日照近岸海域浒苔暴发区浮游植物调查研究

2016年5月和8月浒苔暴发前后,分别对日照近岸海域浒苔暴发区进行了两个航次的浮游植物断面调查。两个航次中,硅藻都占据了调查海域浮游植物组成的主导地位,在种类数上和细胞丰度值上都占了较大的比例。8月航次细胞丰度明显高于5月航次,这与调查海域的历次调查结果相一致。应用PRIMER软件中的单变量分析得到群落种数(S)、丰富度(d)、香农-威纳指数(Shannon-Weaner index)(H′)和均匀度(J),从多样性指数分析可以看出,5月航次的生物多样性优于8月航次,5月航次调查海域浮游植物种类数量和空间分布都较均匀。两个航次中出现的优势种存在较大差别。     

2014年黄骅港海域浮游动物群落结构季节变化及其影响因素研究

为了解黄骅港海域浮游动物群落结构的季节变化特征及其与环境因子的相关关系,分别于2014年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对该海域进行4个航次的浮游动物和环境因子调查,采用优势度指数、物种多样性和聚类分析等方法分析该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征及其季节变化,采用冗余分析探究引起浮游动物群落结构变动的...     

2017年春、夏季南黄海西部营养盐的分布特征及其与浒苔暴发的关系

基于2017年4月、5月、6月和8—9月在南黄海西部海域4个航次的现场调查，分析了春至夏季逐月的营养盐分布特征及其影响因素，初步探讨了营养盐与浒苔绿潮暴发的关系。结果表明：春至夏季苏北近岸浅水区总体呈现出高温、低盐、高营养盐的特征，且各理化要素垂向差异不明显；同时该海域表层水体中的营养盐含量自4月至5月有所下降，而后开始上升，至8—9月达到最大浓度。受长江冲淡水的影响，调查海域西南部表层存在向东北方扩展的低盐、高营养盐水体，在夏季与苏北海域向外扩展的营养盐高值区连成一体。在调查海域的中部至东北部深水区，入春后表层海水不断升温，至夏季于底层形成显著的黄海冷水团，并在其周围呈现出锋面特征；受初级生产过程和温跃层的影响，入春后该海域的上层营养盐浓度总体呈现出下降的趋势并在夏季维持了较低的水平，而底层营养盐浓度从春季至夏季有所升高且影响范围不断向西南方向扩展，至8—9月达到最大范围。苏北近岸海域丰富的营养盐为入春后大型藻类的生长和暴发提供了重要的物质基础，而且5月南黄海西部相关海域表层营养盐浓度降低与浒苔、马尾藻等大型漂浮藻类暴发对营养盐的吸收利用有关。     

2018年春、夏季浙北海域大中型浮游动物生态特征及其与环境因子的关系

为研究浙北海域大中型浮游动物群落的生态特征及其主要影响因子,于2018年春(5月)、夏季(8月)对浙江北部近海海域大中型浮游动物进行了调查(采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网),并监测了相关环境因子。结果显示,8月份浮游动物丰度均值略高于5月份,和生物量均值的季节变化趋势一致,8月份调查海域浮游动物多样性指数(H′)明显高于西侧杭州湾海域。综合来看,环境因子对浮游动物群落的生态特征产生了一定的影响。在上升流强盛的8月份,浮游动物丰度与DO呈现正相关;Spearman相关性分析表明,低DO降低了浮游动物丰度,然而DO对生物量和多样性指数(H′)均无显著影响。pH在5月份与浮游动物丰度及生物量呈负相关,而8月份趋势相反。     

2008年黄海浒苔绿潮爆发区营养盐浓度化及分布特征

根据2008年7月22-26日和8月5-14日2个航次对黄海浒苔绿潮爆发区的调查数据,研究了调查海域营养盐的浓度变化和分布特征.结果表明,第2航次NH4-N的平均浓度为0.34 μmol/L,低于第J航次,第2航次NO3-N、PO4-P和SiO3-Si的平均浓度分别为4.63 μmol/L、0.39 μmol/L和6....     

2007—2008年春夏季长江口水域浮游动物生态分布特征研究

根据2007年到2008年5月和8月长江口水域共4个航次的监测资料,对长江口水域浮游动物的生物量、优势种、种类数和多样性指数的平面分布及其与环境的关系进行了分析。结果表明,调查水域浮游动物生物量值8月份大于5月份生物量,分布格局呈近岸向外海递增趋势。5月出现的优势种虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus)和真刺唇角水蚤(Labidoceraeuchaeta)分布于河口水域以及咸淡交错水域。8月的背针胸刺水蚤(Centropages dorsispinatus)和太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartiapacifica)分布于河口水域和咸淡交错水域,肥胖箭虫多分布于口外近海水域。中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)在4次采样均出现,是口外近海水域的主要优势种。调查水域浮游动物种类数和多样性指数分布格局呈近岸向外海递增趋势。盐度、温度及主要优势种中华哲水蚤是影响长江口浮游动物分布的重要因子。     

基于HJ-1A/1B的2014年黄海海域浒苔灾害时空分布

自2007年以来, 黄海海域每年的5月初～8月中下旬浒苔(Ulva prolifera)会周期性地暴发与消亡,导致海洋生态环境被破坏以及经济损失。利用2014 年的HJ-1A/1B遥感影像, 利用神经网络监督分类及RULE规则影像重分类动态阈值法, 对2014年的浒苔的漂移路径、各时期影响的海域面积、分布面积以及暴发高峰期的最大面积进行了动态监测。结果表明, 2014年浒苔持续时间为101 d, 5月中旬开始在江苏省盐城市近海出现零星斑点, 分布面积为2.299 km², 影响面积为1 744.799 km²; 6月初到6月中旬浒苔广泛分布于黄海海域, 分布面积扩大至1 367.145 km², 达到当年的峰值; 从6月下旬开始, 浒苔进入衰退期, 浒苔分布面积、相对聚集密度均急剧缩小, 但影响面积的峰值出现在该时期; 8月初消亡于青岛附近海岸, 8月20日遥感影像已难以监测到浒苔的存在。2014年黄海海域浒苔经过了“出现—发展—暴发—衰退—消亡”5个发展阶段。     

南黄海浒苔漂移轨迹年际变化规律及驱动因素

综合利用环境卫星(HJ-1A/1B)CCD影像与MODIS影像,对2011-2017年南黄海海域浒苔信息进行了提取,并结合QuickSCAT海风数据以及ESRL海温数据对浒苔生长及漂移路径的影响进行了分析。结果表明:(1)7年中利用遥感手段最初发现浒苔的日期为5月份,初始发现位置多集中在江苏省盐城市附近海域,且近7年浒苔漂移方向整体上向北,进入山东半岛海域。其中,浒苔中心点距离青岛海域最远约115km(2015年6月21日),最近约9.6km(2012年7月11日)。(2)浒苔中心点漂移方位年际差异较大,整体上浒苔漂移路径方向与海面风风向高度一致。(3)SST是浒苔暴发的关键环境因子,南黄海海域5—8月份SST逐月升高为浒苔生消过程提供了环境条件。     

庙岛群岛浮游动物群落种类组成与时空分布

文章于2018年8月、10月和2019年2月、5月对庙岛群岛海域59个站位进行4个航次的水质及浮游动物调查,统计分析I型网采集浮游动物的群落结构、时空分布及与各环境因子的相关性。结果表明：庙岛群岛海域共鉴定出浮游动物93种,分属13大类,其中桡足类和浮游幼虫均为25种,共占比53.8%。各季节出现的优势种有一定差异,中华哲水蚤在四季当中均为优势种。全年大型浮游动物的丰度在3.0～2 720 ind/m³之间波动,平均值为122.41 ind/m³;生物量在0.25～3 106.75 mg/m³之间波动,平均值为172.15 mg/m³;多样性指数介于0.058～3.670之间,平均值为1.431;均匀度指数介于0.030～0.922之间,平均值为0.467;丰富度指数介于0.362～7.964之间,平均值为2.358。Pearson相关性分析及典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示,各环境因子中温度与盐度对浮游动物的分布影响尤为显著。     

昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区春、夏季浮游动物群落结构与环境因子的相关性

为了解昌黎黄金海岸国家级自然保护区近岸海域浮游动物的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,于2019年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)进行了两次生态环境综合调查。结果表明：春、夏两航次共鉴定浮游动物16种、浮游幼虫12类,合计种类28个。春季浮游动物平均丰度和生物量(175 ind./m³和24.53 mg/m³)均明显低于夏季(1 511 ind./m³和229.98 mg/m³),季节变化显著。Shannon-Wiener生物多样性指数夏季(2.00)低于春季(2.48),Pielou均匀度指数夏季(0.54)也低于春季(0.78)。典范对应分析显示,盐度、氨氮、pH、化学需氧量、亚硝酸盐和透明度是影响浮游动物群落结构变化的重要环境因子。与历史数据对比,调查海域浮游动物种数和生物量呈下降趋势,主要优势种基本一致。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Sea Levels and Coastal Inundation Due to Tropical Cyclones in Indian Coastal Regions of Andhra and Orissa

Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Role of Siliceous Fossil Dissolution in Downcore Variations of Grain Size and Water Content: Western Margin of Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, NE Equatorial Pacific

Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors.     

Sea Levels and Western Boundary Flow Near a Tectonic Zone in the Northern Pacific

This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake.     

A Nondestructive Technique for Predicting the In Situ Void Ratio for Marine Sediments

This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner.     

Particulate n-alkanes and fatty acids in the Changjiang river system

Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream.