流动保障中管道的颗粒侵蚀分析

颗粒侵蚀是管道流动保障研究中的一个主要问题,是导致管壁变薄、管道破裂的重要原因,直接关乎油藏能否安全地输送到采油终端。阐述了影响管道颗粒侵蚀的诸多因素,指出API规范中存在的不足,对现有的颗粒侵蚀模型进行了综合评价,提出了一种解决颗粒侵蚀问题的数值方法。通过计算相关文献中实验工况的颗粒侵蚀结果,比较分析了经验模型和CFX软件在分析管道颗粒侵蚀问题中的优缺点和适用性。分析结果认为,Tulsa模型具有较高的计算精度与较广的适用范围,CFX软件可以比较准确地计算气雾流管道内的颗粒侵蚀结果。     

我国淤泥质海岸侵蚀研究现状与展望

系统总结了20世纪80年代以来我国淤泥质海岸侵蚀研究的新进展,着重对现代黄河三角洲、长江三角洲与杭州湾北岸以及苏北废黄河三角洲的侵蚀状况、机理、模式模型、灾害评价及防护对策等进行了综述,展望了今后我国淤泥质海岸侵蚀研究的主要内容,即加强对非周期性事件的野外现场观测及作用评估,加强侵蚀因素的定量研究,提高岸线判别精度,完善并推广数值计算模式模型,加强侵蚀灾害的综合评价等。     

海滩侵蚀的数值分析模型

介绍了有关海滩侵蚀造成海岸演变问题的数学分析模型。根据海岸线演化和海滩断面的沉积物迁移理论建立一种顺岸方向和垂直岸线方向海岸形状变化的耦合模型。将海滩沉积物被海浪迁移的机理看作由于海水在海滩介质孔隙内渗流侵蚀和海浪对海滩介质冲刷所致的海滩介质的孔隙损伤变化。这种结合数值和解析分析的综合方法可用于模拟海岸演变问题中海岸线 (沿岸方向 )和海滩断面 (垂直海岸线方向 )的变迁情况     

基于动力条件改变的笔架山连岛坝侵蚀原因分析

利用MIKE21软件的波浪谱模型及潮流模型对辽宁锦州大笔架山岛连岛坝海域的波浪、潮流等水动力条件进行了数值计算,并对锦州港建设前后的动力条件变化进行了分析.结果表明：锦州港的建设完全阻断了偏西向波浪对连岛坝的塑造作用,坝体的侵蚀确系单侧（偏东向）波浪作用的结果,坝体局部侵蚀严重区域形成四处明显的潮沟,潮沟处流速增大,加剧了对坝体的侵蚀.     

北戴河海滩养护侵蚀热点

“侵蚀热点”的存在会对整个海岸资源造成严重的损失,尤其是对海滩养护工程效果造成不良影响,是海滩养护研究的重点.以北戴河西海滩海滩养护工程为例,结合工程后定期的剖面监测数据,确定了养护工程后西海滩“侵蚀热点”的位置,通过数值模拟和物理模型试验对于侵蚀热点的成因进行了分析研究,以期能够对以后的海滩养护工程提供参考.     

山东荣成靖海卫海滩侵蚀研究与防护建议

靖海卫海滩近年来侵蚀作用明显,岸线后退加剧,对沿岸居民生活和安全造成危害。通过多次实地剖面监测、探槽分析、粒度分析等方法,辅以GENESIS模型模拟和多年遥感图像比对验证,分析该区域不同时期、不同速率侵蚀的特殊因素,得出研究区长期以来因人类活动和自然因素而遭受侵蚀,2005年以来因人类活动加剧导致侵蚀速率成倍增长,海岸严重蚀退,海滩逐步消亡。通过海滩演化过程的数值模拟和侵蚀速率分析,预测在人类活动影响下海滩的演变趋势,并结合分析结果提出平衡剖面控制下的海滩自然防护体系与"四大禁区"概念,提出了砂质海岸防护和提高近岸工程布设合理性的建议。     

江苏省海岸侵蚀现状遥感监测与防治对策

文章利用卫星遥感解译、潮汐数值模拟、GIS空间拓扑分析等技术手段,对水边线进行水位订正,推算出2019年度江苏沿海的遥感海岸线,对江苏省海岸侵蚀现状进行了遥感监测与评估。研究结果表明:2019年江苏省共有侵蚀岸线长58.55 km,占全省大陆海岸线的7.39%。废黄河三角洲侵蚀型海岸的侵蚀岸段平均年侵蚀后退 59.24 m,主要表现为盐养围堤的冲刷水毁;辐射沙洲北翼淤长型海岸的侵蚀岸段年平均侵蚀后退152.28 m,表现为潮间带上部坡度变缓,海岸线持续内移。全省海岸带侵蚀总面积为 7.244 8 hm2,强侵蚀岸段主要分布在南八滩闸北侧,新洋河口两侧以及斗龙港南侧区域。文章同时结合江苏海域动态监管工作经验,提出了5点海岸侵蚀灾害防治对策:①加强天-空-地一体化多手段联合监测,精确监控海岸侵蚀灾害发生范围与程度,了解海岸侵蚀强度与等级;②联合多平台海洋观测,深入开展致灾因素分析,了解海岸侵蚀灾害的发展与变化趋势,逐步完善灾害预警机制;③根据不同的海岸类型与海岸侵蚀特征,有效开展多策略的海岸防护整治,减少海岸侵蚀灾害损失;④加快海岸带保护修复,明确海岸带开发活动的适宜空间与适宜程度,优化海岸带空间布局;⑤强化海岸责任管理,明确监管职责。     

粘性类土侵蚀强度量化研究

海洋动力作用下,粘性土内部粘结力与重力的联合作用使其冲刷侵蚀特性较为复杂。从侵蚀原理出发,利用粘结力仪进行侵蚀试验,探讨了粘性土临界侵蚀剪应力τ_c与土体物理力学性质之间的相关性,并提出中值粒径、粘粒含量、密度及抗剪强度与τ_c之间的计算关系式。同时通过侵蚀公式计算结果与试验结果比较,验证了试验结果的准确性。     

上海基岩海岛浮山岛的侵蚀现状及保护修复

基于基岩海岛侵蚀研究,利用基岩海岸演变模型,界定浮山岛的海蚀岸类型,估算浮山岛基岩海岸侵蚀后退速率,并结合实地登岛调查分析,提出了浮山岛保护修复方案。建议采用生物屏障的手段达到消浪作用,减少海岸侵蚀,恢复当地生态系统;同时采用生态和工程结合的方式在浮山岛和浮山东岛两岛之间创造潮间带沼泽地,并栽种草本植物来稳定沼泽地,以缓减断裂谷继续发育。     

玻纤增强柔性管等效简化模型研究

玻纤增强柔性管作为一种新型海底油气输送管道,具有比强度高、柔度大和抗腐蚀性强等特点,因此在深海油气开发中具有非常广阔的应用前景。玻纤增强柔性管主要由内衬层、增强层和外保护层组成,其中增强层的等效模拟是玻纤增强柔性管设计成功与否的关键。根据玻纤增强柔性管的结构特征和材料特性,选取了四种不同的等效简化模型,对比研究了玻纤增强柔性管在轴向拉压荷载、弯曲荷载以及内压荷载作用下的力学性能。将不同简化模型的计算结果与相应的试验数据进行对比,进行等效模型的优选。研究结果表明,在内压载荷和弯曲载荷作用下,基于Halpin-Tsai模型数值结果与试验结果最为接近。在轴向载荷作用下,采用分离式模型或回形模型计算精度更高,若材料达到屈服状态时,则建议采用分离式模型进行模拟。     

Euler-Euler two-phase flow simulation of tunnel erosion beneath marine pipelines

In this study an Euler-Euler two-phase model was developed to investigate the tunnel erosion beneath a submarine pipeline exposed to unidirectional flow. Both of the fluid and sediment phases were described via the Navier-Stokes equations, i.e. the model was implemented using time-averaged continuity and momentum equations for the fluid and sediment phases and a modified k−ε turbulence closure for the fluid phase. The fluid and sediment phases were coupled by considering the drag and lift interaction forces. The model was employed to simulate the tunnel erosion around the pipeline laid on an erodible bed. Comparison between the numerical result and experimental measurement confirms that the numerical model successfully predicts the bed profile and velocity field during the tunnel erosion. It is evident that the sediments are transported as the sheet-flow mode in the tunnel erosion stage. Also the transport rate under the pipe increases rapidly at the early stage and then reduces gradually at the end of the tunnel erosion beneath pipelines.     

Numerical modelling of erosion and accretion of plane sloping beaches at different scales

The paper focuses on the numerical simulation of erosion of plane sloping beaches by irregular wave attack in three wave flumes of different scales. One of the prime objectives of the tests was to provide a consistent data set for the improvement of numerical beach profile models. A practical application of this research with wave attack on plane sloping beaches is the erosion of the plane beaches after nourishment. Three models (CROSMOR, UNIBEST-TC and DELFT3D) have been used to simulate the flume experimental results focusing on the wave height distribution and the morphological development (erosion and deposition) along the beach profiles. Overall, the model predictions for wave heights show consistent results. Generally, the computed wave heights (H_rms and H_1/3) are within 10% to 15% of the measured values for all tests (under-prediction of the largest wave heights close to the shore). The three models can simulate the beach erosion of the wave flume tests (erosive tests) reasonably well using default values of the sand transport parameters. The model performance for the accretive tests is less good than that for the erosive tests. A practical field application of this research is the erosion of nourished beaches, as these beaches generally have rather plane beach slopes immediately after nourishment. Various graphs are given to estimate the beach erosion of nourished beaches.     

Design pressure distributions on the hull of the FLOW wave energy converter

This paper presents a procedure to calculate the design pressure distributions on the hull of a wave energy converter (WEC). Design pressures are the maximum pressure values that the device is expected to experience during its operational life time. The procedure is applied to the prototype under development by Martifer Energy (FLOW—Future Life in Ocean Waves).A boundary integral method is used to solve the hydrodynamic problem. The hydrodynamic pressures are combined with the hydrostatic ones and the internal pressures of the large ballast tanks. The first step consists of validating the numerical results of motions by comparison with measured experimental data obtained with a scaled model of the WEC. The numerical model is tuned by adjusting the damping of the device rotational motions and the equivalent damping and stiffness of the power take-off system. The pressure distributions are calculated for all irregular sea states representative of the Portuguese Pilot Zone where the prototype will be installed and a long term distribution method is used to calculate the expected maximum pressures on the hull corresponding to the 100-year return period.     

Investigation of Scouring Mechanism Around A Circular Pier

In the present study,the flow field around a circular pier is investigated with experimental measurements and numerical simulations.The transient flow patterns during erosion are studied in detail.The results show that the traditional equations of particle motion are not perfect for the calculation of the sand motion under this complex flow situation.The scouring agents,such as turbulent intensity,the fluctuating pressure and the vertical pressure gradient,having many effects on the sand motion with the increasing scouring depth,need to be considered in modifying the traditional model.     

贴体正交曲线坐标系下水流泥沙数学模型的构建与应用

为了研究深圳河河口福田保税区围垦填土占用部分河道对深圳河治理工程防洪能力和河床冲淤变化的影响情况，建立了贴体正交曲线坐标系下的平面二维的深圳河河道-河口-海湾整体水域的水流泥沙数学模型，模型中采用双步全隐有限差分法离散求解水流运动方程，悬沙不平衡输运方程采用三阶QUIKEST格式离散后用交错方向法求解。在经实测水文资料验证的基础上，应用数学模型计算了8种洪峰流量和河口高潮位组合4种围垦填土的挖除方案下深圳河沿程水位和河床冲淤变化，讨论了深圳河治理工程防洪能力降低的程度和近河口段洲滩冲刷以及所造成香港一侧红树林的破坏情况，提出了优化挖除方案。     

基于桁架模型和多孔介质模型的柔性网衣和周围流场单向耦合方法研究

柔性网衣作为渔业养殖的重要组成部分,其水动力的计算分析对网箱的安全使用至关重要。基于桁架模型和多孔介质模型对柔性网衣和流场单向耦合计算的数值模拟方法进行了研究。通过code_aster软件基于桁架模型计算出网衣变形后节点坐标和网衣受力,然后将节点坐标导入OpenFOAM识别出网衣变形后的多孔介质区域,并基于多孔介质模型模拟水流作用下网衣周围的流场和计算网衣的受力。为了验证模型的正确性,将不同工况对圆形网衣的数值模拟结果与物理试验数据进行比较,包括code_aster中计算的网衣变形形状、OpenFOAM模拟的网衣周围流场以及在code_aster和OpenFOAM中计算的网衣受力。计算结果表明,圆形网衣在单纯来流下变形明显,与试验结果保持一致,证明了网衣变形和水动力单向耦合方法的准确性。     

Two-dimensional time dependent hurricane overwash and erosion modeling at Santa Rosa Island

A 2DH numerical, model which is capable of computing nearshore circulation and morphodynamics, including dune erosion, breaching and overwash, is used to simulate overwash caused by Hurricane Ivan (2004) on a barrier island. The model is forced using parametric wave and surge time series based on field data and large-scale numerical model results. The model predicted beach face and dune erosion reasonably well as well as the development of washover fans. Furthermore, the model demonstrated considerable quantitative skill (upwards of 66% of variance explained, maximum bias − 0.21 m) in hindcasting the post-storm shape and elevation of the subaerial barrier island when a sheet flow sediment transport limiter was applied. The prediction skill ranged between 0.66 and 0.77 in a series of sensitivity tests in which several hydraulic forcing parameters were varied. The sensitivity studies showed that the variations in the incident wave height and wave period affected the entire simulated island morphology while variations in the surge level gradient between the ocean and back barrier bay affected the amount of deposition on the back barrier and in the back barrier bay. The model sensitivity to the sheet flow sediment transport limiter, which served as a proxy for unknown factors controlling the resistance to erosion, was significantly greater than the sensitivity to the hydraulic forcing parameters. If no limiter was applied the simulated morphological response of the barrier island was an order of magnitude greater than the measured morphological response.     

港口内靠码头系泊船运动的计算

本文以英国南海岸处Ｓｈｏｒｅｈａｍ港内系泊船为例，研究了港口内靠码头系泊船运动的数值计算问题。该船的实船实验和模型实验已经完成，为验证本文计算结果提供了依据。运动方程在时域内求解。在计算船体脉冲响应函数时，引入了船体阻尼系数在频率很低时的渐近表达式和一迭代算法。分析了港内共振波浪和其对船体的作用力。讨论了靠码头系泊船运动的非线性特征。计算结果与实验结果符合很好。     

基于潮间带现场数据的底部切应力算法对比

底部切应力作为水动力和泥沙输移模型中的关键参数,对底床泥沙起动、侵蚀淤积速率的研究十分重要.目前基于现场实测流速数据计算底部切应力的理论方法有6种:LP-mean法、LP-max法、TKE法、TKE W法、RS法和ID法,这些方法都有其特定的适用条件.河口海岸浅水区域水流和波浪作用复杂,遴选合适的方法计算底部切应力非常...     

Domain decomposition and matching for time-domain analysis of motions of ships advancing in head sea

A domain decomposition and matching method in the time-domain is outlined for simulating the motions of ships advancing in waves. The flow field is decomposed into inner and outer domains by an imaginary control surface, and the Rankine source method is applied to the inner domain while the transient Green function method is used in the outer domain. Two initial boundary value problems are matched on the control surface. The corresponding numerical codes are developed, and the added masses, wave exciting forces and ship motions advancing in head sea for Series 60 ship and S175 containership, are presented and verified. A good agreement has been obtained when the numerical results are compared with the experimental data and other references. It shows that the present method is more efficient because of the panel discretization only in the inner domain during the numerical calculation, and good numerical stability is proved to avoid divergence problem regarding ships with flare.