2018年汛期我国东部雨季天气特征分析

2018年主汛期我国平均降水量为652.0 mm,较常年同期偏少95.0 mm。空间分布上呈现出北方降水偏多,南方降水偏少的总体特征。其中华南地区前汛期降水量较常年偏少5～8成,江淮地区梅雨季降水量较常年偏少4～8成,华北地区降水量较常年偏多2～8成,局地偏多2倍以上。除华北雨季开始时间较常年偏早外,华南前汛期、江淮梅雨期开始时间均较常年偏晚。2018年主汛期全国平均降水日数71.29 d,较常年偏少12.67 d。共出现暴雨5229站日,较常年偏少280站日。华南前汛期降水阶段性明显,中前期冷空气较弱,副高异常偏强是降水偏少的重要原因,后期南海季风爆发,水汽条件明显改善,中高纬度环流经向度增大,降水明显增强。江淮梅雨期间,长江中下游地区高层辐散抽吸的动力条件以及低层水汽辐合均较常年同期偏弱,是梅雨期降雨强度整体偏弱、梅期偏短的重要原因。华北雨季期间,东北亚稳定维持着一个异常反气旋环流,在中纬度地区形成东高西低的环流形势,是华北地区出现强降水的重要原因之一。2018年汛期全国共出现34次区域性暴雨过程,区域性暴雨过程的次数与常年同期基本持平或略偏少,全国暴雨站日也较常年同期略偏少。     

2018年汛期我国东部雨季天气特征分析

2018年主汛期我国平均降水量为652.0 mm，较常年同期偏少95.0 mm。空间分布上呈现出北方降水偏多，南方降水偏少的总体特征。其中华南地区前汛期降水量较常年偏少5—8成, 江淮地区梅雨季降水量较常年偏少4—8成，华北地区降水量较常年偏多2—8成，局地偏多2倍以上。除华北雨季开始时间较常年偏早外，华南前汛期、江淮梅雨期开始时间均较常年偏晚。2018年主汛期全国平均降水日数71.29d，较常年偏少12.67d。共出现暴雨5229 站日，较常年偏少280站日。华南前汛期降水阶段性明显，中前期冷空气较弱，副高异常偏强是降水偏少的重要原因，后期南海季风爆发，水汽条件明显改善，中高纬度环流经向度增大，降水明显增强；江淮梅雨期间，长江中下游地区高层辐散抽吸的动力条件以及低层水汽辐合均较常年同期偏弱，是梅雨期降雨强度整体偏弱、梅期偏短的重要原因。华北雨季期间，东北亚稳定维持着一个异常反气旋环流，在中纬度地区形成东高西低的环流形势，是华北地区出现强降水的重要原因之一。2018年汛期全国共出现34次区域性暴雨过程，区域性暴雨过程的次数与常年同期基本持平或略偏少，全国暴雨站日也较常年同期略偏少。     

2019年国内十大天气气候事件

1-2月南方地区出现罕见阴雨寡照天气2019年1-2月,江南大部、华南北部等地降水量较常年同期普遍偏多五成至1倍,局地偏多2倍,浙江、江西降水量均为1961年以来历史同期第二多;江淮南部、江南、华南北部及贵州东南部降水日数较常年同期偏多8?12天,日照时数偏少五成以上,苏皖鄂浙沪5省(市)日照时数均为1961年以来历史同期最少。     

两次大范围寒潮侵袭我国

2008年12月,全国平均气温为-2.8℃,较常年同期(-3.9℃)偏高1.1℃.青海12月平均气温为1951年以来历史同期的次高值.全国平均月降水量为5.4mm,较常年同期(9.80mm)偏少4.4mm;海南区域平均降水量为1951年以朱历史同期第三大值.     

ENSO与秦巴山区汛期降水的相关分析

利用秦巴山区安康市十个地面观测站1963-2015年共计52年时间的汛期(5-10月)逐月降水量数据、汛期暴雨日数据及美国气候预测中心(CPC)的海温资料,研究安康汛期降水和暴雨与ENSO之间的关系。结果表明:NINO3.4区海温与安康汛期降水6月份呈负相关,7月份呈正相关;El Ni? o衰减年对安康汛期降水异常影响显著,特别是6月安康降水异常偏少,7月、8月、10月安康降水异常偏多;La Ni? a发展年,安康6月降水异常偏少,7月、9月和10月较常年略偏多;在El Ni?o衰减年和La Ni? a发展年,安康出现暴雨的概率较大,同时也容易产生极端偏多的暴雨事件。     

2000年夏季（6~8月）山东天气评述

1　天气概述2 0 0 0年夏季我省的天气气候特点是 :气温偏高 ,降水偏少 ,时空分布不均 ,无全省性强降水过程 ;前期干旱严重 ,季末降水趋多。全省季平均气温 2 6.4℃ ,较常年同期偏高1 .2℃ ;季平均降水量 3 77.5ｍｍ ,较常年偏少9% ,比去年同期偏多 1 0 9.5ｍｍ ,枣庄最多 ,为798.0ｍｍ ,较常年偏多 5 6% ;长岛最少 ,仅 1 5 0 .0ｍｍ ,较常年偏少 5 4%。季降水分布 (图 1 )南多北少 ,青岛、日照、临沂、枣庄、菏泽、聊城、济宁等地市降水较常年偏多 1～ 3成 ,滨州、东营、淄博、潍坊、烟台、威海等地市偏少 2～ 4成。图 1　山东省夏季降雨量 …     

全国大部气温偏高变化幅度大北方冬麦区降水稀少旱情严重

2009年1月,我国天气的特点是:全国大部降水偏少,气温偏高,但气温变化幅度大.全国平均气温为-4.8℃,较常年同期(-5.9℃)偏高1.1℃.全国平均月降水量为6.6mm,较常年同期(12.1mm)偏少5.5mm,为1987年以来历史同期最少值.     

广西2000年度气候特点及其影响评价

20 0 0年度 (1999年 12月 - 2 0 0 0年 11月 )平均气温 16 .3～ 2 3.0℃ ,大部地区接近常年 ,全区平均 2 0 .4℃ ,与常年持平。年降水量 730～ 2 5 41mm,北部正常 ,南部偏少 1～ 3成 ,全区平均 136 0 mm,比常年偏少 1成。年日照时数 1118～ 2 194h,大部地区偏少 5 0～ 2 0 0 h,全区平均 15 40 h,比常年偏少 6 6 h。主要气候事件及其影响以冬季大范围严重霜 (冰 )冻灾害最为突出 ,其次是夏秋连旱伴高温。     

气温偏高降水偏少,干旱台风影响严重--2004年夏季天气与气候

2004年夏季,全省气温偏高,降水偏少.继2003年遭遇高温干旱后,2004年夏季又遭遇严重的大范围高温干旱.梅雨期雨季不明显,梅汛期降水量较常年偏少,属不典型的梅雨年.夏季共遭受4次热带风暴影响,其中第14号台风"云娜"给浙江省造成严重损失.热带风暴影响带来的强降水,以及通过实施飞机人工增雨作业,有效缓解了旱情,但浙西与浙北干旱仍较严重.雷暴、冰雹大风等强对流天气也造成了严重经济损失和人员伤亡.     

1992年秋季(9—11月)山东天气评述

今年秋季,山东天气气候的主要特点,是气温较常年偏低,降水的时空分布极不均匀。秋季主要降水过程分别出现于9月初、10月初和11月上旬后期。其它时段雨水稀少。全省秋季降水量呈东多西少分布。降水量较多的是威海、烟台、潍坊、济宁四市和淄博、枣庄两市的部分县(市、区),9—11月总降水量为200mm左右,较常年偏多4—6成。其中文登降水量最多,达278.2mm,比常年偏多8成以上。降水量较少的是鲁西地区,9—11月总降水量为50—80mm,较常年偏少2—4成。其中以冠县降水最少,仅46.5mm,比常年偏少5成左右(图1)。     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Addressing the necessity of the registration of the effects of causal mechanics in the example of a simple barotropic model of the atmosphere

Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer

The heighth of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h increases as ¦¦^1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as ^–1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth _u determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h _u behaves asymptotically as ¦¦^–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh .     

接地降阻剂的PH值的探讨

1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到…     

2003年黑龙江省主要灾害性天气及其对作物生长发育和粮食产量的影响

利用40年气温、降水资料和历史上千旱、低温严重的年份与2003年进行对比分析．评估黑龙江省2003年发生的严重灾害的分布范同，灾害程度，及其对主要粮食作物生长发育和产量的影响。得出2003年的灾害是30年未遇的全省性严重灾害年，各种灾害对各种作物都产生了不同程度的影响，受害最重的作物是小麦。     

阴山山脉对内蒙古中部地区气象要素影响初探

文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002