属矿集区稀散元素铟的分布富集特征

以云南个旧锡多金属矿集区不同类型岩矿石为研究对象,应用等离子体质谱、岩矿鉴定及高精度电子探针等分析手段,研究稀散元素铟(In)在花岗岩、沉积岩和变质岩中的分布特征及其在矿石矿物中的富集规律。结果显示,斑状黑云母花岗岩中In与Sn存在明显的同消共长关系, In主要分布在提供成矿物质来源的岩体中;斑状黑云母花岗岩中In的富集系数最大,沉积岩中In主要富集在个旧组赋矿地层的矽卡岩中,变质岩中In无明显富集;矿区层间氧化物矿石中In高度富集,而原生硫化物矿石中In仅微弱富集;矿石中元素In与Sn、Zn具有正相关关系,电子探针分析矿石矿物锡石中未检测到In,但在闪锌矿中检测到大量In的存在,表明沉淀成矿过程中,In并不进入锡石中,而是主要进入到闪锌矿等硫化物矿物中。     

豫西熊耳山蒿坪沟Ag-Au-Pb-Zn多金属矿床闪锌矿矿物学和微量元素组成特征及其成矿启示

蒿坪沟银金铅锌多金属矿床是豫西熊耳山地区重要的铅锌多金属矿床之一,矿体主要赋存在蚀变破碎带和断裂带内,成矿与区内岩浆活动关系密切。目前该矿床的研究集中于同位素地球化学、成矿时代和成矿物质来源等方面,但从矿物角度示踪成矿过程的报道较少。本文以矿石中不同世代闪锌矿为研究对象,开展电子探针和LA-ICP-MS原位主微量元素分析,查明不同世代闪锌矿的矿物学和微量元素组成特征,以反演矿床成矿物理化学条件进而约束矿床成因类型。结果表明,该矿床中闪锌矿主要存在两个世代：第一世代闪锌矿(Sp1)呈黑褐色或浅褐色,常与黄铁矿和黄铜矿共生,相对富集Fe、Mn、Cd、Cu和In;第二世代闪锌矿(Sp2)呈黄褐色或暗褐色,与大量方铅矿共生,裂隙被它形黄铁矿和碳酸盐充填,相对富集Co、Ge、Sn和Pb。闪锌矿中主要富集的元素为Fe、Co和In,其中Fe、Mn、Cd、Co和In等元素基本是以类质同象的形式赋存在闪锌矿的矿物晶格中,而Ag、Sb、Cu和Pb可能是以子矿物或显微包裹体的形式赋存。此外,Zn/Cd、Zn/Fe和Ga/In比值以及Fe温度计指示闪锌矿形成于中低温(沉淀时流体温度为229～259℃)和低硫逸...     

广西大厂锡多金属矿床氦、氩同位素特征及其地质意义

为查明广西大厂锡矿床的成因和成矿物质来源，文章对大厂锡矿铜坑一长坡矿床不同产出形态的矿体及区内最晚期成矿的茶山锑矿黄铁矿流体包裹体的氦、氩同位素组成进行了测试。研究结果表明，铜坑一长坡矿床不同产出形态的矿体的成矿流体氦、氩同位素组成基本一致，^3He／^4He值为1.2～2.9Ra，^40Ar／^36Ar为273～327，反映了成矿流体具有相同来源，且有明显的地幔流体混入；茶山锑矿^3He／^4He值为0.78Ra，^40Ar／^36Ar为268，具岩浆流体与大气水混合特征。     

滇东北麻栗坪铅锌矿床微量元素分布与赋存状态:LA-ICPMS研究

位于扬子板块西南缘的"川滇黔接壤铅锌矿集区"是我国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分,麻栗坪铅锌矿床位于该矿集区昭通-曲靖成矿带中段,是近年来滇东北地区新发现的铅锌矿床。本文以麻栗坪铅锌矿不同硫化物为研究对象,通过LA-ICPMS原位点测试和元素Mapping分析,尝试揭示该矿床中Ge、Cd和In等微量元素在不同硫化物中分布规律与赋存状态。本次研究发现,麻栗坪矿床不同硫化物中富集的微量元素明显不同,闪锌矿主要富集Mn、Cu、Sn、Cd、In和Ge,而方铅矿主要富集Ag、Sb和Se,黄铁矿则富集As、Co和Ni。闪锌矿是分散元素Ge、In和Cd的主要载体矿物,且Cd、Ge、In、Mn、As、Sb和Ag以类质同象形式赋存于闪锌矿中;而Cu则主要以类质同象形式存在,部分Cu以黄铜矿的显微包裹体形式赋存于闪锌矿中,其中以类质同象赋存于闪锌矿中Cu和Ge呈现明显的相关性,可能暗示其与Zn的置换方式为:3Zn2+Ge4++2Cu+。总体上,该矿床闪锌矿以富集Cd、Ge,贫Fe、Mn、Co、Sn为特征,这些微量元素组成与典型MVT型矿床基本一致,明显有别于喷流沉积和岩浆热液型矿床,而与中低温条件下形成的闪锌矿微量元素组成相似。结合该矿床后生成矿特征明显等地质地球化学研究成果,我们认为该矿床应属于MVT型铅锌矿床。值得注意的是,该矿床闪锌矿相对富集In,可能暗示其形成具有特殊性,这可能与其成矿流体在长距离运移过程中所流经地层有关,该类流体活化萃取了基底地层的中-酸性岩浆岩或火山碎屑岩中的In,致使矿床中闪锌矿相对富集In。     

Sulfur, lead and helium isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from the Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district in South China: implication for ore genesis

Summary The Dachang Sn-polymetallic ore district is one of the largest tin producing districts in China. Its origin has long been in dispute between magmatic-hydrothermal replacement and submarine exhalative-hydrothermal origin. The Dachang ore district comprises several types of ore deposits, including the Lamo magmatogenic skarn deposit near a granite intrusion, the Changpo-Tongkeng bedded and vein-type sulfide deposit, and the Gaofeng massive sulfide deposit. Sulfide minerals from the Lamo skarn ores show δ³⁴S values in the range between −3 and +4‰ with a mean close to zero, suggesting a major magmatic sulfur source that likely was the intrusive Longxianggai granite. Sulfide minerals from the Gaofeng massive ores show higher δ³⁴S values between +5 and +12‰, whereas sulfide minerals from the Changpo-Tongkeng bedded ores display lighter δ³⁴S values between −7 and −0.2‰. The difference in the sulfur isotope ranges in the two deposits can be interpreted by different degrees of inorganic thermochemcial reduction of marine sulfate using a one-step batch separation fractionation model. Sulfur isotopic compositions from the vein-type ores at Changpo-Tongkeng vary widely from −8 to +4‰, but most of the data cluster around −2.9‰, which is close to that of bedded ores (−3.6‰). The sulfur in vein-type ores might be derived from bedded ores or it represents a mixture of magmatic- and sedimentary-derived sulfur. Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals in the Dachang ore district reveal a difference between massive and bedded ores, with the massive ores displaying more radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. Correlations of ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb or ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb for the massive and bedded ores are interpreted as two-component mixing of Pb leached from sedimentary host rocks and from deep-seated Precambrian basement rocks composed of metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary rocks. Pb isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from vein-type ores overlap with those of bedded sulfides. Similar to the sulfur, the lead in vein-type ores might be derived from bedded ores. Skarn ores at Lamo show very limited variations in Pb isotopic compositions, which may reflect a major magmatic-hydrothermal lead source. Helium isotope data of fluid inclusions trapped in sulfides indicate that He in the massive and bedded ores has a different origin than He in fluorite of granite-related veins. The ³He/⁴He ratios of 1.2–2.9 Ra of fluid inclusions from sulfides at Gaofeng and Changpo-Tongkeng imply a contribution of mantle-derived fluids. Overall our data support a submarine exhalative-hydrothermal origin for the massive and bedded ore types at Dachang. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at Appendix available as electronic supplementary material     

滇东南底圩金矿床矿物学与地球化学研究

位于右江盆地南部的滇东南底圩金矿床是近年来新发现的一处金矿床,为理清其成因,对不同类型矿石和赋矿围岩进行了主、微量元素及硫化物的硫同位素分析。结果表明,相较于赋矿围岩,矿石中明显富集Au、As、Sb、Hg、Tl、S、K、C元素,应为热液带入;而Si、Mg、Fe、Zr和Th在矿石和围岩中变化不大,Fe主要来源于赋矿围岩。对矿床中的主要金属硫化物黄铁矿和毒砂进行的矿物学和硫同位素分析表明,载金矿物主要为含砷黄铁矿和毒砂,金可能主要以Au+的形式赋存在含砷黄铁矿和毒砂之中;含金硫化物具有较高的硫同位素组成(5.93‰~11.99‰),表明成矿所需的S主要为地壳来源。结合前人对于右江盆地南部相似金矿的研究,认为印支期造山作用使沉积物脱水形成的变质流体交代玄武岩,容矿岩石的硫化物化作用是底圩金矿床形成最重要的成矿作用之一。     

滇西南澜沧江带官房铜矿矿床成因和成矿模式探讨

官房铜矿是南澜沧江构造岩浆带正在勘探的规模较大的铜矿床,本文归纳整理了该矿床的地质特征,并结合微量元素和稳定同位素,对矿床成因、成矿模式进行了初步探讨,指出了区域找矿的方向。铜矿化主要与硅化和黄铁矿化有关,含矿岩石为上三叠统小定西组富钾基性火山岩,其稀土元素表现为轻稀土富集型,无或弱的负Eu异常;微量元素配分型式以K、Rb、Ba、Th强烈富集,Ti、Y、Yb、Cr明显亏损为特征,与石英脉型铜矿石存在明显的差异。矿体严格受放射状断裂和岩性双重控制。矿石硫同位素组成稳定,δ34SV-CDT变化范围为-11.88‰～-5.67‰,主要为深源硫。流体包裹体的成分和氢氧同位素组成表明成矿流体为大气降水和岩浆水的混合流体。地质和地球化学特征表明官房铜矿属浅成中-低温热液矿床,形成于相对开放的系统,成矿与隐伏岩体的岩浆作用有明显的成因联系。     

喀拉通克铜镍矿床铂族元素地球化学特征及其成矿作用意义

喀拉通克铜镍矿床位于准噶尔板块北缘,矿区主要矿体赋存于Y1-Y3号岩体中。矿石构造类型为致密块状和浸染状两大类,其中前者与后者呈贯入接触,不同浸染状类型之间为过渡关系。岩石和矿石的PGE总量偏低,且以PPGE为主,IPGE含量较低。整体上岩石中的PGE含量显示随基性程度降低而变小。矿石中的PGE含量随硫化物含量增加增大,显示PGE主要分布于硫化物熔离形成的物相中。100%硫化物计算后,矿石PGE含量平均仅为573×10^-9。各岩体中浸染状矿石PGE组成并无明显差异;岩石和矿石具有相似的PGE分配模式,均属于Pt-Pd配分型。岩石Ni/Cu-Pd/Ir关系以及岩石地球化学资料显示,形成喀拉通克岩体的初始岩浆为MgO含量较高的玄武质岩浆,属于PGE不亏损的岩浆。基于PGE不亏损的大陆拉斑玄武岩初始岩浆推算,喀拉通克矿床母岩浆明显亏损PGE,而深部硫化物熔离可能是导致母岩浆PGE亏损的主要原因。岩石和矿石Pd/Pt比值总体特征,岩石Cr与Ni、Ir、Ru和Rh相关性,以及硫同位素和岩石学资料分析表明,初始岩浆在地壳深部发生的橄榄石、铬铁矿等矿物的分离结晶作用,可能是促使硫过饱和与深部熔离的主要因素。IPGE与PPGE分异特征及其相关分析,结合矿床宏观地质特征,推断该矿床浸染状矿的成矿作用经历了初始岩浆（PGE不亏损）→橄榄石等矿物分离结晶→硫化物深部熔离→成矿母岩浆（PGE亏损）→上侵并结晶分异的成矿过程。块状矿则可能是这一过程中PGE亏损的成矿母岩浆相对滞后熔离形成的硫化物熔体贯入的结果。     

Volkovsky deposit of titanomagnetite and copper-titanomagnetite ores with accompanying noble-metal mineralization, the Central Urals, Russia

The geology of the Volkovsky deposit, the composition of its rocks, titanomagnetite and copper-titanomagnetite ores with accompanying noble-metal mineralization, and their formation conditions are considered. Special attention is paid to the recently revealed noble-metal mineralization and its attendant character in respect to titanomagnetite ore is shown. Ore minerals and their relationships are characterized. Initially immiscible sulfide segregations are described and their evolution is traced up to interrelations with oxide and silicate cumulates. The distribution of noble metals (NM) in titanomagnetite and copper-titanomagnetite ores is discussed. Throughout ore formation, NM gradually accumulated in silicates, oxides, and sulfides. The highest NM concentrations are related to the sulfide schlieren and veinlike segregations in gabbroic rocks. It is suggested that the deposit was formed as a product of fractionation of basaltic magma. The copper-iron ore was deposited from the residual melt enriched in Cu, Fe, Ti, V and volatile P and S in a wide temperature range of 800 to 570°C. Noble metals concentrated in parallel with their own minerals (largely tellurides and native gold) at the final stage of crystallization of gabbroic intrusion.     

Hydrothermal Mineralization on the Mesoproterozoic Passive Continental Margins of China： A Case Study of the Langshan-Zha＇ertaishan Belt, Inner Mongolia, China

Most ore-forming characteristics of the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan hydrothermal exhalation belt, which consists of the Dongshengmiao, Huogeqi, Tanyaokou and Jiashengpan large-superlarge Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide deposits, are most similar to those of Mesoproterozoic SEDEX-type provinces of the world. The characteristics include: (1) All deposits of this type in the belt occur in third-order fault-basins in the Langshan-Zha‘ertaishan aulacogen along the northern margin of the North China Platform; (2) these deposits with all their orebodies hosted in the Mesoproterozoic impure dolomite-marble and carbonaceous phyllite (or schists) have an apparent stratabound nature; ores display laminated and banded structures, showing clear depositional features; (3) there is some evidence of syn-sedimentary faulting, which to a certain extent accounts for the temporal and spatial distribution and the size of the orebodies in all deposits and the formation of intrabed conglomerates and breccias; (4) they show lateral and vertical zonation of sulfides; (5) The Cu/(Pb Zn Cu) ratio of the large and thick Pb Zn Cu orebodies gradually decreases from bottom to top; and (6) barite is interbedded with pyrites and sometimes with sphalerite. However, some characteristics such as the Co/Ni radio of the pyrites, the volcanism, for example, of the Langshan-Zha‘ertalshan metallogenic belt, are different from those of the typical SEDEX deposits of the world. The meta-basic volcanic rock in Huogeqi, the sodic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Dongshengmiao and potassic bimodal-volcanic rocks with blastoporphyfitic and blasto-glomeroporphyritic texture as well as blasto-amygdaloidal structure in the Tanyaokou deposits have been discovered in the only ore-bearing second formation of the Langshan Group in the past 10 years. The metallogeny of some deposits hosted in the Langshan Group is closely related to syn-sedimentary volcanism based on the following facts: most of the lead isotopes in sphalerite, galena, pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite plot on both sides of the line for the mantle or between the lines for the mantle and lower crust in the lead isotope composition diagram; cobalt content of some pyrites samples is much higher than the nickel content (Co/Ni= 11.91-12.19). Some volcanic blocks and debris have been picked out from some pyritic and pyrrhotitic ores. All Zn-Pb-Cu-Fe sulfide orebodies in these deposits occur in the strata overlying metamorphic volcanic rocks in the only ore-bearing second formation. In the Jiashengpan deposit that lacks syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession only Pb and Zn ores occur without Cu ore, but in the Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou and Huogeqi deposits with syn-sedimentary volcanic rocks in the host succession Cu ores occur. This indicates a relatively higher ore-forming temperature. The process of synsedimentary volcanic eruption directly supplied some ore-forming elements, and resulted in secular geothermal anomaly favorable for the circulation of a submarine convective hydrothermal system, which accounts for the precipitation of deep mineralizing fluids exhaling into anoxidic basins along the syn-sedimentary fault system in the Langshan-Zha‘ertai rift. The Dongshengmiao, Tanyaokou, and Huogeqi deposits hosted in the Langshan Group appear to be a transitional type of mineral deposit between SEDEX and VMS-types but with a bias towards SEDEX, while the Jiashengpan deposit hosted in the Zha‘ertai Group is of a characteristic SEDEX type. This evidence, together with other new discoveries of Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks and the features of lithogeny and metallogeny of the Bayun Obo deposit in the neighborhood emphasize the diversity, complexity and uniqueness of the Mesoproterozoic Langshan-Zha‘ertal-Bayun Obo ore belt.     

豫西嵩县上庄坪铅锌银矿床地球化学特征及地质意义

上庄坪铅锌银矿床是新一轮国土资源大调查中在北秦岭二郎坪群发现的硫化物矿床。笔者通过对矿床矿石、容矿同岩、重晶石岩的微量、稀土元素地球化学特征分析和地质特征研究,探讨成矿构造环境、成矿物质来源及矿床成因问题。研究表明.矿石和容矿围岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化组成模式均为右倾型.矿石与围岩在Cu-Pb-Zn判别图解中投点区域一致.矿石Zn/(Zn Pb)与冲绳海槽和上向黑矿矿石特征相似、与TAG和EPR13°N区硫化物存在差异.矿石具较高As、Sb和Pb与低Cu、Cd和Se元素特征.认为该矿床成矿元素来源于壳幔混合、但以壳源为主的围岩变(石英)角斑岩和变细碧岩。矿石稀土元素、微量元素地球化学特征、矿床地质特征及与热水沉积重晶石岩和硅质岩的紧密共生关系说明,上庄坪矿床是弧后盆地构造环境海底热液喷流成岩成矿作用的产物。重晶石岩、硅质岩、矿床纵向和横向分带是寻找和勘探该类矿床的重要标志和依据。     

Genesis of the Mamut Porphyry Copper Deposit, Sabah, East Malaysia

Abstract: The Mamut deposit of Sabah, East Malaysia, is a porphyry type Cu‐Au deposit genetically related to a quartz monzonite (“adamellite”) porphyry stock associated with upper Miocene Mount Kinabalu plutonism. The genesis of the Mamut deposit is discussed based on petrology of the intrusives in the Mount Kinabalu area combined with ore– and alteration–petrography, fluid inclusion and sulfur isotope studies. Groundmass of the adamellite porphyry at Mamut is rich in K which suggests vapor transport of alkaline elements during the mineralizing magmatic process, while the groundmass of the post‐ore “granodiorite” porphyry at Mamut contains small amounts of normative corundum suggesting depletion in alkaline elements at the root zone of the magma column. Sub‐dendritic tremolitic amphibole rims on hornblende phenocrysts in the Mamut adamellite porphyry suggest interaction between the mineralizing magma and the exsolved fluids. Occurrences of clinopyroxene microphenocrysts and pseudomor‐phic aggregates of shredded biotite and clinopyroxene after hornblende phenocrysts in the barren intrusives imply lower water fugacity and decreasing in water fugacity, respectively. Compositional gap between the core of hornblende phenocrysts and the tremolitic amphibole rims and those in the groundmass of the Mamut adamellite porphyry suggests a decrease in pressure. Higher X_Mg (=Mg/(Mg+Fe) atomic ratio) in the tremolitic amphibole rims in the Mamut adamellite porphyry compared to those of the barren intrusions suggests high oxygen fugacity. High halogen contents of igneous hydrous minerals such as amphiboles, biotite and apatite in the Mamut adamellite porphyry suggest the existence of highly saline fluids during the intrusion and solidification of the mineralizing magma. Fluid inclusions found in quartz veinlet stockworks are characterized by abundant hypersaline polyphase inclusions associated with subordinate amounts of immiscible gaseous vapor. Both Cu and Au are dispersed in disseminated and quartz stockwork ores. Chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite as well as magnetite are the principal ore minerals in the biotitized disseminated ores. Primary assemblage of intermediate solid solution (iss) and pyrrhotite converted to the present assemblage of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite during cooling. Subsequent to biotitization, quartz veinlet stockworks formed associated with retrograde chlorite alteration. The Cu‐Fe sul–fides associated with stockwork quartz veinlet are chalcopyrite and pyrite. Overlapping Pb and Zn and subsequent Sb mineralizations were spatially controlled by NNE‐trending fractures accompanying the phyllic and advanced argillic alteration envelope. Sulfur isotopic composition of ore sulfides are homogeneous (about +2%) throughout the mineralization stages. These are identical to those of the magmatic sulfides of Mount Kinabalu adamellitic rocks.     

Isotopic characteristics of the ermakovskoe fluorite–bertrandite–phenakite deposit (Western Transbaikalia)

Isotope-geochemical study of the Ermakovskoe fluorine–beryllium deposit was carried out to estimate the ore sources and role of host carbonate rocks in its formation. We analyzed oxygen and carbon isotope compositions in marbles, skarn carbonates, ore and post-ore parageneses; oxygen isotope compositions in oxides, silicates, apatite; and sulfur isotope composition in sulfides and sulfates. Sources of fluids participating in the rock and ore formation were determined using hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions in hydroxyl-bearing minerals: phlogopite from marbles, vesuvian from skarns, eudidymite and bertrandite from ore parageneses, and bavenite of the post-ore stage. Isotopic studies suggest crustal source of sulfur, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, while oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the hydroxyl-bearing minerals points to the contribution of meteoric waters in the formation of the fluorine-beryllium ores.     

江西万载县兴源冲铜矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨

[摘 要]江西兴源冲铜矿是近几年发现的具有较大潜力的铜多金属矿床,所处的黄茅地区属九岭南缘多层次大型构造叠加成矿地质背景的西段。在野外详细的地质考察以及室内岩矿鉴定的基础上,运用电子探针和气体同位素质谱仪以及包体测温等现代分析测试技术,对兴源冲铜多金属矿床的成矿地质特征及其矿床成因进行了深入细致的分析研究。实验分析得出:电子探针分析数据表明矿石中含大量Cu、Fe,少量Zn、Au,其中Cu 含量达工业品位;矿石中δ³⁴ S_CDT值和包裹体盐度值说明其成矿流体具有同源性,可能来源于地幔或者与岩浆同源;包体均一温度有两个峰值区间,说明矿床受二期成矿流体控制。综合区域、矿区地质特征、矿体特征以及上述实验所得,得出该矿床应为海相-火山喷流沉积变质叠改型铜矿床。