特种监测网解算中IGS站选取的探讨

利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理2011年特种监测网的观测数据,将IGS站的选取分10种方案进行试验,计算结果从基线长度变化、测站坐标、NRMS、基线重复率等方面进行了比较。得出利用GAMIT/GLOBK软件处理该特种监测网时的几点建议:建议选取IGS站为GPS网提供参考框架;IGS站选取的数量不一定最多,但空间上应尽量均匀分布;选取7个IGS站时得到较高精度的结果。在日后处理此类型的特种监测网时对IGS站选取具有一定的参考价值。     

基于Track分析日本3·11地震对周围IGS站的影响

2011年3月11日日本宫城县(38.322°N,142.369°E)发生Ms9.0级地震,利用日本本岛及周围IGS站的观测数据,采用GPS静态定位、动态差分定位两种方法进行数据处理,计算出了若干站点地震前后的位移量。地壳变形分析结果表明:地震对周围IGS站的位移有不同程度的影响,最大可达到2.46m,所有观测站都向东方向运动,并且计算得出GPS速度场;通过选择较稳定的IGS站作为参考站,计算了2个观测站的动态变形,同时得到了地震波的传播速度。     

基于Track分析日本3·11地震对周围IGS站的影响

2011年3月11日日本宫城县(38.322°N,142.369°E)发生Ms9.0级地震,利用日本本岛及周围IGS站的观测数据,采用GPS静态定位、动态差分定位两种方法进行数据处理,计算出了若干站点地震前后的位移量。地壳变形分析结果表明:地震对周围IGS站的位移有不同程度的影响,最大可达到2.46m,所有观测站都向东方向运动,并且计算得出GPS速度场;通过选择较稳定的IGS站作为参考站,计算了2个观测站的动态变形,同时得到了地震波的传播速度。     

GLOBK软件中测站坐标先验约束设置探讨

GLOBK软件采用卡尔曼滤波算法对基线解进行网平差,计算之前要对参考站的先验坐标施加适当的约束。使用我国大陆地区8个IGS站的相关数据,讨论了参考站先验坐标施加不同约束时对未知站坐标的影响,并对ITRF2008中各站坐标和速率的相互融洽度进行了分析,结果表明X、Y、Z三方向均约束在0.003～0.010m之间,解算质量较好。GLOBK在定义参考框架时能够自动剔除质量不好的参考站,平差时可以适当多选IGS站作为参考站。     

海洋测绘中精密单点定位精度适用性分析

目前IGS共提供6类精度和时效性不同的精密星历产品,为了验证不同精度和时效性的IGS精密星历产品在海洋测绘中的适用情况,使用6类不同的IGS精密星历产品,分别对固定点观测数据和海上浮动点观测数据进行精密单点定位解算,并对解算结果分别进行比对分析和统计。固定点比对结果表明,IGS和IGR精密星历精密单点定位解算在平面位置方向均能达到平均8厘米的外符合精度,IGU00至IGU18精密单点定位解算精度稍差,平面外符合精度在10～13cm,且精度随着发布时间的推迟而提高;PPP潮位的解算结果表明,从IGS至IGU18,高程方向的解算精度相当,和固定潮位站的数据相比,均方根差在16～18cm。     

GPS监测站伪距观测量评定广播星历精度的研究

论述了GPS监测站伪距观测量评定广播星历精度的基本方法。同时,分析并计算得出:利用GPS监测站载波相位观测量平滑伪距能明显提高伪距观测量评定广播星历的精度。采用2004年7月19日拉萨站伪距观测量对IGS提供的广播星历的精度进行了评定,实验结果表明,广播星历提供的卫星轨道精度从总体上达到3m左右。     

基于参考站改正信息的PPP实时水汽反演方法

常规精密单点定位实时反演水汽,存在精度低或稳定性差等问题,因此提出了一种基于参考站改正信息的PPP实时水汽反演方法。首先利用参考站的天顶对流层延迟解算观测值改正信息,然后对流动站共视卫星的观测值进行误差改正,利用IGU预报星历和钟差产品,采用PPP算法进行实时水汽反演。以中国香港HKSC为流动站,分别选取中国台湾TWTF和中国香港HKWS作为参考站,开展参考站辅助的PPP实时水汽反演试验。结果表明,分别以无线电探空数据和ECMWF数据为参考,本方法4个时段的平均标准差分别为1.9 mm和2.9 mm;相比基于IGU的常规PPP实时水汽反演方法,精度分别提升60%和51%。本方法参考站的选择不受距离限制,精度与使用IGS事后精密星历的PPP水汽反演基本一致,相比常规PPP和相对定位方式的实时水汽反演具有明显优势。     

青岛沿海风能资源的初步分析

本文根据山东半岛沿海六个站完整的5年风速自记资料进行了计算,初步得出青岛沿海地区有效风能的分布情况以及风能随地形、海陆和时效变化的特点,同时对风能资源的开发利用也作出了评价。     

星历精度对GPS单点定位的影响

探讨了GPS单点定位技术的原理、方法及数据处理中的一些关键技术,分析了广播星历和IGS提供的精密星历(IGR、IGU和IGF)对单点定位精度的影响,通过实验数据分析,得出在准实时的高精度解算中,可以利用快速星历代替最终星历进行解算。     

基于RTS的海上实时精密单点定位精度分析

组织实施了连续一周的渤海湾船载动态GPS定位试验,对BNC软件客户端接收的IGS实时数据流4种综合产品(IGC01、IGS01、IGS02和IGS03)的数据可用性和精度进行了验证;对基于RTS改正的船载实时精密单点定位的精度进行了分析。结果表明,4种RTS产品的数据可用率均在90%以上,其中IGS01的数据可用率最高为97.68%;以IGS最终精密星历和钟差产品为参考,4种RTS轨道产品在X、Y、Z方向的精度(RMS)均优于4cm,钟差产品的精度(STD)优于0.2ns;以采用IGS最终精密星历和钟差产品的事后PPP结果为参考,基于RTS的船载RTPPP的水平方向精度优于7cm,高程方向精度为12cm,三维位置精度约为15cm。     

Performance of Real-Time Precise Point Positioning

The IGS Real-time Pilot Project (IGS-RTPP) provides real-time precise orbits and clocks, which support real-time positioning for single stations over large areas using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. This paper investigates the impact of real-time orbits, network configuration, and analysis strategies on real-time PPP implementation and demonstrates the real-time PPP performance. One month of data from the IGS network is analyzed in a real-time simulation mode. Results reveal the following: (1) In clock estimation, differential approaches are much more efficient than the zero-differenced approach. (2) The precision of IGS Ultra rapid (IGU) orbits could meet the IGS-RTPP requirement for precise clock estimation and PPP positioning. (3) Considering efficiency and precision, a network with 50 stations is recommended for the IGS-RTPP. It is demonstrated that the real-time satellite clock precision is 0.1 ns supporting hourly static PPP with a mean precision of 2–3 cm in the North component and 3–4 cm in the other components. Kinematic PPP assessed with onboard GPS data collected from a buoy provided mean coordinate precision of 2.2, 4.2, 6.1 cm in the North, East and Up directions, compared to the RTK solutions.     

GNSS浮标高程测量精度的影响因素研究

针对高度计定标检验的需求,研制了GNSS浮标,并在天津市于桥水库和威海市石岛镇分别进行了浮标性能测试。通过对影响浮标数据处理精度的因素进行研究,为GNSS浮标数据处理方法建立了完整的技术流程,使其满足高度计定标检验的需求。结果表明:GNSS浮标可以满足高度计定标检验的需求;但需特定的数据处理方法。(1)在基准站数据处理中,卫星截止高度角选择为5°~15°,数据采集时间不少于24 h;(2)浮标数据处理模式选择为自动模式,并对其进行移动平均滤波或中值滤波处理后,流动站解算结果最优;(3)GNSS浮标的水面高程测量精度优于1 cm;(4)受到GNSS本身的限制,当浮标距离GNSS基准站越远,浮标数据的解算精度越低。     

IGS快速精密星历与事后精密星历的定位精度分析

针对是否能用IGS快速精密星历代替最终精密星历进行定位的问题,论文通过静态、动态两类实验,从内符合、外符合精度两个方面详细比较了两种星历产品的定位效果。实验结果表明:IGS快速精密星历的定位精度与事后精密星历的定位精度都非常高,且两种产品对应定位结果差异为毫米级,因此可采用快速精密星历代替事后精密星历进行定位解算,而不必担心精度损失。     

基于实测速度的中国大陆地壳运动速度场的应用

采用十几年全国范围的中国大陆构造环境监测网络基准站、区域站等高精度GPS实测数据,获得点位实测速度,运用克里金插值法等技术手段,建立了全国1°×1°高精度速度场模型,精度达到东向±1.12mm/a,北向±1.10mm/a,高程方向±0.05mm/a。     

Leveling the Sea Surface Using a GPS-Catamaran

In the framework of the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 CNES-NASA missions, two probative experiments have been conducted at the Corsica absolute calibration site in order to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 ground track (No. 85). An improved determination of the geoid slope was needed to better extrapolate the offshore (open-ocean) altimetric data to on-shore tide-gauge locations. This in turn improves the overall precision of the calibration process. The first experiment, in 1998, used GPS buoys. Because the time required to cover the extended area with GPS buoys was thought to be prohibitive, we decided to build a catamaran with two GPS systems onboard. Tracked by a boat at a constant speed, this innovative system permitted us to cover an area of about 20 km long and 5.4 km wide centered on the satellites' ground track. Results from an experiment in 1999 show very good consistency between GPS receivers: filtered sea-surface height differences have a mean bias of -0.2 cm and a standard deviation of 1.2 cm. No systematic error or distortions have been observed and crossover differences have a mean value of 0.2 cm with a standard deviation of 2.7 cm. Comparisons with tide gauges data show a bias of 1.9 cm with a standard deviation of less than 0.5 cm. However, this bias, attributable in large part to the effect of the catamaran speed on the waterline, does not affect the geoid slope determination which is used in the altimeter calibration process. The GPS-deduced geoid slope was then incorporated in the altimeter calibration process, yielding a significant improvement (from 4.9 to 3.3 cm RMS) in the agreement of altimeter bias determinations from repeated overflight measurements.     

Leveling the Sea Surface Using a GPS-Catamaran Special Issue: Jason-1 Calibration/Validation

In the framework of the TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 CNES-NASA missions, two probative experiments have been conducted at the Corsica absolute calibration site in order to determine the local marine geoid slope under the ascending TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1 ground track (No. 85). An improved determination of the geoid slope was needed to better extrapolate the offshore (open-ocean) altimetric data to on-shore tide-gauge locations. This in turn improves the overall precision of the calibration process. The first experiment, in 1998, used GPS buoys. Because the time required to cover the extended area with GPS buoys was thought to be prohibitive, we decided to build a catamaran with two GPS systems onboard. Tracked by a boat at a constant speed, this innovative system permitted us to cover an area of about 20 km long and 5.4 km wide centered on the satellites' ground track. Results from an experiment in 1999 show very good consistency between GPS receivers: filtered sea-surface height differences have a mean bias of ?0.2 cm and a standard deviation of 1.2 cm. No systematic error or distortions have been observed and crossover differences have a mean value of 0.2 cm with a standard deviation of 2.7 cm. Comparisons with tide gauges data show a bias of 1.9 cm with a standard deviation of less than 0.5 cm. However, this bias, attributable in large part to the effect of the catamaran speed on the waterline, does not affect the geoid slope determination which is used in the altimeter calibration process. The GPS-deduced geoid slope was then incorporated in the altimeter calibration process, yielding a significant improvement (from 4.9 to 3.3 cm RMS) in the agreement of altimeter bias determinations from repeated overflight measurements.     

基于最小二乘和卡尔曼滤波方法进行原子时预报的研究

介绍和分析了最小二乘和卡尔曼滤波方法在时间预报中的应用。通过IGS站提供的钟差数据，分别运用这两种方法对其中六个原子钟进行了时间预报的实验。通过对预报结果进行分析，结论证明为了取得较好的预报效果，不同的预报方法和钟参数的模型对于观测数据的要求有一些差别。从实验数据所成图形来看，当采用一天的观测数据进行模型预报时，最小二乘法的预报精度比卡尔曼滤波法稍高一些。