响应面法优化鹿角菜中岩藻多糖的提取工艺

在单因素试验的基础上,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合实验设计,采用响应面法对鹿角菜(Pelvetia siliquosa)中岩藻多糖的提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,液料比、水浴温度和水浴时间对岩藻多糖提取率均有显著影响;最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比(m L/g)32、水浴温度90℃、水浴时间8.4 h,此时岩藻多糖最高提取率为5.2005%,与理论值5.2153%相比,相对误差很小。响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好,采用响应面法对鹿角菜中岩藻多糖提取条件进行优化合理可行。     

PEF结合酶法提取方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)多糖工艺条件

为了优化提取方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)多糖工艺实验条件,采用PEF酶法提取方格星虫多糖,依据料液比、浸提温度、酶底比、PEF电场强度、浸提时间、脉冲数对多糖提取率的影响,以响应曲面法优化方格星虫多糖提取的最优工艺条件,通过紫外可见分光光度计测定多糖吸光度进而计算提取率。结果表明:各因素对方格星虫多糖提取率的影响程度为:料液比电场强度提取温度提取时间;最优工艺条件为:料液比(g/mL) 1︰7,浸提温度50℃,酶底比为2.5%,电场强度30 kV/cm,脉冲数为12,浸提时间2 h;多糖最大提取率为6.45%。     

南海中部深海海山汁蛇尾属(Ophiurothamnus)二新记录种(蛇尾纲,棘蛇尾科)

通过对2018年4—5月在南海中部黄岩海山采集的蛇尾样品进行形态学分类研究,鉴定发现棘蛇尾科Ophiacanthidae汁蛇尾属Ophiurothamnus两个新记录种:(1)双环汁蛇尾Ophiurothamnus discycla (H. L. Clark, 1911);(2)短简汁蛇尾Ophiurothamnus clausa (Lyman, 1878)。本文分别对这两个新记录种的外部形态特征和内部骨骼进行了描述,并与相似种进行了分类学讨论。     

鼠尾藻中岩藻黄素的提取工艺研究

以鼠尾藻为原料,采用有机溶剂法提取岩藻黄素。通过单因素实验,分析了不同有机溶剂、料液比、温度及时间对岩藻黄素提取率的影响,并通过响应面法对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,最佳的提取工艺为90%甲醇溶液,料液比1︰33,提取温度60℃,提取时间3.25 h,提取率达到1.368 mg/g。     

化瘀骨合片提取工艺的优化研究

目的：优化化瘀骨合片的提取工艺条件。方法：以牡荆苷含量、芍药苷含量和固形物质量为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上设计正交试验,考察料液比、提取时间、提取次数对提取工艺的影响,优化提取工艺条件。结果：最佳工艺条件为全方药材加水提取3次,每次加12倍量水提取2h,该条件下牡荆苷的提取率为89.81%,芍药苷的提取率为86.08%。结论：优选的提取工艺稳定,指标成分的提取率高,工艺合理可行。     

枸杞多糖的精制工艺优选

目的：优化枸杞多糖(LBP)的精制工艺,为LBP的开发提供参考。方法：以多糖提取率为指标,采用正交试验考察提取次数、提取时间、料液比对多糖提取工艺的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,以糖损失率为指标,利用正交试验优化活性炭除色素工艺,以蛋白清除率和糖损失率的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优化酶-sevag法脱蛋白工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为提取次数2次、提取时间30 min、料液比1∶10。最佳除色素工艺为活性炭用量1.0%、温度100℃、时间20 min;糖损失率为28.6%。最佳除蛋白工艺为酶用量1.5%、温度50℃、时间60 min;蛋白质清除率为28.2%,糖损失率为10.9%。结论：优选的LBP精制工艺稳定可行,适用于LBP产品开发。     

微波-复合酶辅助提取海带多糖工艺优化及其抗氧化性能分析

以海带多糖提取率为评价指标,优化了微波 复合酶辅助提取海带加工下脚料中多糖的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,海带废弃物原料为2.00 g时,微波辅助提取阶段的最佳工艺条件为：微波功率400 W、温度60 ℃、时间12 min、pH6.5和液料比60.00 mL/g,此工艺条件下海带多糖的提取率为106.49 g/kg;复合酶辅助提取阶段的最佳工艺条件为：酶解温度55 ℃、pH6.0、时间105 min、液料比40.00 mL/g、纤维素酶添加量4.00×10³U、木瓜蛋白酶添加量4.00×10³U、果胶酶添加量2.40×10³U,在此工艺条件下海带多糖的提取率为115.16 g/kg。在上述微波 复合酶辅助提取最佳工艺条件下,海带多糖的提取率可达 (208.93±0.18) g/kg。抗氧化试验测定结果表明,海带多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性,且清除羟自由基(·OH)的能力较强。     

北极地区萨氏真蛇尾(Ophiura sarsii)群体遗传多样性研究

为了解萨氏真蛇尾(Ophiura sarsii)群体遗传特性,本研究采用线粒体控制区(CR)、NADH脱氢酶亚基2(nad2)和NADH脱氢酶亚基6(nad6)三个标记对白令海、楚科奇海、巴伦支海萨氏真蛇尾进行群体遗传多样性、系统发育以及群体遗传结构分析。结果显示,CR、nad2和nad6三个分子标记经扩增后分别获得322、598 bp和449 bp的序列,并在59个个体中依次检测出15、27和24个单倍型。研究分析可知:(1) 3个分子标记显示3个群体单倍型多样性与核苷酸多样性较高,表明该种类在北极海域有较高的遗传多样性;(2)nad2与nad6揭示的单倍型多样性明显高于控制区片段;(3)遗传分化分析(F_(st)和AMOVA)与系统发育分析结果一致。白令海与楚科奇海萨氏真蛇尾分化不明显,而巴伦支海萨氏真蛇尾群体形成明显不同的谱系,与上述两海域萨氏真蛇尾分化较为明显,显示了巴伦支海与白令海、楚科奇海萨氏真蛇尾出现明显的分化。综上所述,本文研究了北极海域萨氏真蛇尾的群体遗传结构,丰富了北极地区大型底栖生物的群体研究。     

柄海鞘脂肪酸提取工艺的研究

用乙酸乙酯从柄海鞘(Styela clava)干粉中提取多不饱和脂肪酸,通过正交实验对提取工艺进行研究,得其最佳提取条件为:温度50℃,提取时间240 min,料液比1:10,提取次数2次。按此工艺,得脂肪酸产率为5.04%,利用气相色谱进行分析,得其中多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为67.79%,EPA和DHA的质量分数之和为19.47%。     

玻璃海鞘脂肪酸提取工艺的研究

用乙酸乙酯从玻璃海鞘中提取多不饱和脂肪酸,通过正交实验对提取工艺进行研究,得其最佳提取条件为：温度50℃,提取时间240min,料液比1：3,提取次数2次。按此工艺提取,得脂肪酸产率为1．22％,利用气相色谱进行分析,得其中多不饱和脂肪酸含量为66．40％,EPA和DHA含量之和为15．20％。     

江蓠中类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)成分分析及提取研究

利用高效液相色谱技术对江蓠(Gracilariaceae)中类菌孢素氨基酸(MAAs)进行了分析,并采用响应面分析法对MAAs物质的提取工艺进行优化研究。根据正交旋转组合试验设计原理,采用四因素五水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各因素的显著程度及最优工艺条件。结果表明,江蓠中MAAs的主要成分为porphyra-334;提取温度、浸提时间、甲醇浓度及液固比为影响MAAs物质提取的显著因素。通过多元二次回归拟合模型响应面分析,得到最优工艺条件:提取温度48.12℃,液固比34∶1,甲醇浓度25%,浸提时间1.85 h,优化条件下预测提取率为4.943 mg/g;试验值为4.893 mg/g,试验值与预测值吻合较好,响应面回归模型的准确性得到验证。     

马粪海胆生殖腺粗多糖提取工艺研究

采用L9(3~4)正交实验,以马粪海胆(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)生殖腺粗多糖得率为指标,研究提取温度、提取时间、料水比、提取次数4个因素对马粪海胆生殖腺粗多糖提取工艺的影响。以正交实验的实验条件和马粪海胆生殖腺粗多糖得率为自变量和因变量建立多元线性模型,所得到的统计参数分别为R=0.922,F=2.854,并用所建立的线性模型预测两个实验条件的多糖得率。     

黄丝藻细胞代谢物提取方法的比较研究

利用代谢物组学技术有助于更为深入地了解不分枝丝状微藻黄丝藻细胞的生物学特性。本研究比较了3种黄丝藻细胞破碎方法(冻融法、超声破碎法、液氮研磨法)以及基于气相色谱-质谱联用技术的3种黄丝藻代谢物提取系统(冷甲醇、热乙醇、甲醇/氯仿法),以期为黄丝藻细胞的代谢组学分析奠定基础。结果显示:液氮研磨法处理下的黄丝藻细胞破碎效果最佳;根据提取到的代谢物的种类角度出发,冷甲醇法的提取效果要明显优于其他2种提取方法。在黄丝藻细胞中共检测到40种代谢物,包括9种氨基酸、17种有机酸、12种糖类和2种醇类物质。     

大黄鱼（Pseudosciaena crocea）一种新型抗菌肽的纯化及其生物学特性研究

以致病性溶藻弧菌为指示菌,通过酸粗提、固相萃取、Sephadex G-25柱凝胶层析和RP—HPLC等分离纯化技术,从大黄鱼胃肠组织中分离纯化抗菌肽。结果表明,大黄鱼肠道组织中存在着多种抗菌物质,并最终得到一种高纯度的新型抗菌肽AMP-W3。AMP—W3由10种氨基酸组成,其中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸的含量较高。AMP...     

坛紫菜氨基酸提取工艺影响条件的优化与分析

以坛紫菜（Porphyra haitanensis）为实验材料,采用盐酸水解法和浸提法,以日立L-8900型高速全自动氨基酸分析仪为测定仪器,分别研究了坛紫菜总氨基酸（TAA）和游离氨基酸（FAA）在提取过程中各条件的不同水平对提取结果的影响.实验结果表明：（1）利用正交设计L9（34）对影响TAA提取的4个条件（藻体质量、稀释倍数、干燥温度、空白值）在3个水平上进行优化实验,藻体质量、稀释倍数对测定结果影响显著,干燥温度影响不显著;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.050 0g,稀释3倍,干燥温度为60℃.（2）利用正交设计L16（45）对影响FAA测定的5个条件（藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间、空白值）在4个水平上进行优化实验,结果表明藻体质量、提取液、提取温度、提取时间的不同水平对测定结果均有显著影响,其中藻体质量对结果的影响最大;通过实验筛选出各条件的最佳水平为：藻体质量为0.010 0 g,提取液为去离子水,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为4 h.     

Orthogonal design for optimization of pigment extraction from surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary

Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chro-matography (HPLC) analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass, as well as community composition. Five methodolog-ical factors (sample dehydration, extraction solvent, extraction duration, number of extractions, and ratio of solvent volume: sample weight) were studied using an L₉ (3⁴) orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary (LDE), using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L₉ (3⁴) or-thogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important, with extraction duration the second most important, and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent vol-ume: sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone, methanol and water (80:15:5, by volume) was best for polar pigment extraction, with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study (i.e., peridinin, fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin, pheophytin-a and β-carotene), 3 h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However, for chlorophyll-a, the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass, 12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent (3 ml) with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately, no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study, taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question.     

金枪鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)碎肉蛋白降压肽的酶解制备及活性研究

以血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制率为指标,通过正交试验L9(34)确定碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase)对金枪鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)碎肉蛋白的最佳酶解条件,利用D101大孔树脂建立了酶解物的脱盐工艺,利用超滤、葡聚糖凝胶(G-25)色谱和反相-高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分离降压肽,并确定其纯度,利用氨基酸序列分析和ESI-MS鉴定纯化多肽的结构。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解金枪鱼碎肉蛋白制备降压肽的最佳酶解条件是:pH 9.5,酶用量1.5%,酶解温度50°C,酶解时间5h;D101大孔吸附树脂脱盐工艺条件为:上样浓度10 mg/mL、上样流速1.5 BV/h、解吸剂为75%乙醇;酶解物经超滤和Sephadex G-25分离获得一个纯度较高的四肽,经氨基酸序列分析和ESI-MS鉴定结构为Phe-GlyGly-Val(FGGV),ESI-MS检测给出分子离子峰m/z 379.50([M+H]+)。利用碱性蛋白酶酶解并经超滤和色谱技术制备的金枪鱼碎肉蛋白降压肽具有良好的ACE抑制活性,可作为降压药物、保健食品或添加剂进行开发。     

Hydroelastic Response of VLFS with An Attached Submerged Horizontal Solid/Porous Plate Under Wave Action

The hydroelastic responses of a submerged horizontal solid/porous plate attached at the front of a very large rectangular floating structure(VLFS) under wave action has been investigated in the context of linear water wave theory. Darcy's law is adopted to represent energy dissipation in pores. It is assumed that the porous plates are made of material with very fine pores so that the normal velocity across the perforated porous is linearly associated with the pressure drop. In the analytic method, the eigenfunction expansion-matching method(EEMM) for multiple domains is applied to solve the hydrodynamic problem and the elastic equation of motion is solved by the modal expansion method. The performance of the proposed submerged horizontal solid/porous plate can be significantly enhanced by selecting optimal design parameters, such as plate length, horizontal position, submerged depth and porosity. It is concluded that good damping effect can be achieved through installation of solid and porous plate.Porous plate has better damping effect at low frequencies, while solid plate has better damping effect at high frequencies. The optimal ratio of plate length to water depth is 0.25-0.375, and the optimal ratio of submerged depth to water depth is 0.09-0.181.     

Experimental Study of Factors Controlling Sorption of Heavy Metals on Ariake Clay and Implication for Practice

A series of batch tests have been presented to investigate the effects of solid-solution contact time, solid:solution ratio, and pH of solution on sorption of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ on Ariake clay from Kyushu region of Japan. The results show that, among the three investigated factors, solid:solution ratio (SD/SN) seems to be the crucial controlling factor. The Freundlich sorption parameters determined from the batch tests were applied to a typical field landfill in which the Ariake clay was used as soil barrier. The impacts of the landfill were assessed by numerical analysis. Based on the analysis result, the significance of selecting proper solid:solution ratio for determining sorption parameters from batch test has been discussed.