城里的月光

百花园默默来到城市身旁不经意拔动人世间的忧伤流浪的人在痴痴仰望回家的路途那么漫长远方倚门回归的乡音一次次淋湿游子的胸膛谁在城市的街头独自彷徨憔悴挂满年轻的脸庞月下的爱情为何短暂匆忙遍地的清辉留不住远去的倩影只有任思念把一切埋葬深夜的月亮已经隐藏谁还在把城里的月光演唱窗外的霓虹装点不眠的夜色躲在城市后面的月光让人静静想起旧日的悲凉许多与月有关的往事在这孤独的夜里情不自禁地疯长......城里的月光@姜永育     

有害蓝藻喜欢温暖

城市、农业和工业发展造成的富营养化的水促进了蓝藻的生长,就像促进有害的海藻生长一样。这些蓝藻的繁盛增加了水生生态系统的混乱状况。窒息了水生植物,抑制了无脊椎动物和鱼类的生活环境。一些蓝藻产生出能够引发严重的、偶然情况下致命的人类肝脏、消化系统、神经系统和皮肤疾病的毒素。蓝藻的繁盛威胁到水生生态系统,包括非洲的Victoria湖,北美洲的Erie湖,中国的太湖以及欧洲的波罗的海。     

为预报植物、群落和生态系统对二氧化碳浓度响应的模拟要求

大气CO_2升高的一个重要的直接效应是促进植物生长。为了了解和预报自然物种及生态系统对CO_2增加的响应,需要有新的或修正的模式方法。由于在未来100年内,大气中CO_2将增加1倍,有效的模式将成为预报响应(如生产率的变化,植物群落组成的变化及分离的碳含量的变化)的重要手段。作为研究CO_2对植被直接影响的综合计划的一部分,对模拟植物和生态系统响应的要求进行了讨讨,主要的要求是(a)一种模式的复杂程度要与一般的生态知识相适应,主要是CO_2响应函数的处理;(b)建立预报植物、群落和生态系统对CO_2响应的模式;(c)评价由CO_2决定的模式参数的敏感性和不确定性,次要的要求是建立评价模式所需的资料条件的框架。     

导致甘肃输电线路舞动的蒙古气旋的形成及增风机理研究（英文）

受一次向东南方向移动蒙古气旋强风的影响,2020年4月18日甘肃省白银市的高压输电线路出现了严重的舞动,这造成了该地区的输电线路跳闸事故.基于0.5度逐小时分辨率的ERA5再分析数据,本文研究了这次蒙古气旋及其强风的形成机理.涡度收支的结果表明,辐合相关的垂直伸展以及垂直运动向上的正涡度输送是本次蒙古气旋形成的主因,而倾斜项的负涡度制造以及从气旋中心区域向外的正涡度输送在一定程度上不利于蒙古气旋的形成.动能收支的结果表明,蒙古气旋所伴随的风场主要由于气压梯度力的做功而迅速增强.与我国西北部其它的典型强风事件不同的是在本次事件中,未发现显著的来自于对流层高层的动量下传现象,垂直的动能输送在本次事件中仅对强风的形成有些许的促进作用.此外,水平风场对动能的输送作用使得蒙古气旋大风区的动能存在向外的净输出,这对蒙古气旋强风的生成有一定的延缓作用.     

气象向量场的自然正交展开方法及其应用

本文证明了一个包含n个空间点的风场的时间序列的自然正交展开,可以通过形式上包含2n个空间点的标量场的时间序列的自然正交展开来实现。据此,给出了求取风场的特征向量的方法。于是展开热带候平均风场的一个时间序列,求得了具有明显天气学意义的特征向量,其主要特征向量的时间系数的演变与此期间亚洲低纬主要环流系统的季节变化间存在良好的关系;由各层前两个特征向量给出的散度和垂直运动的空间分布及这种分布随时间的演变,形象地给出了季风降水的基本成因。     

青藏高原对大气环流的影响

许多研究指出对于全球范围的大气环流,大地形的强迫作用(热力和动力的)和海陆的热力差异起着同等的重要作用,一切区域性的,尤其靠近地形附近地区的天气气候特点,则更多的或基本上决定于地形的影响。但是地形的影响是复杂的,过去作了许多的研究,离解决问题还存在较大的距离。本文主要通过青藏高原来具体讨论地形的影响。 一、青藏高原与全球大气环流     

如何建立完善的专业气象网站

随着计算机网络的发展 ,特别是 Internet的迅猛的发展 ,传统的信息系统概念发生了巨大的变化 ,尤其是信息的存储、传递、发布以及获取方式。如何在更为广域和异构的计算机环境中获取所需要的信息 ,已成为亟待解决的问题。专业气象网站是这一技术发展的应用。专业气象网站竞争力 ,既取决于网站在气象资源信息利用方面的独特设想 ,又在于网站的技术含量 ,即网站开发人员的技术水平。1　网站运行系统的选择实现网站开发的软件有很多 ,一是动态页面的生成与显示 ;二是静态页面的生成与显示。对于动态页面的生成 ,可以使用许多方式 ,包括传统的C…     

西北太平洋台风风场和波浪场特征

通过对西北太平洋１９８６～１９９６年７～１１月有代表性的西行及转向北上的３５个台风（热带低压、热带风暴、强热带风暴、强台风）发生时船舶气象报告中的气象和波浪场资料的统计分析,说明不同强度的台风和在不同的天气形势配置下,由台风引起的风场和波浪场的分布特征是有明显差异的。根据统计分析的结果给出了台风引起的风场和波浪场分布特征的统计模型。此模型对船舶有效的避离恶劣的台风天气和不利的海况,提供更好的海洋气象导航服务,有一定的实用价值     

城市里的风

现代城市总是与分布稠密的人口、兴旺发达的工商业、高耸密集的建筑群以及错综复杂的交通设施分不开的。人类在创造城市的同时,也创造了城市特定的环境和特定的气候(如噪音、热岛技应等)．作为环境气象因子之一的城市里的风,也有着许多不同于乡村和其他地方的特点。     

三维云模式在衰减波长雷达上的回波图象

在雷达观测强风暴移动的过程中,屏幕上看到的风暴回波的形态结构是在不断变化着的。这种变化的原因包含有风暴本身结构随时间的演变,以及雷达探测性能中与距离有关的因素。为了单独考察后者的影响,可以计算某些不同距离上固定云模式的回波图象。Atlas等曾给出了二维轴对称降水模式在近距离上的回波图象。他们的计算忽略了波束宽度的影响,但考虑了雨的衰减和距离衰减的影响,得到了蝴蝶形的回波图象模     

要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据,论述云天演变,对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

要重视指示性云的观测及编码

以一些易被忽略、简化的指示性云状及编码为依据，论述云天演变，对于观测、记录及编码具有重要意义。     

对百色工业立市气象信息服务的探讨

就百色工业立市的情况作简要概叙,并在工业立市进程中,除了决策和公益气象服务以外,气象信息服务的市场前景、营销人员队伍、服务中应注意的事项及气象信息服务的可能服务对象和内容作了较为详细的探讨。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备,各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上,统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

综合布线系统在气象核心网络升级中的应用

综合布线系统采用标准化的语音、数据、图像、监控设备，各线综合配置在一套标准的布线系统上，统一布线设计、安装施工和集中管理维护。综合布线系统在广东省气象局核心网络升级综合布线实际应用效果明显。     

The Impact Of Air-Flow Separation On The Drag Of The Sea Surface

An approach that allows assessment ofthe impact of air-flow separation (AFS) fromwave breaking fronts on the sea-surface drag is presented. Wave breaking fronts are modelled by the discontinuities of the sea-surface slope. It is assumedthat the dynamics of the AFS from wave breaking crests is similar to thatfrom the backward facing step. The form drag supported by an individualbreaker is described by the action of the pressure drop distributed alongthe forward face of the breaking front. The total stress due to the AFS isobtained as a sum of contributions from breaking fronts of different scales.Outside the breaking fronts the drag of the sea surface is supported by theviscous surface stress and the wave-induced stress. To calculate the stressdue to the AFS and the wave-induced stress a physical model of the wind-wavespectrum is used. Together with the model of the air flow described in termsof surface stresses it forms a self-consistent dynamical system for the seasurface-atmosphere where the air flow and wind waves are strongly coupled.Model calculations of the drag coefficient agree with measurements. It is shownthat the dimensionless Charnock parameter (roughness length normalized onthe square of the friction velocity and the acceleration of gravity)increases with the increase of the wind speed in agreement with fieldmeasurements. The stress due to the AFS normalized on the square of thefriction velocity is proportional to the cube of wind speed. At low windsthe viscous surface stress dominates the drag. The role of the form drag,which is the sum of the stress due to the AFS and the wave-induced stress, isnegligible. At moderate and high winds the form drag dominates. At windspeeds higher than 10 m s^-1 the stress supported by the AFS becomescomparable to the wave-induced stress and supports up to 50% of the totalstress.     

黑潮OLR距平指数与华南西部主汛期降水的关系

OLR距平场与华南西部主汛期降水的相关分析场显示,在黑潮区域有强烈的高相关信号反映。黑潮区OLR距平指数与华南主汛期降水的遥相关分析显示,前期黑潮区OLR距平指数的异常,可以成为预测主汛期降水有一定指示意义的前兆信号。并在此基础上建立主成分降维分析方法,对1989~2000年主汛期降水作预测及回代检验,检验结果准确率达75%,说明用黑潮区OLR距平指数作为预报因子可以取得良好的预报成绩。     

对夜间云观测的体会

介绍夜间进行云观测的工作程序,对云的特征进行分析,提出了观测云的注意事项。     

On The Influence Of The Eulerian Velocity PDF Closure On The Eddy Diffusion Coefficient

The flux-gradient model, often used to describe turbulent dispersion, implicitly defines an eddy diffusion coefficient K that is known to be related to the Eulerian probability density function (pdf) of the turbulent velocity field. In the strict limit of applicability of Fick's law, the relationship between K and the pdf is used to investigate the influence of non-Gaussianity on dispersion in homogeneous turbulence. A bi-Gaussian pdf is used as a closure model that allows for separate studies of skewness and kurtosis variations. The choice of model parameters can have a significant influence on K, especially when the pdf is bimodal. Both arbitrariness of the closure and bimodality are then reduced using the maximum entropy criterion for the selection of the free parameter of the closure scheme, together with the assumption that the model is valid only for those values of the parameters for which a unimodal pdf is possible. The variations of K are found to be sensitive to both skewness and kurtosis showing a more complex behaviour than that found in literature.     

The Role Of Halocarbons In The Climate Change Of The Troposphere And Stratosphere

Releases of halocarbons into the atmosphere over the last 50 years are among the factors that have contributed to changes in the Earth’s climate since pre-industrial times. Their individual and collective potential to contribute directly to surface climate change is usually gauged through calculation of their radiative efficiency, radiative forcing, and/or Global Warming Potential (GWP). For those halocarbons that contain chlorine and bromine, indirect effects on temperature via ozone layer depletion represent another way in which these gases affect climate. Further, halocarbons can also affect the temperature in the stratosphere. In this paper, we use a narrow-band radiative transfer model together with a range of climate models to examine the role of these gases on atmospheric temperatures in the stratosphere and troposphere. We evaluate in detail the halocarbon contributions to temperature changes at the tropical tropopause, and find that they have contributed a significant warming of ~0.4 K over the last 50 years, dominating the effect of the other well-mixed greenhouse gases at these levels. The fact that observed tropical temperatures have not warmed strongly suggests that other mechanisms may be countering this effect. In a climate model this warming of the tropopause layer is found to lead to a 6% smaller climate sensitivity for halocarbons on a globally averaged basis, compared to that for carbon dioxide changes. Using recent observations together with scenarios we also assess their past and predicted future direct and indirect roles on the evolution of surface temperature. We find that the indirect effect of stratospheric ozone depletion could have offset up to approximately half of the predicted past increases in surface temperature that would otherwise have occurred as a result of the direct effect of halocarbons. However, as ozone will likely recover in the next few decades, a slightly faster rate of warming should be expected from the net effect of halocarbons, and we find that together halocarbons could bring forward next century’s expected warming by ~20 years if future emissions projections are realized. In both the troposphere and stratosphere CFC-12 contributes most to the past temperature changes and the emissions projection considered suggest that HFC-134a could contribute most of the warming over the coming century.