鲁西石炭二叠纪煤层中的高岭岩

鲁西各煤田的某些煤层中夹有不少轻工业矿物原料,如黄铁矿、碳质石英岩和高岭石等矿产。高岭岩矸石分布非常广泛,厚度变化很小,国外和我国西南地区石炭二叠系煤田用它作煤层对比的标志层。其成因的研究对煤田地质和古构造可能有较大的意义。鲁西石炭二叠纪煤系和华北地区一样,山上石炭统太原组和下二叠统山西组组成。      

安徽省华北型石炭-二叠纪年代地层划分

依据最新的《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》和《中国区域年代地层(地质年代)表说明书》,在区域生物地层对比的基础上,本文重新厘订了安徽省华北型石炭-二叠纪年代地层系统,石炭系二分,二叠系三分。区内石炭系仅沉积上石炭统,二叠系齐全,下二叠统、中二叠统、上二叠统均发育。     

煤中汞的赋存状态研究

对采自贵州省二叠系龙潭组煤层的 32个煤样进行了连续化学浸取实验研究 ,并利用重液分离方法 ,将另外 8个采自同一地区的煤样按密度从 1.4至 2 .8× 10 3kg m3分成 10个密度段。通过测定化学浸取过程主要矿物组成的变化及汞的浸取量 ,对比研究各密度段分样中矿物组成和有机质含量与汞含量间关系 ,得出煤中汞主要赋存于黄铁矿中 ,煤样黄铁矿中汞的分布是不均匀的。研究表明 ,当煤炭被开采堆放到地表后 ,煤中大部分汞可以被酸性矿井水带入环境中 ,这一环境污染问题应予以重视。在洗煤过程中 ,平均 5 1%的汞可以被脱除。因此 ,提高原煤入洗率可以有效地降低煤中汞的含量     

宁夏石炭纪、早二叠世孢子带和石炭─二叠系界线

宁夏中宁、中卫地区石炭系和二叠系地层发育，化石丰富，是我国石炭—二叠系地层重要研究地区。首次系统的孢粉地层学研究，共发现６０余属、１８Ｏ余种孢子和花粉。根据孢子花粉在地层中演化规律，可划分出１０个孢粉组合带，其中石炭系８个带，下二叠统２个带。中宁、中卫地区石炭系和下二叠统孢粉组合带可与甘肃靖远和华北地区同时代孢子带比较，亦可与西欧，北美和前苏联有关孢子带对比。中宁、中卫地区石炭系和下二叠统孢粉带的研究不仅有重要地层学和古生物学意义，而且对该地区石炭系和石炭—二叠系界线划分与对比有重要意义，对研究华北地台和祁连褶皱带之间关系以及沉积环境和古地理的研究也十分重要。     

滇西南地区早三叠世沉积的发现

本文论述了在滇西南沧源、镇康、永德一带发现的下三叠统。沧源一带含火山碎屑岩、含放射虫硅质岩之碎屑岩,为早三叠世印度期的沉积,镇康、永德一带之碳酸盐岩为早三叠世奥仑尼克期的沉积。沧源一带有古生物依据的上二叠统碳酸盐岩(厚约325.20m),与上覆下三叠统印度阶怕拍组关系不明,但确整合覆于下二叠统之上。镇康、永德一带尚缺乏古生物依据的碳酸盐岩(厚约492.60m),与上覆下三叠统奥仑尼克阶、下伏下二叠统呈整合接触,有包含下三叠统印度阶及上二叠统(长兴阶、乐平阶)的可能。上述早三叠世沉积的发现,及其与下伏二叠系呈整合接触关系的查明,表明区内并无晚华力西期及印支早期构造运动发生。     

叙永式埃洛石矿中矿物演化的研究

川、黔、滇交界处的埃洛石矿俗称“叙永石”,产于上二叠乐平统龙潭页岩和下二叠阳新统茅口灰岩的卡斯特侵蚀面间。成矿母岩为上二叠乐平统含黄铁矿的高岭石粘土岩。母岩在风化淋滤期间经历以下变化:(1)黄铁矿氧化成针铁矿;(2)高岭石从有序向无序转化,最终转变成埃洛石;(3)锐钛矿作为稳定相残留富集于剖面上部。形成的矿物组合以10埃洛石为主,包括伊利石、伊利石/蒙脱石混层矿物、三水铝石、三羟铝石、石膏、水铝英石和石英。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘煤层气成藏条件研究

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘发育石炭-二叠纪和侏罗纪两套含煤岩系,由北向南发育五大煤田,煤层发育,厚度较大,煤炭资源量丰富。石炭-二叠系煤层煤级高,Ro值为0.51%~1.89%,均值为0.95%,以肥煤、焦煤、无烟煤为主,宏观煤岩成分以暗煤和亮煤为主,煤岩类型主要为半亮煤和半暗煤;侏罗系煤层煤级低,Ro值为0.5%~2.7%,均值为0.72%,以气煤、不黏煤、长焰煤为主,宏观煤岩成分以暗煤为主,煤岩类型主要为半暗煤和暗淡煤为主。两套煤层煤岩显微组分均以镜质组和壳质组为主,属于Ⅲ型(腐殖型)有机质,煤的变质程度均为低成熟到高成熟阶段,具有良好的生气潜能,以生成湿气为主。侏罗系煤层孔隙度高于石炭-二叠系煤层,而石炭-二叠系煤层吸附性能强于侏罗系煤层,煤层含气性较好。     

重庆地区晚二叠世煤系层序地层与聚煤作用

重庆地区上二叠统包括龙潭组/吴家坪组和长兴组,主要发育海陆过渡相(海湾-泻湖-潮坪)及浅海碳酸盐沉积,其中龙潭组和吴家坪组为同期异相沉积。通过对区内钻井剖面及露头剖面的分析,在本区上二叠统中识别出区域性构造不整合面和沉积相转换面等地层界面,并将上二叠统划分为2个三级层序。基于近海煤盆地的背景,研究区厚煤层常靠近初始海泛面发育。总体来看,近海含煤盆地三级层序以海侵体系域聚煤最好。      

黔西南高砷煤的分布及地球化学特征研究

根据野外地质特征结合中子活化成分分析结果,探讨了黔西南高砷煤的分布特征、影响因素和某些地球化学特征。高砷煤严格受构造（褶皱和断层）、地层（二叠系龙潭组）、沉积相（海陆交互相）的控制,分布于平行北斜长轴的断层两侧,愈靠近断层面砷的含量愈高。砷在煤中的分布极不均匀,即使同一煤层变化也极大。在时空关系与元素组合上高砷煤与区内卡林型金矿密切相关。     

胜利油区石炭二叠系含煤地层层序地层学初探

胜利油区石炭二叠系含煤地层包括中石炭统本溪组、上石炭统太原组和下二叠统山西组。可识别出潮坪沉积、障壁岛湖沉积和三角洲沉积三种沉积类型。根据区域地质及古生物资料,确定了三个等时面,划分出２个层序１４个准层序,每个层序包括低位体系域、海侵体系域及高位体系域,而以高位体系域最发育。纵观整个含煤地层的沉积演化过程,本溪组沉积期以滨浅海相为主;太原组沉积期为海陆交替相;山西组沉积期以三角洲相为主,总体表现为海退层序。     

Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China’s Coal

To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China, data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur, arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected, tested for content, and analyzed. Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur; the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content; that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal; and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content; other regions have low sulfur coal. The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China＇s coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world, whereas the content of various elements （Hg, Sb and Se） is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust. The average content of the elements Cr, Se, Co, Be, U, Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and CI in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest. The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China. The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal.     

Permo-Carboniferous Sequence Stratigraphy and Sea Level Changes in North China Platform

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Distribution Characteristics of Sulfur and the Main Harmful Trace Elements in China's Coal

To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China,data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur,arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected,tested for content,and analyzed.Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur;the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content;that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal;and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content;other regions have low sulfur coal.The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China's coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world,whereas the content of various elements(Hg,Sb and Se)is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust.The average content of the elements Cr,Se,Co,Be,U,Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and Cl in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest.The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China.The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal.     

华北地台西缘晚石炭世-早二叠世早期海水进退及其与聚煤作用的关系

从古元古代至晚古生代,华北地台西缘经历了坳拉槽、槽后坳和坳陷发育阶段。笔者在大区域地层对比及详细的沉积环境分析基础上,对晚古生代海水进退与聚煤作用关系作了较深入研究。结果表明：晚石炭世晚期至早二叠世早期华北地台西缘主要为潮坪和三角洲沉积发育区,在空间上沉积环境具有东西有别南北分带的特点;西部由泻湖潮坪沉积环境逐渐过渡为河控泻湖三角洲和受潮汐影响的河控滨海三角洲沉积环境;东部为潮坪沉积环境,东侧边缘还出现近山滨海平原沉积环境。研究区在晚石炭世早期-早二叠世早期发生过4次2级海水进退,其中第三、第四次海侵全区发育。早二叠世早期初的第三次2级海侵是最大的一次。最大海侵前夕晚石炭世晚期末是大区域发育厚-巨厚煤层的最好时期。泻湖三角洲平原和陆源碎屑潮上泥炭坪及泥炭沼泽是最佳的聚煤场所。     

A study on Emei mantle plume activity and the origin of high-As coal in southwestern Guizhou Province

1IntroductionIn recent years deep-going investigations into thestructure of the deep interior of the Earth have provedthat the region of Southwest China where the Emeishanbasalts are widespread is an igneous rock provincecommonly accepted by the internati…     

The Relationship between the Distribution of Thick Coal Belts and the Late Carboniferous-Early Early Permian Marine Transgression-Regression in the North China Platform

Four great second-order transgressions occurred during the Late Carboniferous to early Early Permian and they came from both the eastern and western sea areas in the North China Platform. As time went on, depocentres, depositional extent, transgression directions, coastline position and distribution of minable coal seams were changing continuously. The third great second-order transgression occurring at the beginning of the early Early Permian marks the maximum transgression period and before its arrival, i.e. at the close of the late Late Carboniferous, there was the super-regional coal-forming environment. During the second, third and fourth transgressions, the northern North China Platform was all along situated on the transgressive margin of the epicontinental sea and became the major distribution area of thick coal belts because it maintained a coal-forming environment for a long period of time from the close of the late Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian.     

北秦岭晚古生代海槽与华北陆块石炭—二叠纪含煤岩系

南召柿树园组发现晚古生代孢子化石,证实存在北秦岭晚古生代海槽。西伯利亚板块与华北板块对接,导致华北陆块北缘自早石炭世接受海侵,海水由北向南侵进,注入北秦岭海槽。中石炭世—二叠纪在华北陆块沉积盆地内形成由北向南穿时,由下而上演化的陆表海—三角洲—河湖相沉积体系,伴随沼泽化和泥炭化,形成由北向南穿时的煤层。     

Sedimentary response to the paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic

With the aim of constraining the influence of the surrounding plates on the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton (NCC), we undertook new U–Pb and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons obtained from ten samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments in the Luoyang Basin and Dengfeng area. Samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata were obtained from the Taiyuan, Xiashihezi, Shangshihezi, Shiqianfeng, Ermaying, Shangyoufangzhuang, Upper Jurassic unnamed, and Lower Cretaceous unnamed formations (from oldest to youngest). On the basis of the youngest zircon ages, combined with the age-diagnostic fossils, and volcanic interlayer, we propose that the Taiyuan Formation (youngest zircon age of 439 Ma) formed during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, the Xiashihezi Formation (276 Ma) during the Early Permian, the Shangshihezi (376 Ma) and Shiqianfeng (279 Ma) formations during the Middle–Late Permian, the Ermaying Group (232 Ma) and Shangyoufangzhuang Formation (230 and 210 Ma) during the Late Triassic, the Jurassic unnamed formation (154 Ma) during the Late Jurassic, and the Cretaceous unnamed formation (158 Ma) during the Early Cretaceous. These results, together with previously published data, indicate that: (1) Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian sandstones were sourced from the Northern Qinling Orogen (NQO); (2) Lower Permian sandstones were formed mainly from material derived from the Yinshan–Yanshan Orogenic Belt (YYOB) on the northern margin of the NCC with only minor material from the NQO; (3) Middle–Upper Permian sandstones were derived primarily from the NQO, with only a small contribution from the YYOB; (4) Upper Triassic sandstones were sourced mainly from the YYOB and contain only minor amounts of material from the NQO; (5) Upper Jurassic sandstones were derived from material sourced from the NQO; and (6) Lower Cretaceous conglomerate was formed mainly from recycled earlier detritus.The provenance shift in the Upper Carboniferous–Mesozoic sediments within the study area indicates that the YYOB was strongly uplifted twice, first in relation to subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate beneath the northern margin of the NCC during the Early Permian, and subsequently in relation to collision between the southern Mongolian Plate and the northern margin of the NCC during the Late Triassic. The three episodes of tectonic uplift of the NQO were probably related to collision between the North and South Qinling terranes, northward subduction of the Mianlue Ocean Plate, and collision between the Yangtze Craton and the southern margin of the NCC during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, Middle–Late Permian, and Late Jurassic, respectively. The southern margin of the central NCC was rapidly uplifted and eroded during the Early Cretaceous.     

Hydrocarbon—Generating Characteristics of Barkinite—Rich Colas from Late Permian Longtan Formation ,South China

Leping coal (including barkinite-rich coal) is a unique kind of coal,which is widely distrbuted in the Late Permian Longan Formation,South China,In this paper,ROck-Eval,Py-GC and simulation experiment via an open-system were used to study the hydrocarbon-generating potential,hydrocarbon composition.and hydrocarbon-generating model of barkiniterich coals from the shuicheng coal field of Guizhou Province,Southwest China.The results show that barkinite-rich coals have high hydrocarbon-generating potential,with S1 S2 being 211-311mg/g,and can produce large amounts of hydrocorbon at the high-maturity stage,mostly within the temperature range of 420-450℃(corresponding to VR0 1.1-1.5%);barkinite-rich coal is one of the better oil sources and light hydrocarbon and wet gas are the major hydrocarbon components,which account for 45% and 33% of the total hydrocarbons.respectively.These characteristics are of importance for exploring oil and gas resources in the Late permian Longtan Formation coals,southwest China.     

The relationship between Euramerican and Cathaysian tropical floras in the Late Palaeozoic: Palaeobiogeographical and palaeogeographical implications

Wetland plant communities persisted though much of the Pennsylvanian in Euramerica and are the dominant coal forming vegetation in this region. Distribution of these floras show a dramatic decline at the end of the Carboniferous with many of the plant genera and species becoming extinct by the onset of the Permian. This has been correlated with climate change and in particular aridification associated with northwards plate motion and Euramerica moving into the doldrums, but is also associated with the Variscan orogeny and forefront destroying large areas of formerly lowland basinal settings. Other factors may include Pennsylvanian glaciations as evidenced by cyclothem and rhythmical deposition in lowlying wetland settings, and change in eustatic base level. Evidence from Euramerica demonstrates extinction of this kind of wetland biota by the earliest Permian and the development of drier floras including conifer dominated assemblages. However, new data from other parts of the world, most notably North China, confirm this model and highlight the presence of similar coal swamps ranging from the Late Pennsylvanian through the Permian. In this paper we summarise and synthesize recent taxonomic and systematic investigations undertaken on the plant fossils from the Pennsylvanian Benxi Formation – the oldest recognised wetland plant community in China – and the Early Permian Taiyuan Formation – the best preserved wetland plant community from China. Results indicate a remarkable similarity of the Pennsylvanian–Early Permian floras of North China with the older assemblages in the Pennsylvanian of Euramerica, and the presence of typical ‘Euramerican’ coal swamp plant families, genera and in some cases species in China. Conclusions include the presence of the Ameriosinian phytogeographical realm uniting Euramerica and northern Cathaysia at this time, coal swamps in the Permian of North China evolving from a ‘Euramerican’ origin, and the dramatic floral turnover at the end of the Carboniferous representing a regional event rather than a global extinction episode. Patterns of plant distribution through this interval have profound implications on established palaeogeographical models and support continental connection between Euramerica and Cathaysia before the end of the Carboniferous, contradicting ideas of Cathaysian island biogeography and biotic distinction. Continental connection appears to be related to glacial eustatic low-stand and previously shallow marine environments becoming vegetated. Also important is the fact that in both Euramerica and North China the pattern of floristic demise within wetland plant communities are similar to each other, implying the same causal mechanisms, with plants occupying waterlogged positions being the most severely devastated. However, ecosystem demise occurred at the end of the Carboniferous in Euramerica and in the middle Permian in North China, but in both cases the primary cause was climate change.