赤道中、东太平洋表层流速20d振荡特征分析

通过对1985年1月1日—1986年12月31日沿赤道5个锚定浮标站表层流速资料的分析,发现在140°W与108°W之间表层流速v存在一周期约为20d的显著振荡。该振荡是由波长约2000km、以1.15-1.23m／s的波速向西传播的波动引起的。该波动被推断为第二斜压模态混合Rossby惯性重力波。带通滤波和低通滤波结果表明,以110°W测站为例,20d振荡流速构方根为21.8cm／s（纬向）和22.1cm／s（经向）;单一流速振幅的特征值为30-50cm／s,最大振幅可达70cm／s;u季节变化的均方根小于17cm／s,v无明显季节变化。年平均流速通常小于5cm／s。以上各统计量表明,20d周期波动引起的v振荡在赤道东太平洋表层流速变化中非常显著。     

北太平洋副热带逆流区海流的准90天振荡

根据 POCM模式输出的流场资料 (1993年 1月 1日～ 1998年 12月 31日 ) ,运用小波分析方法分析北太平洋副热带逆流区海流的季节内振荡特征 ,并用功率谱方法作了验证。结果表明 :在以 19.81°N为中心 ,18～ 2 2°N,16 0°E以西的西太平洋海域 ,海流具有显著的准 90 d振荡特征 ;该振荡对应的波长约为 86 5 km,沿 19.81°N该振荡信号自东向西传播的相速度约为 0 .0 9m/ s。从能量角度看 ,该振荡信号主要存在于 15 0 m以内的海洋次表层 ,2 2 2 .5 m深度能量是 6 2 .5 m能量的13%。     

1986—1987年El Ni■o事件前后西太平洋热带海域的上层热力结构

本文采用本所“实验3”号1985—1987年冬季在西太平洋热带海域考察的CTD资料,分析了1986—1987年E1 Ni(?)o事件前后西太平洋热带海域上层热力结构的时、空分布及演变特征。结果表明,该事件发生前的冬季,沿13°N,在124.5°—137°E存在海洋Rcssby波扰动,海洋上层热含量很丰富。该事件初期,沿5°N,在127°—135°E一带,有海洋赤道Kelvin波动。此时南、北赤道流均较弱。事件后期,海洋赤道Kelvin波扰动不明显,但南赤道流较强,且范围向北伸展。1986年10—12月,表征E1 Ni(?)o事件的上层热力结构首先在西太平洋海域出现,然后东传。1987年10—11月,表征非E1 Ni■o事件的上层热力结构率先在西太平洋热带海域西边界恢复。     

热带海气相互作用对大气BSISO年际振荡的影响

利用卫星观测OLR资料以及海气耦合数值模拟试验结果,从每年波-频分析结果提取了各种传播模态的强度指数序列,分析了热带北半球夏季季节内振荡(BSISO)各种传播模态的年际变化谱特征,探讨了热带各海区海气相互作用对其影响。主要结果如下:赤道外西传波和印度洋北传波以准2 a为显著振荡周期,赤道东传波、南海北传波和西太平洋北传波则都包含准2 a和准5 a两种周期,南海北传波是5种指数中惟一以准5 a为最主要周期振荡的模态。热带印度洋、西太平洋、东太平洋各海区海气相互作用对各指数准2 a振荡、准5 a振荡既有加强作用,也有削弱作用。各海区比较而言,对赤道东传波准2 a和准5 a振荡、南海北传波准2 a和准5 a振荡起最大加强作用的是西太平洋海区海气相互作用;对赤道外西传波准2 a振荡、西太平洋北传波准2 a和准5 a振荡起最大加强作用的是印度洋海区海气相互作用。     

热带海气相互作用对大气BSISO年际振荡的影响

利用卫星观测OLR资料以及海气耦合数值模拟试验结果,从每年波-频分析结果提取了各种传播模态的强度指数序列,分析了热带北半球夏季季节内振荡(BSISO)各种传播模态的年际变化谱特征,探讨了热带各海区海气相互作用对其影响。主要结果如下:赤道外西传波和印度洋北传波以准2 a为显著振荡周期,赤道东传波、南海北传波和西太平洋北传波则都包含准2 a和准5 a两种周期,南海北传波是5种指数中惟一以准5 a为最主要周期振荡的模态。热带印度洋、西太平洋、东太平洋各海区海气相互作用对各指数准2 a振荡、准5 a振荡既有加强作用,也有削弱作用。各海区比较而言,对赤道东传波准2 a和准5 a振荡、南海北传波准2 a和准5 a振荡起最大加强作用的是西太平洋海区海气相互作用;对赤道外西传波准2 a振荡、西太平洋北传波准2 a和准5 a振荡起最大加强作用的是印度洋海区海气相互作用。     

热带海洋中非稳定波的不对称现象

热带非稳定波（ＴＩＷｓ）关于赤道的径向不对称是其突出特征之一。本文利用二层半线性海洋模式研究各种不对称背景条件对非稳定波不对称性的影响。结果表明，在大西洋和太平洋上热带非稳定波（ＴＩＷｓ）的不对称性似是由于南赤道流的两个分支和海面温度锋面对于赤道的不对称性，而不是由于北赤道逆流的出现。     

ENSO循环的非对称性及其机制初步探讨

利用SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)资料,以Nino3.4区SSTA(sea surface temperature anomaly)指数为标准,选取典型El Nio和La Nia事件进行合成分析,观察ENSO的非对称性。通过分析ENSO事件发生过程中温跃层深度异常和斜压能量转化率的变化,研究其对ENSO循环非对称性的影响。由于与ENSO相关的海洋异常信号在南、北太平洋的传播主要是以Rossby波的形式,Rossby波可以通过不稳定机制获得能量成长和传播,斜压能量转化率越强,携带ENSO相关海洋异常信号的Rossby波就可能获得更多的能量成长,这种信号传播至赤道区域可以更快地导致ENSO事件的爆发。研究表明,在El Nio事件达到顶峰时,北太平洋ENSO相关的Rossby波传播区斜压不稳定能量很强(可使Rossby波增幅)、温跃层加深(可使Rossby波加速),有利于El Nio相关的暖信号传出,这很好地解释了El Nio事件总是比La Nia事件振幅大以及El Nio事件向La Nia事件转化比La Nia事件向El Nio事件转化快很多的现象。因...     

一个耦合模式下北赤道流分叉的初步研究

利用一个全球海洋-大气耦合模式,对北赤道流分叉的季节、年际变化特征进行了初步研究.模式结果表明北赤道流的分叉纬度,在表层大约是15.2°N,随深度而向北移动,在1000m深度大约为20°N.北赤道流分叉在春、夏季节偏南,而秋、冬季节偏北,可能主要与局地的Ekman抽吸有关.北赤道流分叉的年际变化周期表现有准2年、3～4...     

南海简正模态型季节内振荡的数值模拟

本文基于大洋环流数值模式HYCOM对南海季节内振荡进行模拟,并利用CEOF方法对季节内振荡的物理特性进行了分析。结果表明,季节内振荡起源于南海东边界并以5.87cm·s-1向西传播,在南海海盆内存在3个完整波型,波长为360km,周期为71d。季节内振荡引起的流速振幅在表层最大,随着深度的增加迅速减小。Rossby波理论的分析结果表明,该振荡是南海海盆内的简正模态,属于Rossby波的第一斜压模态。     

赤道海洋Kelvin波对外强迫风场的响应

采用无界理想海洋线性扰动模型,对赤道海洋Kelvin波在纬向风场异常强迫下的响应即强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波的异常做了解析求解,主要结果如下:该强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波的频率、波长和波速都与外强迫风场的相同,在赤道纬向流振幅最大并随纬度增加衰减,该风场越强,该强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波也越强,两者呈正比关系。当该风场频率和范围确定后,则该强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波被限制在一定平均水深范围内;该风场的频率越高、纬向波长越长、随纬度增加衰减越小,则该水深就越大。在所取参数下,该风场异常与该强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波流场异常的位相基本相同。在西风强迫下有东向流,反之亦然;强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波的流场与位势场则完全同位相,东向流对应于正位势,反之亦然,这也是经典Kelvin波的配置。该强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波与经典Kelvin波的不同在于:前者是频散的强迫波动,并被限制在一定水深中;后者是自由波动。将该强迫Kelvin波的解析解与热带印度洋和太平洋的实况以及诊断进行对比后知,两者总体看来一致,实际热带大洋中该强迫赤道海洋Kelvin波应确实存在。     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.