基于消息调度的江西省天气雷达拼图技术方法

为提高多普勒天气雷达资料处理效率,基于消息中间件技术、数据缓存等技术,开展了雷达资料处理与组网拼图技术应用研究.采用RabbitM Q消息中间件,实现雷达资料质量控制、网格化处理、数据缓存等实时调度处理.采用多进程技术,实现雷达资料组网拼图和可视化绘制.在此基础上,构建分布式并行业务运行系统,对江西省8部多普勒天气雷达进行组网拼图处理,实时制作时空分辨率分别为6 m in和0.01°的雷达拼图产品.基于消息的雷达拼图技术显著提高了数据处理时效,满足了天气监测预警等精细化气象业务服务需求.     

基于昆明市精细化GIS的天气雷达标准格式基数据应用

以国家地理信息公共服务平台、云南数字乡村、Mapinfo公共数据为数据源,在C#开发环境下实现了精细到乡镇、公路、行政村、自然村的昆明市精细化地理信息系统(GIS)的自主研发,解决了基层气象部门缺乏精细化GIS的难题。介绍了标准格式基数据的解析、成图过程及注意事项,在全国范围内较早实现了天气雷达标准格式基数据在基层气象部门的业务应用。在业务应用过程中,发现了CC天气雷达标准格式早期基数据存在回波强度严重减弱的问题;昆明市精细化GIS与昆明天气雷达回波图的融合应用,可以精确定位雷达强回波区,对精细化气象服务具有指导作用,提高了强天气精细化预警能力、短时临近精细化预报能力和防灾减灾能力。     

华南前汛期暴雨C波段雷达特征应用研究

运用广州白云机场C波段雷达回波强度及径向风资料对华南前汛期强降水过程进行雨带降水估计及其移动特征预测.C波段雷达在雨量充沛地区的强降水背景下,尽管回波强度被衰减,但是近距离范围内其探测云雨精细化结构的能力较强.所采取的雷达数据质量控制系列处理,能够保留雷达数据原有特征,有效滤去杂波和噪声并缓解雷达低仰角数据杂波多、体扫面上沿径向远近高度差较大的问题,并对降水估测提供了技术保障.最优化雷达Z-I强降水估测方法基于单次过程体扫信息,具有计算简洁快速的特点,但是同一体扫面上云状差异对最优化方法参数值比较敏感,混用相同参数,影响降水估测效果.对同一体扫面上雷达云状回波进行区域划分,并选择对应测雨站点,做最优化参数分别确定,有效改善最优化雷达降水估测,提高了C波段雷达在机场近距离范围的应用效果.运用雷达体扫时间分辨率高的特点,识别雷达径向风辐合线以及强回波中心位置,并分别应用外推法预测雨带走向、移速等,验证效果良好.     

基于注意力反向投影网络的天气雷达回波超分辨率重建算法

高分辨率的天气雷达数据能揭示探测天气目标的精细结构,对灾害性天气分析和预报预警至关重要。提高天气雷达反射率数据分辨率可以提升现有业务天气雷达对中小尺度强对流灾害性天气的监测和预警能力。本文在不改变雷达硬件的情况下,提出了基于注意力反向投影网络(Attention Back-Projection Network,ABPN)的天气雷达回波超分辨率重建算法用于提高雷达反射率数据分辨率。ABPN通过在深度反向投影网络(Deep Back-Projection Network,DBPN)中加入长短跳跃连接和通道注意力机制,对关键区域精细化重建结构特征。通过对实际天气过程超分辨率重建测试,结果表明,ABPN算法在雷达回波重建质量和主观视觉评估上有明显的优势,特别是在回波细节和天气雷达的边缘结构特征方面。     

湖南省天气雷达业务系统的设计与实现

为实现对现有天气雷达业务系统有效补充,进一步满足精细化保障要求,分析了天气雷达状态数据关键参数阈值和已知的常见疑误基数据基本特征,基于java程序MVC框构和Silverlight插件、Mysql数据库、Ajax、Web GIS等技术,设计和开发集高分辨数据传输监控、设备运行关键参数与停机事件监控、机房环境要素监控、数据质量监视与深度解析、设备故障专家知识库、报表数据自动处理与生成等功能于一体的,具备多种告警方式(语音、短信)的业务系统。结果表明:该系统在湖南全省各雷达台站运行效果明显,它能有效提高各级保障人员的工作效率,提升告警流程化管理水平,及时发现天气雷达设备故障隐患,明显提高数据质量和新一代天气雷达业务可用性。     

基于茂名市GIS新一代C波段多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD/CCJ)基数据的应用

以Mapinfo公共数据为数据源,利用VS2018在C#开发坏境下开发实现精细到乡镇的茂名市精细化地理信息系统(GIS),为茂名市气象部门基层一线业务人员提供了一个精细化GIS与新一代多普勒C波段天气雷达基数据结合应用的业务工具,还介绍了新一代C波段多普勒天气雷达在GIS系统中成图成像的原理。茂名市精细化GIS与信宜的新一代C波段多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD/CCJ)的回波数据相结合,可以精细、准确定位雷达扫描到的强回波区域,一方面对做好突发性强灾害天气气象服务具有针对性的指导作用,预警讯号可以及时或提前发出,提高了气象防灾减灾能力,增强了对本地突发性强灾害天气预警监测的能力手段,对"监测精密、预报精准、服务精细"的要求有很好的提升作用;但另一方面因PPI图是锥面,直接叠加到GIS平面地图,沿着雷达波束,距离越远,距离地面越高,外加地球曲率,误差也会增大。     

新一代天气雷达业务化系统地图设计及模式应用

天气雷达回波需要与地理信息融合应用，以定位雷达回波，指导气象服务。本文针对新一代天气雷达业务化系统（ROSE）产品显示子系统，设计了全新的开放地图格式，采用全国一份地图数据文件，各地雷达站点动态匹配的方式, 改进了现有雷达业务系统中主用户处理系统（PUP)需要各个站点分别申请定制地图的不便。ROSE产品显示子系统支持多种型号业务雷达数据在不同地球投影方式下的地图自适配显示。地图应用子模块程序设计中引入设计模式，有效解决了精细化地图数据的显示效率问题，实现了显示信息与速度的平衡。     

2019年冬季北京海陀山局地环流特征及机理分析

海陀山作为北京冬(残)奥会的主要室外赛场之一,其复杂的地形对风场的精细化预报提出了严峻的挑战,亟需开展加密的风场观测提高对复杂地形下局地环流特征及其影响机理的认识,并为提升赛区精细化预报与服务提供数据支撑.基于2019年度海陀山观测试验,利用加密自动气象站、激光测风雷达、涡动相关仪、云高仪等多源数据,对海陀山风场的水平...     

新一代双偏振天气雷达(CINRAD/SAD)精细化探测技术

新一代双偏振天气雷达在暴雨、台风等灾害性天气监测和预警中发挥了重要的作用。随着气象现代化发展以及预报时效性、精细化度的要求不断提高,S波段新一代双偏振天气雷达已不能充分满足发展过程迅速的中小尺度天气系统的研究、预警。气象雷达的时空分辨率对探测强对流过程中小尺度结构有重要作用,提高天气雷达时空分辨率是精细化探测技术的关键,本文着重从新一代天气雷达的时空分辨率、体扫方式等方面,通过对天气雷达脉冲重复频率、信号处理方法及扫描方式等进行改进,提高新一代双偏振天气雷达对中小尺度气旋和龙卷风等灾害性天气的探测能力,以获取快速变化的天气过程精细化特征,获得更新更快、分辨率更高的观测资料。     

精细化面雨量处理在小流域山洪灾害评估中的应用

鉴于区域气象站的建立、灾情普查数据的细化,为小流域山洪灾害定量评估精细化提供了数据基础.通过合理利用区域气象站雨量数据,对小流域山洪灾害进行精细化定量评估研究.结果表明,区域气象站雨量数据对小流域山洪灾害精细化定量评估是可行的,对雨量数据进行网格精细化的面雨量处理方法对小流域山洪灾害定量评估精细度、准确度均有提高.     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.