关于日本主张以“中间线”划分东海的几点思考

日本新任首相安倍晋三于2006年10月8日访华。他就任后第一次出访就到中国,说明很重视与中国和亚洲的外交关系,旨在改变小泉时代留下的政治后遗症——中日关系冷淡,日本亚洲外交危机。安倍访华期间中日发表联合公报,其内容包括坚持东海磋商,加快共同开发步伐,寻求双方都能接受的方案等。安倍访华标志着中日紧张关系开始缓和,但并不等于中日东海问题就此迎刃而解。中日东海问题是长期形成的,错综复杂的,不可能通过一两次首脑访问就能解决根本问题,充其量只能起到遏制势头恶化的作用。以笔者之见,在东海问题上日方仍然掌握着主动权,海上保安厅出动武装舰船和飞机始终控制着我国固有领土——钓鱼岛及其周边海域。至今没有任何迹象表明日本政府要收回授权民间企业在东海试开采的成命,强行试钻的可能性依然存在。中日双方虽然就东海共同开发达成继续进行磋商的一致意见,但从发展趋势分析最终仍有利日方。     

一株印度洋深海食烷茵(Alcanivorax sp.P40)的烷烃羟化酶基因的克隆

以印度洋深层海水,用柴油和石油作为混合碳源经富集培养、分离获得一株具有很强的柴油降解能力的茵株P40.茵株P40革兰氏染色阴性,接触酶和氧化酶为阳性,能还原硝酸盐,不能还原亚硝酸盐.16S rDNA Blastn 结果表明其与 Alcanivorax dieselolei B-5T(柴油食烷茵)及 A.dieselolei NO1A具有最高相似性,均为99.8%.茵株P40的gyrB序列与 A.dieselolei NO1A同源性也高达99.2%.而与A.dieselolei B-5T只有86.9%.此外,从茵株P40中克隆到两个烷烃羟化酶alkB基因片断,分别命名为P40-alkB1和P40-alkB2.其中P40-alkBl与报道的 A.dieselolei B-5T 中的 alkB 同源性较高,达96.3%,而与同为深海来源的茵株NO1A的alkB的同源性更是达100%,P40-alkB2则与A.borkumensis SK2T(泊库岛食烷茵)的alkB1同源性最高,但仅为65%.     

China Ocean Engineering Contents of Volume 28, 2014

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世界海洋日暨全国海洋宣传日 主场活动在大连隆重举行

6月8日,2011年世界海洋日暨全国海洋宣传日主场活动在辽宁省大连市隆重开幕,今年活动的主题是辛亥百年,海洋振兴。全国人大常委会副委员长周铁农出席庆祝大会并宣布2011世界海洋日暨全国海洋宣传日活动开幕。国家     

保障渔民合法权益是深化海洋管理工作面临的重要课题

舟山是我国唯一以群岛设立的地级市,区域总面积2.22万km2,其中海域面积2万hm2余,“港、景、渔”等海洋资源十分丰富,是名副其实的海洋大市。     

GPU-Based DEM Simulations of Global Ice Resistance on Ship Hull During Navigation in Level Ice

The ice resistance on a ship hull affects the safety of the hull structure and the ship maneuvering performance in icecovered regions.In this paper,the discrete element method(DEM)is adopted to simulate the interaction between level ice and ship hull.The level ice is modeled with 3D bonded spherical elements considering the buoyancy and drag force of the water.The parallel bonding approach and the de-bonding criterion are adopted to model the freezing and breakage of level ice.The ship hull is constructed with rigid triangle elements.To improve computational efficiency,the GPU-based parallel computational algorithm was developed for the DEM simulations.During the interaction between the ship hull and level ice,the ice cover is broken into small blocks when the interparticle stress approaches the bonding strength.The global ice resistance on the hull is calculated through the contacts between ice elements and hull elements during the navigation process.The influences of the ice thickness and navigation speed on the dynamic ice force are analyzed considering the breakage mechanism of ice cover.The Lindqvist and Riska formulas for the determination of ice resistance on ship hull are employed to validate the DEM simulation.The comparison of results of DEM,Lindqvist,and Riska formula show that the DEM result is between those the Lindqvist formula and Riska formula.Therefore the proposed DEM is an effective approach to determine the ice resistance on the ship hull.This work can be aided in the hull structure design and the navigation operation in ice-covered fields.     

Experimental Studies on Sloshing Mitigation Using Dual Perforated Floating Plates in A Rectangular Tank

The performance of dual perforated floating plates in a rectangular tank is investigated based on the model tests under different external excitations for different filling rates.It is found that dual perforated floating plates in the tank can remarkably mitigate violent resonant sloshing responses compared with the clean tank,especially when the external excitation frequency is in the vicinity of the first-order resonant frequency.Next,the parametric studies based on different filling rates and external excitation amplitudes are performed for the first-order resonant frequencies.The presence of dual perforated floating plates seldom shifts the sloshing natural frequencies.Further,dual perforated floating plates change the sloshing modes from the standing-wave mode in the clean tank to the Utube mode,which can arise from the sloshing reduction to some extent.     

国务院副总理曾培炎在“国际极地年中国行动”启动仪式上的致词

很高兴前来参加“国际极地年中国行动”启动仪式。国际极地年是全球范围的科学家共同策划、联合开展的大规模极地科学考察     

RS&GIS支持下的长海县建设用地空间变化分析

以长海县1993年和2005年Landsat-TM数据为基础,运用遥感软件ENVI,经噪音剔除、主成分变换、彩色合成、分类处理、差值运算提取出长山列岛新增建设用地,生成新增建设用地矢量数据,结合GIS软件MapInfo,经过投影转换、叠加分析、缓冲区分析、空间信息统计,分析新增建设用地的空间分布及影响机制,结果表明:长海县的建设用地在1993-2005年不同程度地增加,人口及经济发展是建设用地增加的主要促进因子;交通干线对新增加的建设用地具有空间吸引效应;新增建设用地有向港口等基础设施集中的特征;新增建设用地空间分布受到已有产业功能分区的影响.研究表明,RS&GIS支持下,利用TM数据分析海岛建设用地变化具有一定的应用前景.     

Comparison of sedimentary organic carbon loading in the Yap Trench and other marine environments

Knowledge about organic carbon loadings(ratio of sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)content to specific surface area(SSA))and the fate of organic carbon(OC)is critical to understand the marine carbon cycle.We investigated the variations in the patterns of OC loadings and the preservation capacities of sedimentary OC in the Yap Trench and other marine environments.The average OC loading in sediment cores from various marine environments decreases with increasing water depth at a rate of^0.06 mg OC/(m^2·km)(R^2=0.23,P<0.01).Distinct low OC loadings(0.09±0.04 mg OC/m^2)were observed in the Yap Trench,with the lowest values as^0.02 mg OC/m^2.A further comparative analysis indicated that OC/SSA=0.2 mg OC/m^2 is a good indicator to distinguish between oxic deep-sea regions and suboxic energetic deltaic areas.Regression analysis between OC loading and bulk carbon isotope compositions indicates that marine OC(δ13C^-20.4‰to-18.6‰)dominates the lost OC within the Yap Trench and does not differ from that of the abyssal zone.In contrast,terrestrial OC withδ13C values of approximately-27.4‰to-20.5‰was the major source of remineralized OC in the sublittoral zone.The ratios of OC loadings in the bottom layer relative to those in the top layers of sediment cores indicate that the preservation capacities of hadal trenches are much lower than those of other environments,and only approximately 30%of the SOC deposited in hadal trenches is finally buried.The value is equivalent to 0.066%of the primary production-derived OC and much lower than the global ocean average(~0.3%).Overall,the hadal zone exhibits the lowest OC loading and preservation capacity of SOC of the different marine environments investigated,despite the occurrence of a notable funneling effect.     

海洋可再生能源开发利用技术成熟度研究

技术成熟度评价是用数值评价技术确定研发项目符合研发目标程度的一种方法,国外在航天领域、作战飞机和导弹系统研发、国防采办等项目中得到了广泛的应用。文章扼要介绍了技术成熟度概念的形成以及自20世纪90年代以来我国对于技术成熟度的研究和有关部门制定的评价技术成熟度的标准。海洋可再生能源开发利用是一个新兴的领域,面临着巨大的技术风险,而技术成熟度评价作为风险管理的一个重要手段,在海洋可再生能源开发利用项目管理应用中有着广阔的前景。     

筏式波浪能发电装置浮体水动力相互作用与能量俘获研究

基于三维势流理论,建立筏式波浪发电装置多浮体水动力模型。利用AQWA水动力软件研究多浮体水动力相互作用对发电装置浮体单元水动力系数的影响;将能量转换系统等效成刚度-阻尼模型后,对其进行不规则波时域模拟,对比分析方向谱和频率谱波浪模型对波浪发电装置能量吸收的影响。结果表明:浮体之间的水动力相互作用对浮体单元纵荡方向上的附加质量与辐射阻尼系数有明显的影响,对垂荡和纵摇方向上的水动力系数影响较小;不同的波浪模型下,能量俘获功率有着较大的差别,特别是在迎浪状态下。     

波浪能发电装置海上选址的分析研究

海上选址是波浪能发电装置进行现场试验以及电站投产建设的基础工作,是装置正常运行的先决条件。文章基于层次分析法原理,对波浪能发电装置海上选址的影响因素进行分析,将选址问题的定性分析转化为定量计算,通过计算找出最优的选址方案,为波浪能发电装置海上选址提供了科学的决策依据。     

海洋能发电装置的防腐技术概述

防腐蚀是海洋能开发利用过程中急需解决的关键技术之一.文中分析研究了海洋能发电装置的腐蚀因素、腐蚀环境以及存在的腐蚀类型,总结了提高防腐蚀的措施,提出了规范化海洋能发电装置防腐蚀的建议.     

浮筒式波浪能发电装置中轴流式水轮机能量特性研究

当今世界,全球资源严重匮乏,环境日益恶化,波浪能作为一种清洁、可再生海洋能源,有利于贯彻我国可持续发展战略。文中针对南海某海域,根据国家海洋局提供的波浪周期和波高数据,通过计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟,研究不同时期波浪周期和波高的变化对轴流式水轮机效率的影响。计算结果表明,因波浪参数变化,浮筒式波浪能发电装置水头变化范围为11~17 m,优选设计水头为13 m。通过改变水轮机叶片安装角度,优化水轮机效率,并对水轮机转轮及出水流道流动特性进行研究。最终得出:在优选设计水头为13 m时,水轮机在叶片相对安放角为-4°,最高效率达85.67%,水轮机转轮及出水流道流态平直,水轮机工作性能稳定,满足浮筒式波能发电装置工作要求。文中研究工作,为优化浮筒式波能发电平台及提高平台投资回报率奠定理论基础。     

A Representation of Tidal Currents Based on Energy Flux

This article shows that the current associated with a tidal constituent can be represented as the sum of two vectors, one in phase with the surface elevation, the other in quadrature with the elevation. The in-phase component, which accounts for all the mean energy flux, resembles a traveling wave, while the quadrature component has some properties in common with standing waves.     

上海市开发潮汐能、潮流能和风能的前景

上海目前消耗的能源全部来自煤、石油和天然气，环境污染一直困扰着上海。由于大量使用煤炭、石油、天然气等化石能源，带来两大问题：化石物质在燃烧过程中，排放了大量有害有毒物质，严重地污染了环境；地球上这些资源的储存量是有限的，专家们指出，如继续大量使用石油，按现有储量，则五六十年后石油资源将枯竭，已探明可开采的天然气约可维持六七十年，储量丰富的煤，预计也只有三百年左右的开采寿命。１面对能源与环境的双重挑战，研究开发利用清洁和可再生的新能源已在世界发达国家兴起。新能源主要包括太阳能、风能、生物质能、…     

成山头外潮流能初步估算

应用短期潮流调和分析方法,对成山头外一定点连续观测站的潮流数据进行分析,计算了O1,K1,M2,S2,M4,MS4 6个主要分潮潮流调和常数及椭圆要素,分析了成山头外海区潮流的变化特征,通过潮流预报计算了该海域的潮流功率密度。结果表明:基于调和分析的潮流预报流速与实测流速吻合良好;成山头外海域表层、中层、底层的潮流平均功率密度分别为327 W/m2,219 W/m2,115 W/m2,垂向平均的平均功率密度为225 W/m2,该海域的潮流能理论蕴藏量为1.77×107 W。     

A Representation of Tidal Currents Based on Energy Flux

This article shows that the current associated with a tidal constituent can be represented as the sum of two vectors, one in phase with the surface elevation, the other in quadrature with the elevation. The in-phase component, which accounts for all the mean energy flux, resembles a traveling wave, while the quadrature component has some properties in common with standing waves.