阻挫三角反铁磁AgCrO2螺旋自旋序的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的广义梯度近似(GGA)和投影缀加波(PAW)方法,分别从共线和非共线磁性结构出发,研究了自旋阻挫三角反铁磁AgCrO₂的基态、磁性以及电子结构,从理论计算的角度给出了基态磁性结构.计算结果表明:AgCrO₂具有120°螺旋自旋序反铁磁基态,其自旋螺旋面平行于(110)面或(11 0)面;由于Cr离子间的自旋几何阻挫,导致沿晶体的a,b和a+b方向上均形成了螺旋自旋转动角为120°的相互平行的螺旋自旋链;     

Implementation of positive-operator-value measurements for single spin qubit via Heisenberg model

This paper shows that a proposal for implementing all possible two-operator positive-operator-value measurements of single spin qubit can be obtained via introducing another spin qubit as ancilla. The realization process is accomplished from the free evolution of the Heisenberg XX model by considering nearest-neighbour spin interaction. A controlled-NOT gate, which is a significant operator for this scheme is also constructed and the generalisation to multiple-operator is considered finally.     

Entanglement transfer via the Raman atom—cavity-field interaction

For the Raman interaction between an atom and a two-mode cavity field prepared in the state |01> or |10>, the atom and the field can be disentangled periodically. Such a property of Raman atom--field interaction allows the full entanglement transfer among many atoms and bimodal cavities. In the calculations, each atom is assumed to interact with its own cavity at a different time and so non-identical atoms can be treated conveniently. Entanglement sudden death is discussed too. Though atom--field interaction greatly changes the values of the concurrence for two atoms, configuration of the concurrence is almost not affected. When there is entanglement sudden death, atoms and cavities can still be entangled with one another. However, full entanglement transfer cannot be achieved for such systems with Raman atom--field interaction.     

Spin glass dynamics in RKKY interacting disordered magnetic system

Using the dynamical Monte Carlo method we investigate the nonequilibrium effects in RKKY-coupling disordered spin glass. By the simulation we reproduce the well-known aging and memory phenomena and find the energy relaxation at a certain temperature happens only to the corresponding spins, which directly causes the nonequilibrium effects. Combining the master equation and the energy relaxation we analyse these phenomena and explain them from the dynamical perspective.     

非均一相互作用能对超薄膜生长影响的Monte Carlo模拟研究

利用Monte Carlo (MC)模拟技术研究了非均一的吸附原子与基底相互作用能在一定的生长条件下对超薄膜生长过程的影响.非均一相互作用能是由基底表面原子在垂直和水平方向上实际位置与理想晶格原子位置的偏差所造成.本文用高斯分布来表示这种非均一相互作用能.模拟结果表明:非均一相互作用能对超薄膜的生长过程及薄膜的形貌有显著的影响.这种影响同时受到生长条件的限制,在中等温度时相互作用能的非均一性对岛的个数、平均大小的影响最显著;温度的增加在一定程度上可抵御相互作用能的非均一性对薄膜生长的影响.     

单层正三角锯齿型石墨烯量子点的电子结构和磁性

采用基于密度泛函理论的广义梯度近似(GGA),对不同尺寸(N=2—11)的单层正三角锯齿型石墨烯量子点(Z _{N -GNDs)的结构进行优化,得到与实验数据较好符合的晶格常数,进一步计算得到不同尺寸下体系的自旋多重度、磁矩、电子态密度以及自旋电子密度.结果表明:所有体系都呈现金属性,在尺寸较小的体系中量子尺寸效应对电子结构的影响比较明显;与单层石墨烯片一样,sp²杂化作用和非键态电子在量子点中仍起到非常重要的作用;费米能级上有自旋向上的电子分布,体系的自旋多重度}     

控制Tavis-Cummings模型中两原子X态的纠缠突然死亡与突然产生

研究了初态为X态时Tavis-Cummings模型中具有偶极相互作用两原子的纠缠演化特性,在演化过程中,同时号码出现了两原子的纠缠突然死亡(ESD)与突然产生(ESB)两种有趣的现象.详细分析了两原子初始态的纯度、偶极相互作用、光场粒子数对这两种现象出现时间的影响,进一步给出了初始为混态时ESB与ESD的转换条件.计算结果表明,上述系统参量对两原子的纠缠演化、ESB与ESD有重要的影响,偶极相互作用会改变纠缠度的振荡周期, 使出现ESD的时间间隔减少;随着初始两原子纠缠纯度的增大,纠缠突然产     

Back-calculation and time of hyaline ring formation in the otoliths of the pilchard off South West Africa

The frequency of hyaline and opaque edges, back-calculation, and examination of otoliths bearing a natural tag were used to determine the time of ring formation for the pilchard off South West Africa. The extent of the error in the back-calculation method caused by seasonal variation in the relationship between otolith radius and fish length is assessed. The times at which hyaline rings were laid down between 1970 and 1981 are documented. Formation of hyaline rings is related to sea surface temperature (p < 0,001), prominent rings forming when the temperature is colder than the annual average. Generally, a prominent hyaline ring is formed in September and secondary rings in May and December.     

Response of subsurface waters in the eastern Arabian Sea to tropical cyclones

Thermister chain data at different depths for June 1998 cyclone in the Arabian Sea at a location (69.2 E,15.5 N) which is about 60 km to the left of the cyclone track indicates subsurface warming below 60 m and inertial oscillations of temperature with a periodicity of about 2 days. The oscillations continued for ∼15 days even after the cyclone crossed the coast. The analysis of the buoy, DS1 located at the same position also suggests a stabilized southward flow after about two weeks of the cyclone crossed the coast. Analysis of the buoy data for May 1999 cyclone in the same region also indicates similar pattern. In order to investigate the effect of cyclone–ocean interaction and primarily to understand the process for the subsurface warming, 3-dimensional Princeton Ocean Model is configured for the eastern part of the Arabian Sea. The model uses high horizontal resolution of about 6 km near the coast and a terrain following sigma coordinate in the vertical with 26 levels. The study focuses on surface cooling and temperature rise in the underlying waters and explains its mechanism through upwelling and downwelling respectively. The simulations in concurrence with the observations suggest that the occurrence of subsurface warming precedes the surface cooling with a lag of ˜a day as the cyclone advances DS1. The simulations also demonstrate local temperature stratification plays an important role for cooling of the upper ocean and warming of the subsurface waters and extent of warming is directly related to the depth of the thermocline.     

Exact solution of entanglement of the double Jaynes—Cummings model without rotating wave approximation

This paper investigates the influences of atom--field coupling and dipole--dipole coupling for atoms on the entanglement between two atoms by means of concurrence. The results show that the sudden death occurs when the atom--field coupling is strong enough, and the collapse and the revival appear when the dipole--dipole interaction is strong enough.     

Satellite and ship observations of Kuroshio warm-core ring 93A off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, in spring 1997

Synoptic ship and satellite observations were performed of the Kuroshio warm-core ring (KWCR) 93A and its adjacent waters, off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, between early April and late June 1997. The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophylla (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature in the study area were analyzed using data from ADEOS Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial variability of the spring bloom and understand its relationship with the changes in the hydrographic structure of these waters in and around KWCR 93A. The maximum value of Chl-a concentration in the ring was less than 1 mg/m³ during April. The spring bloom in the ring occurred early in May and the relatively high maximum (>1.0 mg/m³) continued from early in May to mid-June. In late June, a ship-observed surface Chl-a concentration of less than 0.4 mg/m³ suggests that the spring bloom had already declined in and around KWCR 93A. Double spiral structures of warm and cold streamers appeared from late April to mid-May, which may have an influence on the occurrence of the spring bloom in and around the ring. In this episodic event, the warm streamer can maintain the available potential energy of the ring and the strength of upwelling around the ring. The cold streamer provided water with a high Chl-a concentration to the surface layer of the ring. In order to understand the temporal and spatial variability of Chl-a distribution in the ring, the behavior of the warm and cold streamers needs to be taken into consideration.     

A simple boom assembly for the shipboard deployment of air-sea interaction instruments

We have developed a simple boom for use in measuring meteorological variables from a ship. The main structural member of the boom, a triangular communications tower with rollers attached along its bottom side, is deployed horizontally from a long, flat deck, such as a helicopter deck, and will support a 100-kg payload at its outboard end. The boom is easy to deploy, requires minimal ship modifications, and provides ready access to the instruments mounted on it. And because it is designed for use with the ship crosswind, oceanographic work can go on at the same time as the air-sea interaction measurements.We describe our use of the boom on the Mikhail Somov during a cruise into the Antarctic sea ice and present some representative measurements made with instruments mounted on it. Theory, experiment, and our data all imply that instruments deployed windward from a rear helicopter deck can reach air undisturbed by the ship. Such an instrument site has clear advantages over the more customary mast, bow, or buoy locations.     

Two new species of Pseudostomella (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) with scaled triancres from the east coast of Australia

Two new species of Pseudostomella from North Stradbroke Island, Australia, P. klauserae n. sp. and P. megapalpator n. sp., are characterised by scaled triancres, cuticular structures that until now were known only from one other member of the genus. The structure of the scaled triancres in both species is new: the triancre base is diamond‐ or triangular‐shaped with three shafts that arise to form feather‐like scales. P. klauserae n. sp. is characterised by scales arising from a diamond‐shaped triancre base, the distribution of cephalic papillae, and the abundance and distribution of anterior and lateral adhesive tubes. P. megapalpator n. sp. is distinguished by scales arising from a rounded‐triangular triancre base, large dorsal, digitiform papillae, and ventral adhesive tubes. The presence of two new species with scaled triancres allows for the formation of a novel species complex within the genus. An amended key to the species is included.     

Evolution and decay of a warm-core ring within the western subarctic gyre of the North Pacific,as observed by profiling floats

This study investigated temporal variations in the vertical structure and water properties of a warm-core ring that migrated into the western subarctic gyre of the North Pacific, based on analyses of temperature and salinity data derived from two profiling floats, together with shipboard and satellite observation data. The floats were initially deployed into cold and fresh Oyashio water in September 2003, and were entrained into a warm-core ring in October 2003, remaining within the ring until detrainment in December 2004. Drastic cooling and freshening of the upper core water of the ring were observed during the above entrainment of the floats with cold and fresh water into the ring, whereas moderate variations in structure and water properties were observed during a quasi-isolated phase from November 2003 to November 2004 when the ring did not experience major interactions with ambient hydrographic features. The upper part of the core water (upper core), with relatively warm/saline water above 26.6 σ _θ , was under the influence of the atmosphere in winter via the formation of a deep mixed layer exceeding 300 dB, and had a prominent pycnostad below the seasonal pycnocline from spring to autumn. In contrast, the lower core, with relatively cold and fresh water below 26.6 σ _θ , was not ventilated throughout the observation period. Isopycnal surfaces showed a shoaling trend of about 50 dB/year during the quasi-isolated phase, suggesting viscous decay over a timescale of several years. Markedly cold and thick water was also frequently observed within the ring, indicating the intrusion of water from the Sea of Okhotsk.     

红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)耐低温相关微卫星标记的初步筛选

采用微卫星结合混合群体分离分析法技术（SSR-BSA）对红鳍东方鲀群体进行耐低温相关微卫星标记的筛选。首先对300尾红鳍东方鲀幼鱼进行低温处理,分别获得34尾耐低温（S组）和不耐低温个体（D组）。分别在两组中随机挑选15尾提取基因组DNA,构建耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池,然后用148对微卫星引物对其进行扫描。结果发现4个标记（fms45、fms82、fms100和fms182）在耐低温和不耐低温DNA混池中扩增出差异条带。用S组和D组全部个体对4个标记进行单个体验证,结果显示由fms100扩增,携带有116 bp条带的个体在S组和D组的出现频率分别是53%和18%,132 bp条带的出现频率分别是59%（S组）、24%（D组）;由fms182扩增,携带有125 bp的个体在S组和D组出现的频率分别是12%和35%,经卡方检验P值均小于0.05,差异显著。本文关于红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记的报道,为研究红鳍东方鲀耐低温的遗传基础以及相关分子机制提供了依据,也为开展红鳍东方鲀耐低温分子标记辅助选育提供了良好的基础。     

Concurrence evolution of two qubits coupled with one-mode cavity separately

The concurrence evolution of two qubits coupled with one-mode cavity separately is investigated exactly without adopting the rotating-wave approximation. The results show that for the resonant case, the concurrence evolution behaviour of the system is similar to that of the Markovian case when the coupling strength is weak, while the concurrence vanishes in a finite time and might revive fractional initial entanglement before it permanently vanishes when the coupling strength is strong. And for the detuning case, the entanglement could periodically recover after complete disentanglement. These results are quite different from those of system subjected to Jaynes--Cummings model.     

The Beaufort Gyre variation and its impacts on the Canada Basin in 2003–2012

The Beaufort Gyre (BG) was spun up in the last decade which is an important factor in regulating the variation of the upper ocean. The heat content and freshwater content of the upper ocean increased g...     

温度、盐度对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)南北亚种回交幼虫生长和存活的影响

开展了海湾扇贝南北亚种杂交子代同海湾扇贝北方亚种间回交、杂交子二代及北方亚种对照组等群体的基因型和温度、盐度等环境因素之间的互作研究。研究结果表明,杂种F2和回交组别相对纯种组别存在生长优势。温度和盐度均对不同基因型群体的生产和存活产生显著的影响,其中在逆境温度下杂种F2和回交组能够更加适应并表现出更高的生长优势,而在盐度中结果却并非如此,这表明基因型和环境之间的互作机制比较复杂。研究结果为继续在不同海区环境下开展海湾扇贝回交育种提供了积极的理论依据和实践参考。     

Re-identifying Grateloupia yangjiangensis (Rhodophyta, Halymeniaceae) based on morphological observations, life history and rbcL sequence analyses

On the basis of morphological observations, life history and molecular phylogeny, Grateloupia yangjiangensis, which is similar to G. filicina, G. orientalis, G. catenata, and G. ramosissima in appearance, was re-examined. The results are as follows:(1) the auxiliary-cell ampullae of G. yangjiangensis were of Grateloupia type, thalli was fleshy and gelatinous in texture, and the erect axes were compressed; the cortex was 0.25–0.30 mm thick, consisting of five to seven outer layers, and there were five inner layers of triangular or stellate cells;(2) there was no filamentous stage in the development of the carpospores;(3) the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase gene(rbcL) sequence of four G. yangjiangensis examined showed that there was no intergeneric divergence among them, and for the phylogenetic tree, four sequences of G. yangjiangensis formed a single monophyletic subclade within the large Grateloupia clade of Halymeniaceae. In conclusion, G. yangjiangensis was a single species within the genus Grateloupia. This research provided criterion for identification and cultivation of G. yangjiangensis.     

Temporal electronic structure of non-resonant Raman excited virtual state of P-nitroaniline by 514 nm excitation via bond polarisabilities

We have studied the temporal bond polarisabilities of para-nitroaniline from the Raman intensities by the algorithm proposed by Wu et al. in 1987 (Tian B, Wu G, Liu G 1987 J. Chem. Phys. 87 7300). The bond polarisabilities provide much information concerning the electronic structure of the non-resonant Raman excited virtual state. At the initial moment by the 514.5 nm excitation, the tendency of the excited electrons (mapped out by the bond polarisabilities) is to spread to the molecular periphery, and the electronic structure of the Raman virtual state is close to the pseudo-quinonoidic state. When the final stage of relaxation is approached, the bond polarisabilities of those peripheral bonds relax faster than those closer to the molecular core, the phenyl ring. The molecule is in the benzenoidic form as demonstrated by the bond polarisabilities after relaxation.