锦屏Ⅱ水电站辅助洞岩爆灾害评价及对策研究

锦屏Ⅱ水电站辅助洞是典型的深埋隧洞,高应力条件下的岩爆灾害一直是设计和施工阶段面临的主要问题之一。通过统计辅助洞开挖过程中岩爆的基本规律,结合地应力和典型岩层的室内岩石力学试验,采用不同的岩爆评价指标对辅助洞的岩爆危险性进行了评价分析。并针对辅助洞工程的实际情况,讨论了施工过程中岩爆防治的措施,提出相应的岩爆控制对策,为锦屏Ⅱ水电站正在施工的4条深埋长大引水隧洞中岩爆的预测和防治提供了重要的基础性数据和借鉴,并可为现场施工提供指导     

坑道钻探施工技术规程探讨

坑道钻探在地质勘查、矿山勘探等活动中的应用越来越广泛,尤其是在地表钻探工程受地形深切割而制约搬迁时,矿山企业为延长矿山服务寿命,坑道钻探就成为了首选的勘探技术。但由于其设备模块、作业环境、安全施工条件等特点,坑道钻探的施工安全、钻深能力无法满足日益发展的地质勘查和施工管理要求。同时,我国对坑道钻探的行业规范尚待补充、完善。正确评价安全施工条件、分析其施工特点,并制定相应的工艺方法,能有效保障坑道钻探的安全施工和钻探施工能力。本文以坑道钻探设备、工艺、施工环境、施工经验等为依据,结合多年的坑道钻探经验,整理了全液压坑道钻探施工特点,并将坑道钻探普遍的方法、公约整理成标准并形成规程,在指导坑道钻探安全、高效生产的同时,为安全管理提供依据,为补充和完善行业规范提供参考。     

黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程洞群施工测量

小浪底水利枢纽工程洞群部分包括导流洞、明流洞、排沙洞、发电洞、孔板洞、灌溉洞等各种隧洞108条。洞群施工控制网是在小浪底GPS首级控制网的基础上布设的，为便于施工和快速放样，首先建立以每条遂洞轴线为北方向的坐标系，并将隧洞原设计采用的国家大地坐标转换为每条隧洞的施工坐标。在开挖测量中，用全站仪配合CASIO fx-4800机算器，计算超欠挖及隧洞拱顶变形值。为保证隧洞施工与设计一致，在断面测量中还使用了瑞士徕卡公司新生产的AMT3000激光无棱镜断面仪，大幅度提高了工作效率：     

集中串联通风方法使用效果

我队在勘探矿区施工水平坑道，五年来施工了P_(D3)、P_(D5)、P_(D10)和P_(D6)四个坑道。其中P_(D5)和P_(D10)为短浅坑道，采用常规的压入式，抽出式和混合式通风方法，均有效的解决坑道掘进过程的通风。但P_(D3)和P_(D6)两坑道，施工长度均在600～2000米左右。且主巷设计沿矿体走向布置，按40～80米间距设计穿脉支巷，少数支巷又拉沿脉和穿脉。除主巷外，穿脉多，伴随沿脉结构较复杂。P_(D3)和P_(D6)两坑道，在掘进中使用常规的压入式、抽出式和混合式通风方法均不可能解决     

勘探坑道施工技术辅助设计软件的开发

针对地质勘探坑道掘进施工技术的特点，论述了勘探坑道掘进施工技术辅助设计软件的系统需求分析、功能模块组成以及软件的整体设计思路，同时阐述了目前软件的开发过程和现状，最后对软件的应用前景进行了预测。     

某金铜矿区坑道施工简介

某金铜矿区坑道施工简介福建省地质坑探队廖庆椿福建某金铜矿区坑探施工从１９８５年开始，９年共施工４个硐口，其坑道断面为２ｍ×１．８ｍ，完成坑道工作量８９７４ｍ．穿过的岩层主要有花岗岩和次火山岩。下部铜矿岩性以黄铁矿化、明矾石化、硅化中细粒花岗岩为主，夹...     

黔西南水银洞金矿涌水坑道钻探难点与对策

针对黔西南水银洞金矿坑道钻探施工中的特大涌水钻孔,总结了该矿区坑道钻探施工难点,研究了涌水对钻进效率和岩心采取率的影响,探讨了普通取心工艺钻进时采用岩心上升系数的实践意义,提出绳索取心工艺钻进时的“泄”、“堵”、“疏”的解决思路,形成了解决该矿区Ⅰa含矿层的坑道钻探施工难点的对策,以期为类似地层条件的坑道钻探提供技术指导。     

城市地铁复杂洞群浅埋暗挖法施工技术

通过北京地铁“复八”线王府井－东单区间隧道工程的施工实践，对松散含水地质条件下的大跨度复杂洞群浅埋暗挖施工技术进行了总结与分析，提出了施工方案的5条优选原则，给出了超前开挖支护、洞群系统开挖支护的具体操作步骤和参数，可供类似地下工程参考。     

普查浅硐施工组织与掘进技术

一、施工组织及装备进择根据地质普查坑道浅、断面小的特点，组建一支精明能干、编制为5—7人的掘进班组，其中事务员1人、凿岩工2—3人、爆破工1人，机械维修工1人。配套设备有：YO-18型小型风动凿岩机2台（备用1台）；HP-1.2/4型滑片式柴油压风机1台；NR-200型内燃通凤机1台，2.5V背负式矿灯4盏；胶轮板车1辆。     

坑道钻探的运用和体会

我队六分队在石灰岩地区施工，矿区产状复杂，勘探网度20×25米，探矿手段主要用坑道工程，工作量多，掘进速度慢，费用高，1975年开始采用坑道钻探配合坑道掘进，将部分坑道工程改用坑道钻探，控制、追索水平及深部矿体及含矿带，从而加速了普查勘探速度，改善了施工条件，降低了费用。已施工的23钻孔，进尺1519米，最深孔100.54米，平均台月效率289米，岩矿心采取率80％以上，符合工程质量要求，与坑道成本比较（见表1）节约资金20多万元。实践证明，坑道钻探配合坑道掘进进行矿床普查勘探工作，提供了一条多快好省的途     

寒区山岭公路隧道设计

以某寒区公路隧道为背景,介绍了隧道工程建设条件、总体设计、结构设计及计算、不良地质处理、防水保温等内容,从而为类似寒区隧道设计施工提供一定的依据和指导。     

隧道掘进机施工条件下的隧洞围岩分类方法探讨

针对隧道掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine--TBM)施工隧洞中的围岩分类问题,指出TBM施工条件下的隧洞围岩分类应针对围岩的可钻掘性,充分考虑影响TBM掘进效率的主要工程地质因素,提出了在《工程岩体分级标准》围岩稳定性基本分级的基础上,依据岩石的单轴抗压强度、岩石的耐磨性和岩体的完整性将TBM施工条件下的隧洞围岩分为A(好)、B(一般)、C(差)3个级别的围岩分类新方法。     

Predicting Tunnel Squeezing Using the SVM-BP Combination Model

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Rock squeezing has a large influence on tunnel construction safety; thus, when designing and constructing tunnels it is highly important to use a reliable...     

信息化设计与施工及其在高速公路隧道工程中的应用

信息化设计与施工是工程领域的重要延拓，对信息化设计与施工技术及原理进行了分析探讨，提出以勘查和施工过程中的信息为设计和施工依据，是信息化设计与施工的主要内容。结合襄十高速公路双联拱隧道工程，应用有限元法对该工程施工过程中围岩稳定性进行了分析计算，利用现场施工监测取得的资料，对初始设计与施工进行了优化。     

Study on the Influence of Close Distance Construction of Urban Tunnel on the Existing Station

In the construction of the tunnel passing through the existing structure at an ultra-close distance, the existing structure will produce obvious deformation. It is very important to understand the deformation characteristics of the existing upper structure at different positions, especially to ensure the safety of the upper structure and improve the effectiveness of tunnel construction. In this study, the double-line tunnels of Qingdao Metro Line 4 passing under the Cuobuling station were taken as the engineering background, and a detailed 3D numerical model was established. This study comprehensively considered the on-site construction process, including grouting hardening, stress release of the excavated rock mass, grouting pressure and so on. The influence of tunnel excavation on the ground settlement was compared with or without a station structure, and the result was fitted with an empirical formula. Finally, the deformation of the station structure due to the excavation of the double-line tunnels was analyzed. The results of the analysis were as follows: (1) In the presence of the station structure, the excavation of the tunnels had a significant impact on the surface settlement. (2) The settlement of the sidewall caused by the excavation of the left-line tunnel was greater than that of the right-line tunnel, and the settlement at the junction of the sidewall and the bottom plate was smaller than that at other positions of the sidewall. (3) Compared with the roof and middle slabs, the floor of the station was more susceptible to the influence of tunnel excavation. Overall, the research could provide guidance and reference for similar double-line tunnels through existing stations.

     

隧道线路方案选择原则

针对目前铁路建设中隧道向密度更高、长度更长、断面更大的三个发展趋势,简述了地形条件和地质条件等因素对隧道线形、隧道位置方案选择原则的影响。本文对指导隧道线路方案设计具有重要作用。     

Optimisation Study on Crack Resistance of Tunnel Lining Concrete Under High Ground Temperature Environment

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - In the construction of tunnels in environments with extreme temperatures, excessive temperature differences will lead to the early cracking of concrete...     

Tunnel complex unloaded by a deep excavation

This paper examines the effect of a deep open excavation for an office block on the underlying tunnel complex in the centre of Prague, which was analysed using 2D FEM models. In order to get a proper reference state before excavation, the whole process of construction of the tunnels was modelled and deformation and stress changes induced by open excavation predicted. Bearing capacity, distortion and watertightness of underground structures were then evaluated and recommendations concerning the construction rate and monitoring program given. A good agreement between the pure prediction of tunnel distortion produced by FEM and the measurements undertaken during excavation of the pit and construction of the office block was obtained.     

Safety Management Based on Detection of Possible Rock Bursts by AE Monitoring during Tunnel Excavation

Summary. As underground development continues at great depths, the danger of rock bursts will inevitably increase. It is important to consider countermeasures for avoiding rock bursts in underground work. In Japan, rock bursts have actually been experienced during construction of several tunnels, including the Kan-etsu tunnel construction project, during which many rock bursts were observed. Stress analysis of tunnels is performed based on initial stress measurements in the base rock. In addition, AE measurement has been adopted in construction management, allowing safer excavation. Collective analysis of the data obtained has been shown to be effective for safety control during excavation of hard base rock. In this research, initial stress measurements in base rock, secondary stress analysis around a tunnel, and AE measurements are examined. Based on the results of this analysis, it is clear that the generation of rock bursts is related to the presence of geological discontinuities.