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1.
广西和贵州MCC暴雨过程综合分析   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
利用卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料和高空风等各种天气学资料,对2007年6月8~9日广西、贵州由中尺度对流复合体(MCC)引发的致洪暴雨过程进行了大尺度环境场和物理量的诊断分析.结果表明:MCC是造成暴雨的直接影响系统;低空急流的不连续后退向西发展,为MCC的生成和发展提供了充沛的水汽输送;MCC发生区对流层中低层随高度向西倾斜高能管的形成,维持了MCC发生区大气的对流不稳定性;华北高压底部东北气流带来的冷空气沿青藏高原东侧南下产生的锋生,有利于MCC的形成;对于MCC的生成发展、维持和消亡,在CAPPI(1.5 km)径向速度图上看到:首先有西南低空急流生成,接着在西南低空急流左侧出现气旋性辐合或经向辐合;和类似飑线的强对流云带的东移转向南压配合,生成范围很大的径向强辐散区;低空急流的减弱消失,预示着MCC的减弱或消散.  相似文献   

2.
利用MICAPS资料、多普勒天气雷达资料和NCEP资料等,对2013年7月25日黄土高原一次引发短时致洪暴雨MCC的特点及成因进行了分析。结果表明:300hPa天气尺度反气旋和500hPa天气尺度西南气流是MCC在对流层中上层的直接影响系统,700hPa α-中尺度横切变和850hPa副热带高压西侧α-中尺度低涡是MCC在对流层低层的直接影响系统;地面湿焓场低值舌的活动是MCC触发机制之一;地面湿焓场≥40℃高值中心区和MCC生成区相对应;MCC生成区在径向速度场上出现西南低空急流的生成和维持、逆风辐合区的生成和维持,低层辐合和高层强辐散的配置,为MCC的生成及暴雨的形成提供了动力条件;冷暖平流的配置也为MCC生成和东移发展创造了有利条件;空间剖面图上看到的湿螺旋度高值带对MCC生成发展和东移具有指示意义。   相似文献   

3.
利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、国家气象卫星中心云顶亮温和地面加密观测资料对2013年7月21—22日发生在陕南的暴雨天气过程进行中尺度诊断分析。结果表明:中尺度对流复合体(MesoConvectiveComplex,下简称MCC)是此次暴雨的直接影响系统;500hPa停滞的低槽,配合对流层高层急流分支出口的强辐散及对流层低层西南低涡的动力抬升作用,形成有利于MCC生成、发展的大尺度环流背景;700hPa西南低空急流、850hPa气流的南支分量为MCC的生成、发展提供充足的水汽和能量;西南低涡的东北移动伴随有MCC云团的生消发展,MCC的发展经历了生成、发展、成熟、消散四个阶段,陕南强降水位于云顶亮温等值线密集一侧;MCC发生在高能、弱对流不稳定区;露点锋加强暴雨区的垂直上升运动,系统北部冷空气与南侧西南暖湿气流导致低层锋生,大气斜压性增大,并在陕南地区产生辐合上升,形成次级环流,又触发对流不稳定释放,相互之间有正反馈的作用。  相似文献   

4.
一次西南涡引发MCC暴雨的卫星云图和多普勒雷达特征分析   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
利用常规观测资料、自动站资料、卫星资料和多普勒雷达资料,对2008年6月30日至7月1日发生在滇东北和四川盆地南部一次暴雨天气过程的分析发现,850hPa四川盆地南部西南涡引发的中尺度对流复合体(mesoscale convective complex,MCC)是暴雨的直接影响系统,700hPa青藏高原东南侧西南涡引发的中尺度对流云团并入MCC后导致MCC迅速加强并向西移动。MCC生成于对流层高层急流出口区左侧强辐散区和低层强辐合区。雷达回波上“人”字形回波、平行短带回波和逆风区的出现说明MCC内部存在多个β中尺度对流系统,直接造成多个暴雨中心。MCC成熟阶段表现出中低层辐合和高层辐散的动力特征,其前沿中层以下有强气流流入,以上则有强气流流出。MCC消散阶段从低层到高层都有强西南气流进入,相应气流辐合减弱,失去中尺度组织结构。  相似文献   

5.
利用卫星云图、NCEP资料和MICAPS系统提供的实况资料和物理量等,对2008年7月23日江苏北部一次中尺度对流复合体(MCC)和暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析.结果表明:MCC是造成暴雨的直接影响系统;200 hPa中尺度反气旋环流的形成,配合500 hPa西南急流左侧切变线生成以及边界层925 hPa锋生与西南强风带或西南急流左侧中尺度低涡生成,有利于MCC生成和发展;925 hPa以下边界层10.7 m·s-1·km-1强风速垂直切变的形成.配合边界层正涡度中心生成、对流层高层辐散增强,是激发MCC生成和发展的动力机制;850 hPa江苏中北部MPV1≤-0.5 PVU的中尺度对流不稳定中心的生成,配合北方MPV2≥0.6 PVU湿斜压场纬向高值带的生成和稳定,有利于江苏北部地区中尺度强对流系统重复出现和MCC生成发展.  相似文献   

6.
张晓东 《气象科技》2010,38(5):550-557
利用NCEP再分析资料和天津多普勒雷达等资料,对2008年7月14—15日发生在河北唐山及天津一带的暴雨过程进行了分析,并通过MM5数值模拟阐述了雷达资料分析的正确性。结果表明:此次大暴雨发生在中低纬天气系统相互作用的背景下,700hPa高空槽、850hPa低涡及地面中尺度辐合线是引发此次暴雨主要影响系统;低空急流是暴雨主要的水汽来源;低空辐合高层辐散、锋面抬升是暴雨系统发展的动力机制;对流层中部冷空气活动引起的西南低空急流脉动与暴雨的增幅有密切关系;涡旋状和带状回波是主要降水回波。  相似文献   

7.
利用卫星云图、NCEP资料和MICAPS系统提供的实况资料和物理量等,对2008年7月23日江苏北部一次中尺度对流复合体(MCC)和暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:MCC是造成暴雨的直接影响系统;200hPa中尺度反气旋环流的形成.配合500hPa西南急流左侧切变线生成以及边界层925hPa锋生与西南强风带或西南急流左侧中尺度低涡生成,有利于MCC生成和发展:925hPa以下边界层10.7m·s^-1·km^-1强风速垂直切变的形成,配合边界层正涡度中心生成、对流层高层辐散增强,是激发MCC生成和发展的动力机制;850hPa江苏中北部MPV1≤-0.5PVU的中尺度对流不稳定中心的生成,配合北方MPV2≥0.6PVU湿斜压场纬向高值带的生成和稳定,有利于江苏北部地区中尺度强对流系统重复出现和MCC生成发展。  相似文献   

8.
石昌军  白慧 《贵州气象》2008,32(1):24-25
利用常规天气图、物理量场和雷达回波等资料,对2006-06-26三都水族自治县的特大致洪暴雨天气过程进行综合分析.结果表明:此次特大暴雨过程的发生与500 hPa两高切变、中低层(低涡)切变和地面中尺度辐合线的共同作用密切相关.中低层偏南气流维持时间长、西南低空急流的建立和维持、对流层中低层辐合、高层辐散以及喇叭口地形的强化作用为特大暴雨的产生提供了充足的水汽、大量不稳定能量和持久的动力条件.  相似文献   

9.
利用卫星云图、多普勒雷达资料和高空风等多种资料,对2007年7月17日四川东部和重庆西部由中尺度对流复合体(M CC)引发的致洪暴雨过程进行大尺度环境场和物理量的诊断分析。结果表明:M CC是造成暴雨的直接影响系统;M CC发生在200 hPa从西安至云南气流呈扇形分支而产生的强辐散区域内;在多普勒雷达径向速度图上,整个M CC致洪暴雨过程经历了4次从新生的γ中尺度径向辐合向γ中尺度气旋式辐合发展的过程,γ中尺度径向辐合和γ中尺度气旋式辐合是造成M CC致洪暴雨强降水中心的直接影响系统;回波顶高也揭示了M CC中γ中尺度强对流单体的发展;对流层中低层的正涡度平流、来自400~250 hPa的"干侵入"以及倾斜涡度的发展,对于M CC的生成、发展和维持也起着重要作用。  相似文献   

10.
利用常规气象资料及T213分析场资料,对2005年6月18日~23日华南大范围持续性暴雨过程的高低空形势、能量及动力条件进行诊断分析。发现:这次过程低空急流维持了低空对流不稳定形势,高空急流维持了高空辐散、低空辐合的有利形势,高空西南急流与高空西北急流一样,能造成暴雨区高空有利的辐散形势,形成高层辐散、底层辐合,触发强烈的上升运动,高低空耦合是此次强降雨爆发的重要机制,强降雨落区位于低空西南风急流出口区的左侧和200hPa西北风急流的出口区西南侧,即低空急流的左侧与切变线的前沿;暴雨区域高湿能条件的维持,保证了强降雨过程的能量供给,是强降雨持续的重要条件。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

19.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

20.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

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