2014年7月大气环流和天气分析

提2014年7月环流特征如下：北半球高纬地区为单一极涡,中高纬地区呈5波型分布,巴尔喀什湖附近低槽和东亚大槽强度均较常年偏强;西北太平洋副热带高压带呈东西带状分布,强度与常年同期相当。7月全国平均降水量115．0 mm,较常年同期（120．6 mm）偏少4．6％;全国平均气温为22．3℃,较常年同期（21．9℃）偏高0．4℃。月内共出现8次强降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有5个热带气旋（风力8级以上）在西北太平洋和南海活动,生成个数较常年偏多,并有“威马逊”、“麦德姆”2个热带气旋登陆。华南、江南等地出现持续高温天气,全国87个气象观测站发生极端高温事件,74站发生极端日降水量事件。     

2018年7月大气环流和天气分析

2018年7月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈4波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年明显偏强,位置较常年明显偏北。7月全国平均气温22.9℃,较常年同期偏高1.1℃,为1961年以来历史同期第三高;全国平均降水量133.8 mm,比常年同期（120.6 mm）偏多11%,与历史同期相比呈现北多南少的分布特征。月内我国有7次区域性暴雨天气过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有5个热带气旋在西北太平洋和南海活动,并有“玛莉亚”、“山神”、“安比”3个台风登陆,生成和登陆个数均较常年偏多。我国中东部出现持续性高温天气,同时强对流天气频发,影响范围较广。     

2013年7月大气环流和天气分析

2013年7月环流特征如下:欧亚中高纬呈西低东高异常分布型,我国中高纬多短波槽活动,西太平洋副高强度较常年偏强,西南季风较常年偏强。7月全国平均降水量138.9 mm,较常年同期（120.6 mm）偏多15.2%,为1951年以来第四多雨年;全国平均气温为22.4℃,较常年同期（21.9℃）偏高0.5℃。月内共出现11次强降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。7月共有4个热带气旋在南海和西北太平洋活动,并有“温比亚”、“苏力”、“西马仑”等3个热带气旋登陆。江南、江淮、江汉及重庆等地出现持续高温天气,全国100个气象观测站发生极端高温事件。     

2012年7月大气环流和天气分析

2012年7月环流特征如下：欧亚中高纬呈两脊一槽型,我国中高纬多高空槽活动,西太平洋副高强度较常年偏弱,西段位置多变。7月全国平均降水量为135．2mm,较常年同期（118．2mm）偏多14．4％,为1951年以来同期第四多雨年;全国平均气温为22．1℃,较常年同期偏高0．4℃。月内,共出现8次强降水过程,多站出现极端日降水量。共有4个热带气旋生成,其中台风韦森特登陆广东。江南、江淮、江汉和黄淮中部等地高温日数明显偏多。     

2017年7月大气环流和天气分析

2017年7月大气环流特征为,极涡呈偶极型分布,主体强度较常年偏强;中高纬环流呈5波型分布,北半球副热带高压强度偏强,西太平洋副热带高压整体位置偏北,脊线持续北抬。7月我国平均气温为23.2℃,较常年同期（21.9℃）偏高1.3℃。全国平均降水量112.5 mm,较常年同期（120.6 mm）偏少6.7%,东北地区西部、江南地区东北部、江淮地区西南部和新疆北部等地降水偏少显著。强降水天气主要出现在东北地区和南方,7月我国出现9次区域性暴雨天气过程,7月13—14日降水过程多方面突破历史极值。7月西北太平洋地区有8个台风生成,其中7个台风活跃,3个台风登陆我国,数量较历史同期明显偏多;台风生成个数与1994、1967和1971年并列为历史同期最多。内蒙古东部出现气象干旱,江淮江汉伏旱发展。中东部地区和新疆持续高温天气,最长持续天数为20 d,1884站出现35℃以上高温天气;高温极值为49℃,发生在吐鲁番站。     

2020年2月大气环流和天气分析

2020年2月大气环流的主要特征是北半球极涡呈偶极型分布且较常年同期明显偏强,欧亚地区中高纬环流呈三波型,环流呈纬向型,经向度较小。西太平洋副热带高压较常年偏强;下旬南支槽趋于活跃。2月,我国冷空气过程较常年偏少,出现今年首个全国型寒潮过程;全国平均气温为-0.1℃,较常年同期偏高1.6℃;全国平均降水量21.1 mm,较常年同期偏多18%。此外,前半月中东部多过程性雾 霾天气;西北地区出现今年首次沙尘天气过程。     

2019年7月大气环流和天气分析

2019年7月北半球的大气环流主要特征表现为,极涡呈偶极型分布,较常年同期偏强;欧洲高空冷涡异常偏强,中上旬西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南,下旬北抬。7月全国平均降水量为126.3 mm,较历史常年同期偏多4.7%,江南大部以及西南地区较历史同期显著偏多1倍以上,黄淮、江淮地区降水较常年同期偏少5成以上;全国平均气温为22.1℃,较历史同期略偏高。平均高温日数多于常年同期（4.3 d）,达到了5.7 d,华北南部、黄淮、江淮以及南疆等地高温日数显著偏多,山西、辽宁、新疆、广东等地共61站发生极端高温事件。本月内有7次区域性暴雨天气过程,主要出现在我国南方地区,多站出现极端日降水量。共有4个台风生成,接近历史同期水平,只有1个台风登陆我国,较历史同期偏少。     

2017年8月大气环流和天气分析

2017年8月北半球500 hPa极涡呈单极型分布,强度强于常年同期;亚欧洲大陆中高纬为多波动;西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,强度接近常年略偏强。8月全国平均降水量126.6 mm,较常年同期（105.3 mm）偏多20%;全国平均气温为21.4℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高0.6℃。月内共出现了8次主要的区域性强降水过程,多站日降水量超历史同期极值。8月共有5个台风在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,其中1713号台风天鸽、1714号台风帕卡4天内先后登陆珠三角。月内,我国南方地区出现大范围持续高温天气,江淮、江汉等地出现阶段性伏旱。     

2017年12月大气环流和天气分析

2017年12月大气环流的主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,欧亚中高纬环流呈两槽一脊型;南支槽位于70°E 附近,较常年同期偏西,副热带高压位置偏西,不利于水汽向我国中东部地区输送。12月,全国平均降水量为5.9 mm,比常年同期（10.8 mm）偏少44.8%,我国北方大部分地区降水量较常年同期偏少4~8成。全国平均气温-2.2℃,较常年同期（-3.2℃）偏高1℃;受偏强东北低涡影响,东北地区和内蒙古中东部气温较常年同期偏低1~3℃。月内,冷空气活动频繁,但强度较弱,出现5次一般强度冷空气过程。受频繁冷空气影响,雾 霾天气较常年同期偏少,仅28—30日出现一次大范围持续性雾 霾天气。     

2012年5月大气环流和天气分析

2012年5月大气环流特征为:北半球极涡呈单极型,中心位于北地群岛附近,较常年偏强,中高纬环流多波动,引导多股冷空气影响我国;西太平洋副热带高压比常年同期略偏强,东亚大槽较常年同期明显偏强,南支槽位于90°E附近,较常年略偏强。2012年5月,全国平均气温为16.8℃,较常年同期(15.8℃)偏高1.0℃,与常年相比全国大部地区气温接近常年同期或偏高。全国平均降水量为66.1mm,较常年同期(64.4mm)略偏多2.63%。月内出现5次主要的降水过程。甘肃、湖南等地出现极端降水过程,云南干旱有所缓解。四川、云南、贵州和广西4省(区)出现极端高温天气;全国多个地区遭受风雹灾害。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.