中日海洋防灾减灾体系对比研究

我国是遭受海洋灾害影响最为严重的国家之一,海洋防灾减灾不仅是我国也是全球重大议题。我国海洋灾害灾次频、灾种多、灾情重,直接危及人民生命财产安全、制约海洋经济长足发展并阻碍海洋生态文明建设。现阶段我国海洋防灾减灾体系建设发展深远,但与发达国家相比尚存差距。面对复杂严峻的形势,尤其是在机构改革的背景下,借鉴他国经验并健全完善我国海洋防灾减灾体系十分必要。因此,本文立足我国基本国情,选取具有丰富经验的日本作为比较研究对象,深入剖析中日两国现有海洋防灾减灾体系,在“一案三制”基本架构的视角下归纳两国差异,审视我国问题所在,并为我国未来海洋防灾减灾工作提出具有针对性的对策建议。     

影响我国海洋油气开发的海洋灾害

本文介绍了台风和海冰灾害对我国海洋油气开发的影响和防灾,减灾技术的研究。     

关于上海海洋防灾减灾体系建设的思考

上海地理位置独特，濒江临海，易受风暴潮、海浪、咸潮、赤潮和海啸等海洋灾害的威胁。全面做好上海海洋防灾减灾工作，对于保障沿海人民生命财产安全、经济社会发展和城市安全运行具有重要意义。为完善上海海洋防灾减灾体系，提升沿海防灾减灾能力，文章结合上海海洋防灾减灾工作实际，从健全海洋防灾减灾工作体制机制、建立健全“市-区-街（镇）”三级预案体系、提升海洋观测监测和预警预报能力、提高海洋灾害综合应对能力以及强化海洋防灾减灾队伍建设5个方面提出对策建议。     

安全海洋预防先行——大连市海洋防灾减灾工作展望

2011年5月12日是我国第三个"防灾减灾日".全国各地都进行了形式多样的宣传活动.近年来,由于气候变暖等因素的影响,世界范围内的海洋灾害频繁发生.从大连市来看,2007年发生了风暴潮、2009年渤海海域出现较为严重的海冰灾害,对海洋资源开发利用产业造成了严重的影响,因此,加强海洋防灾减灾是海洋资源开发利用不可或缺的一...     

天津市主要海洋灾害及成因简析

天津市附近海域的主要海洋灾害有风暴潮、赤潮、海冰和地面沉降等几种类型。文章从天津市主要的海洋灾害及其影响入手,分析了天津市海洋灾害的特点,并从天津市的地理位置、地质、气候以及人为因素等方面,综合分析了风暴潮、赤潮、地面沉降和海冰等灾害的形成因素,并提出防灾减灾的建议。     

海洋灾害应急管理体系研究——以连江海洋减灾综合示范区为例

应急管理是海洋灾害风险管理和防灾减灾工作的重要内容。应急管理是一个综合复杂的系统,需要各组成部门的协调一致。文章以连江海洋减灾综合示范区为例,详细分析了海洋灾害应急管理体系的总体构成以及完善海洋综合防灾减灾应急预案体系的重要作用。通过连江海域海洋减灾综合示范区建设,进一步规范风暴潮和海浪灾害以及赤潮灾害应急处置流程,提升各级海洋综合减灾能力,为其他沿海地区开展海洋灾害综合示范区建设和海洋综合灾害应急管理体系的构建提供经验和参考。     

渤黄海海冰灾害与防御对策

给出了渤、黄海60 a来海冰灾害的基本状况,总结和分析了海冰对我国海洋经济的主要影响和危害.同时,从工程和非工程两个方面提出了海冰防灾减灾的构思和对策.     

我国海洋灾害及防灾策略

我国近海生沿岸经济的发展，使海洋灾害成为其重要问题之一。每年由海洋灾害造成的损失几亿至几十亿元，死亡几百几千人。本文概要地介绍了我国沿海的风暴潮、海啸、海浪、海冰、海雾、海平面上升、海岸侵蚀、海水入侵、赤潮等海洋灾害，并提出了一些减灾，防灾的对策。     

渤海海冰灾害监测预警及防灾减灾的思考

文章通过近几年参与渤海海冰应急预警,尤其是2009-2010年冬季30年来最严重冰情应急防灾实践,介绍目前渤海的海洋经济发展和海冰灾害状况,分析我国渤海海冰监测预警及防灾减灾方面存在的6个方面的问题,对出现问题的成因做了分析,在高度重视海冰监测预报、充分认识应对气候变化的重要性、进一步完善海冰防灾减灾体系建设等5个方面提出了思考。     

海岛灾害及其防灾减灾策略

中国沿海地区一向是海洋灾害最严重的地带,海岛更是一个灾害频发的典型的生态脆弱带。随着海洋经济的飞速发展,海岛作为特殊的海洋资源和环境的复合区域,成为海洋开发的重要依托。为了保障我国海岛地区的经济社会可持续发展和人民的生命财产安全,海岛防灾减灾工作变得尤为重要。文章根据２０００年以来中国海洋灾害统计资料,对影响我国海岛地区的灾害特征做了类比分析,并对海岛防灾减灾存在的问题进行了系统的探讨,在此基础上提出了海岛防灾减灾策略与保障措施。     

营口市海水浴场资源环境容量分析

营口市位于辽宁省的中南部,面对渤海的辽东湾,背依鞍山市平原丘陵,东邻辽东崇山峻岭,西接盘锦市沿海平原,有辽河蜿蜒人海,海岸线绵延曲折。由于受海洋、河流的影响．营口市四季分明,气候宜人,蕴藏着丰富的滨海旅游资源,海蚀景观、地质珍迹、人文景观等资源各显异彩;尤其是海水浴场,条件极为优越,与国际上一流的海水浴场相比．毫不逊色,在某些特征上还稍胜一筹。     

A method of estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys

A method for the estimation of the results of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys is proposed. It is based on the comparison of the estimates of power spectral densities for the components of current velocity computed according to three data sets: the data set of the coordinates of a drifting buoy with a built-in GPS receiver, the data set of coordinates formed on the basis of the first set but with data missing and observational errors corresponding to the actual trajectory measurements by the Argos satellite location and data collection system by the Doppler method, and the data set of coordinates obtained as a result of interpolation of the second set. As an example, we consider the procedure of realization of the proposed method and demonstrate the efficiency of its application for the improvement of the reliability of reconstruction of the trajectories of drifting buoys.     

Estimates of fishery potentials of the EEZ of India

An attempt has been made to estimate the fishery potentials of the EEZ of India on the basis of data on primary and secondary production. The total column primary production and zooplankton production have been calculated to be 265·9 and 9 million tonnes of carbon per year, respectively. From these values the fishery potential has been estimated as 2·5 million tonnes per year. To this, if we add the estimated demersal fish catch, being 1·2 million tonnes per year, the total potential yield comes to 3·7 million tonnes per year. Since the present average total catch is about 1·6 million tonnes in a year, the fish catch could be doubled.     

韩国的海岸带综合管理

1992年，联合国21世纪议程提出了综合管理的概念，并认为它是海岸管理的最重要目标，而海岸管理的目的就是改进业已存在的管理实践的效率和效果。在21世纪议程的实施过程中，沿海国家面临着巨大的困难，即：为了使综合管理在实践中具有可操作性而建立适合的政府机构。韩国正是在国家范围和次一级区域进行这项工作的实验场所。这项工作的最重要成就是在1996年成立了具有综合协调各涉海部门职能的韩国海洋事务与渔业部（MOMAF）。这篇文章的内容主要来自于这些观察，即韩国政府为建立海岸带综合机制而进行了各种努力，特别是1992年联合国环发大会召开后到1997年初海洋事务与渔业部成立了海岸带管理处这段时间里开展的各种工作，文章重点在于评价在建立海岸带综合机制的过程中综合的概念是如何被应用并被挑战的。文章提出了在东亚地区沿海国家开展合作的可能区域的建议。     

天然气水合物地球化学特征

天然气水合物是在低温、高压以及有足够气体供应条件下形成的一种天然气(主要为甲烷)与水组成的似冰状固态化合物。天然气水合物中包含的甲烷碳是全球甲烷资源的重要组成部分,是一种数量巨大的潜在能源[1]。而且由于甲烷的温室效应,天然气水合物分解释放的甲烷进入大气中会严重     

海鸟系列CTD数据预处理分析

介绍了海鸟系列温盐深测量仪(CTD)原始数据预处理的方法和步骤,解释各个过程中的原理,根据规范和工作实际对处理过程中存在的问题进行分析,提出解决方案,针对资料的标准化提出建议和意见。     

A model of the dynamics of the ecosystem of the Sea of Azov

We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Analysis of photographic images of the structure of the surface of the sea near a speck of light

Values of root mean square slope ₀ and its variations -₀ are estimated using the brightness field of an image of the surface of the sea near a speck of light. When ₀ and -₀ are defined it is highly important to take into account direct as well as dissipated solar radiation.The space-time analysis of the structure of the image brightness field is performed. This gives an opportunity to estimate dispersion relationship and the running effect of a brightness contrast packet. Comparison of the parameters obtained with the theoretical dispersion ratio of internal waves (IW) allows one to make a conclusion that IW surface manifestations are recorded in a frame.UDK 551.463.5     

Hierarchy of the models of classical mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids

The methods of perturbation theory and integral representations are used to analyze the general properties of a system of equations of the mechanics of inhomogeneous fluids including the equations of momentum, mass, and temperature transfer. We also consider various submodels of this system, including the reduced systems in which some kinetic coefficients are equal to zero and degenerate systems in which the variations of density or some other variables are neglected. We analyze both regularly perturbed and singularly perturbed solutions of the system. In the case of reduction or degeneration of solutions, the order of the system decreases. In this case, regularly perturbed solutions are preserved (with certain modifications) but the number of singularly perturbed components participating in the formation of the boundary layers on contact surfaces and their analogs in the bulk of the fluid, i.e., the elongated high-gradient interlayers, decreases. The interaction between all components of the currents is nonlinear, despite the fact that their characteristic scales are different.