共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 52 毫秒
1.
年代际气候变化的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
年代际气候变化是月、季、年际气候变化及预测的背景。20世纪90年代以来,年代际气候变化的研究引起了国内外学者的极大关注,开展了大量富有成效的研究工作。本文从大气环流、中国气温和降水、海洋以及海气系统等4个方面对年代际气候变化的研究进展进行了总结,提出了年代际气候变化,尤其是东亚地区的年代际气候变化研究需要进一步解决的科学问题。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原是全球气候系统的重要组成部分.从降水、气温、积雪及能量源汇方面,系统地阐述了众多学者关于青藏高原年代际气候变化的研究进展.研究显示,近百年来高原的气温变化可分为4个阶段,即20世纪20年代之前偏冷,20~50年代偏暖,60~70年代气温下降以及80年代至今的持续偏暖;80年代前后全球性的暖跃变在高原气候变化上同样存在,而且更超前于北半球.全球变暖的环境下,高原降水趋于增加,高原积雪呈偏多状态.高原气候的变化还存在着明显的地域性和季节性差异.文中还综述了青藏高原的热源和地形作用对亚洲季风爆发、季风区降水等区域和全球气候变化影响的研究成果,并简要提出了研究中存在的问题和今后的科研方向. 相似文献
3.
4.
东亚冬季风的年代际变化及其与全球气候变化的可能联系 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
对近年来中外关于东亚冬季风(EAWM)年代际变化问题研究进展做了回顾和评述,主要包括以下3个方面内容:(1)东亚冬季风明显受到全球气候变化的影响,从20世纪50年代开始,中国冬季气温经历了一次冷期(从20世纪50年代延续到80年代初中期),一次暖期(从20世纪80年代初中后期延续到21世纪初)和近10-15年(约从1998年开始)出现的气候变暖趋缓期(也称气候变暖停顿期)。(2)东亚冬季风主要表现出强-弱-强3阶段的特征,即从1950年到1986/1987年,明显偏强;从1986/1987年冬季开始,东亚冬季风减弱;约2005年之后,东亚冬季风开始由弱转强。与东亚冬季风的年代际变化特征相对应,东亚冬季大气环流以及中国冬季气温和寒潮都表现出一致的年代际变化。(3)东亚冬季风的年代际变化与大气环流和太平洋海表温度(SST)的区域模态变化密切相关。当北半球环状模/北极涛动(NAM/AO)和太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)处于负(正)位相,东亚冬季风偏强(弱),中国冬季气温偏低(高)。此外,北大西洋年代尺度振荡(AMO)对东亚冬季风也有重要影响,在AMO负位相时,对应东亚冷期(强冬季风),正位相对应暖期(弱冬季风)。因而海洋的年代际变化是造成东亚冬季风气候脉动的主要自然原因,而全球气候变暖对东亚冬季风强度的减弱也有明显影响。 相似文献
5.
6.
采用NCEP再分析资料及有关长江中下游的梅雨期降水量进行合成或诊断分析,目的是研究长江梅雨以及相应的大气环流的年代际变化,得出梅雨量的年代际变化和东亚大气环流以及厄尔尼诺现象的年代际变化密切相关的初步结果,具体结论如下:(1)与东亚季风指数相联系的长江中下游地区6-7月降水量及梅雨量在最近15年有持续增长的趋势。与此同时鄂霍茨克海地区的500hPa高度也有持续增长的趋势,并配合有厄尔尼诺频繁出现的趋势。(2)东亚夏季风指数与前年秋季NINO-3区域海温在最近20年有很好的相关,但是20年以前相关不好。意味着厄尔尼诺对东亚夏季环流的影响在加深。(3)近20年的PDO暖位相与东亚大气环流的年代际变化基本同步。 相似文献
7.
利用一种小波变换和统计检验相结合进行气候突变检测的新方法, 分析了1885~2000年长江中下游梅雨强度序列多尺度层次的谱系结构, 并对各层次的突变点进行统计显著性检验; 利用小波能量密度研究了梅雨强度年际及年代际振荡随时间的演变及其方差贡献。结果表明:就大尺度而言, 近百年梅雨强度以1941年为界分成强、弱两种状态, 同时, 在不同时间尺度的层次上, 还存在多个突变点, 例如, 在梅雨较强的1885~1941年阶段中, 含有两个梅雨相对弱的时段, 在梅雨较弱的1942~2000年阶段中亦存在1991~2000年梅雨相对强的时段; 2~3年和6~7年振荡在长江中下游梅雨强度的年际变化中占有较大方差贡献, 其中1978~1987年和1996~2000年段2~3年振荡的方差贡献较大, 1920~1932年段6~7年振荡的方差贡献明显; 在长江中下游梅雨强度的年代际变化中, 23~24年和36~37年振荡的方差贡献在20世纪40年代以后比较突出。 相似文献
8.
南亚高压的年际和年代际变化 总被引:56,自引:10,他引:56
利用1958~1998年NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均100 hPa高度场和风场资料, 依据大气环流观测事实及天气学原理,较客观地定义了描述南亚高压活动的特征参数, 然后对南亚高压的年际及年代际变化特征进行了系统的诊断分析。发现北半球中低纬 100 hPa环流异常具有空间整体性和时间持续性,即北半球中低纬100 hPa环流同时加 强或同时减弱,并且其整体异常具有明显的年代际变化。南亚高压面积和强度的变化 存在3.8年的振荡周期,与ENSO的循环周期一致。南亚高压的中心和脊线在夏季较为稳 定,较大的年际差异出现在春季。高压面积和强度的年际变化最明显,并且面积大、 强度强的年份往往与El Niao年相对应。南亚高压的位置和强度还存 在明显的年代际变化,自1978年以后,冬半年南亚高压脊线南移,中心东移,面积增大, 强度增强,夏半年南亚高压的位置变化不很明显,但是面积和强度也增大增强。这种年代 际异常与低层大气系统及赤道太平洋海温的年代际异常一致。南亚高压强度距平与热带 海洋SSTA密切相关,与印度洋海区的同期相关最好。南亚高压强度异常对印度洋SSTA的 响应时间为0~5个月,对赤道中东太平洋SSTA的响应时间为4~6个月。南亚高压明显的 年际和年代际变化特征表明,可将南亚高压看作气候系统中大气子系统异常的强信号, 通过分析南亚高压的年际及年代际异常可以更直接地研究和预测区域气候异常。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
黑龙江省春季高森林火险期年代际变化特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用黑龙江省29个站1961-2006年春季气象资料,分析了黑龙汀省近46年春季高森林火险期的年代际时空变化特征。结果表明,黑龙江省春季高森林火险期南部长于北部,西部长于东部,并且具有明显的年代际变化,20世纪90年代以来显著增长,各个区域高森林火险期的年代际变化有一定差异,西南部和东部高森林火险期的增长从70年代开始。讨论了春季高森林火险期年代际变化的气候背景。黑龙汀省90年代开始的高森林火险期显著增长可能与气候变暖有关,也与大气环流系统的年代际变化有关。 相似文献
12.
The Webster and Yang monsoon index (WYI)-the zonal wind shear between 850 and 200 hPa was calculated and modified on the basis of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. After analyzing the circulation and divergence fields of 150-100 and 200 hPa, however, we found that the 200-hPa level could not reflect the real change of the upper-tropospheric circulation of Asian summer monsoon, especially the characteristics and variation of the tropical easterly jet which is the most important feature of the upper-tropospheric circulation. The zonal wind shear U850-U(150 100) is much larger than U850-U200, and thus it can reflect the strength of monsoon more appropriately. In addition, divergence is the largest at 150 hPa rather than 200 hPa, so 150 hPa in the upper-troposphere can reflect the coupling of the monsoon system. Therefore, WYI is redefined as DHI, i.e., IDH=U850* - U(150 100)*, which is able to characterize the variability of not only the intensity of the center of zonal wind shear in Asia, but also the monsoon system in the upper and lower troposphere. DHI is superior to WYI in featuring the long-term variation of Asian summer monsoon as it indicates there is obvious interdecadal variation in the Asian summer monsoon and the climate abrupt change occurred in 1980. The Asian summer monsoon was stronger before 1980 and it weakened after then due to the weakening of the easterly in the layer of 150-100 hPa, while easterly at 200 hPa did not weaken significantly. After the climate jump year in general, easterly in the upper troposphere weakened in Asia, indicating the weakening of summer monsoon; the land-sea pressure difference and thermal difference reduced, resulting in the weakening of monsoon; the corresponding upper divergence as well as the water vapor transport decreased in Indian Peninsula, central Indo-China Peninsula, North China, and Northeast China, indicating the weakening of summer monsoon as well. The difference between NCEP/NCAR and ERA-40 reanalysis data in studying the intensity and long-term variation of Asian summer monsoon is also compared in the end for reference. 相似文献
13.
The regionalization of climate in China is based on a three-level classification in terms of lasting days for accumulated temperature (AT),aridity index,and July mean temperature.Based on daily meteorological observational data from 756 stations,trends and interdecadal variation in indices for classifying temperature zones,moisture regions and climatic subregions in the period 1961-2010 are discussed.Results reveal that the nationwide AT ≥ 10℃C (AT10) and its lasting days are basically increasing,while aridity in northern Xinjiang is decreasing.The increasing trend of July mean temperature in North China is found to be notably larger than in South China.In terms of their national averages,a marked step increase of AT10 and its lasting period,as well as July mean temperature occurred around 1997,while the aridity index presents no such clear change.By comparing regionalization areas for 1998-2010 with those for 1961-97,it is found that the semi-humid,semi-dry and dry regions in the sub-temperate zone,as well as the humid region in the middle subtropical zone,have experienced substantial shrinkage in terms of area.In contrast,the areas of semi-dry and dry regions in the warm temperate zone,as well as the humid region in the south subtropical zone,present drastically increasing trends.Owing to the influence of such step changes that took place in 1997,that particular point in time should be given close attention in future studies regarding the regionalization of climate in China. 相似文献
14.
利用北极1°×1°海冰面积指数、海平面气压、500hPa高度场和中国160站气温等资料,运用统计分析方法讨论了戴维斯海峡海冰的长期变化趋势、年代际变化及其与大气环流的关系。结果发现,冬季戴维斯海峡海冰面积呈明显增多趋势,且具有较显著的年代际变化,其长期变化趋势、年代际变化与500hPa高度场的WA型、EU型遥相关、西伯利亚高压及中国北部气温等存在密切的关系。冬季戴维斯海峡海冰在1981年发生突变,突变前后相应高度场、海平面气压场和流场等大气环流场均有显著差异。 相似文献
15.
利用1958—2007年ERA再分析风场及气压场资料和APHRO高分辨率逐日降水资料,对近50 a来梅雨期水汽输送的时空特征及其与江淮地区降水的关系进行了研究,发现各条水汽通道对江淮地区梅雨期降水强度及范围的影响程度均不同。梅雨期影响我国降水的水汽输送有显著的年际变化,并且水汽输送强弱年对应江淮地区降水强度也有明显差异。相关分析及合成差值的结果显示,西太平洋水汽输送贡献更大,且西太平洋水汽输送(东南通道)增强时,江淮地区降水增多。印度洋水汽输送的加强会减弱太平洋的水汽输送从而使得江淮少雨。在全球变暖的背景下,西太平洋的水汽输送对降水的增强作用有所减弱而印度洋输送所导致降水强度减弱的范围则明显扩大。自1980年起,江淮降水出现缓慢增多的趋势与全球变暖所导致的东亚环流异常进而影响水汽输送异常相关。 相似文献
16.
17.
In this study,the climate trend of the annual average air temperature and total annual rainfall in China in the present century has been examined.It is noted that in the Northwest,the Northeast and North China the climate has become notably warmer this century but the rainfall trend has not been evident,mainly negative.In the 1980s China's rainfall and temperature showed noticeable regional features:warm and dry in North China,cold and dry in the Southwest,warm and wet in the Northeast,cold and wet in the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River.Besides,the four interdecadal climate change features and ranges of this century have been studied.It is found that on the scale of several decades there was considerably less rainfall in the most part of China in the warm background than in the cold background.The increase of temperature which started from the 1970s mainly happened in the Northwest and Northeast,while to the south of the Huanghe River the temperature increase did not even as great as in 1940s.The corresponding rainfall feature is that most areas experienced much less rainfall except the area to the south of the Huanghe River and over the Changjiang and Huaihe River basin. 相似文献
18.
回顾了近年来国内外对全球和中国区域气候变化的检测归因研究,主要集中在对20世纪中期以来温度、降水和主要极端事件变化的检测归因研究进展,而不涉及更长时间尺度历史气候变化的检测归因。分析表明,国际上近年来在气候变化检测归因研究领域发展迅速,从全球尺度气温变化的检测归因发展到区域尺度和多变量的检测归因。但在中国,虽然也有一些研究探讨了中国东部南涝北旱等发生的原因,但在以数理统计推断方法为基础的气候变化事实归因领域的研究仍然亟待加强。一些重要的问题,如中国不同区域的变暖、不同区域的变干或变湿的归因分析,以及这些因子和引起全球气候变化因子的异同等,都是迫切需要回答的科学问题。 相似文献
19.
TEMPERATURE,RAINFALL VARIATIONS AND THEIR ANOMALIES OVER CHINA UNDER THE COLD-WARM BACKGROUND IN THE 20TH CENTURY
下载免费PDF全文

In this study,the climate trend of the annual average air temperature and total annual rainfall inChina in the present century has been examined.It is noted that in the Northwest,the Northeast andNorth China the climate has become notably warmer this century but the rainfall trend has not beenevident,mainly negative.In the 1980s China's rainfall and temperature showed noticeable regionalfeatures: warm and dry in North China,cold and dry in the Southwest,warm and wet in theNortheast,cold and wet in the middle-lower reaches of the Changjiang River.Besides,the fourinterdecadal climate change features and ranges of this century have been studied.It is found that onthe scale of several decades there was considerably less rainfall in the most part of China in the warmbackground than in the cold background.The increase of temperature which started from the 1970smainly happened in the Northwest and Northeast,while to the south of the Huanghe River thetemperature increase did not even as great as in 1940s.The corresponding rainfall feature is that mostareas experienced much less rainfall except the area to the south of the Huanghe River and over theChangjiang and Huaihe River basin. 相似文献
20.
The response of the Asian-African summer monsoon(AASM)to the fast global warming in the 1980s is studied based on several datasets,which span a long time period of nearly 100 yr,with two special periods 1980-1985 and 1990-1995 being focused on.Wavelet analyses are employed to explore the interdecadal variations of the AASM.It is found that after the mid-1980s.the global annual mean surface temperature rises more significantly and extensively over most parts of the African Continent,north of the Indian Ocean,and the Eurasian Continent excluding the Tibetan Plateau.Correspondingly,the global precipitation pattern alters with increased rainfall seen over the Sahel and North China in 1990-1995,though it is not recovered to the level of the rainy period before the mid-1960s.Changes of monsoonal circulations between the pre-and post-1980s periods display that,after the fast global warming of the 1980s,the African summer monsoon intensifies distinctly,the Indian summer monsoon weakens a little bit,and the East Asian summer monsoon remains almost unchanged.The summer precipitation over the Asian-African Monsoon Belt(AAMB)does not change in phase coherently with the variations of the monsoonal circulations.Wavelet analyses of the land-sea thermal contrast and precipitation over North China and the Sahel indicate that interdecadal signals are dominant and in positive phases in the 1960s.1eading to an overall enhanced interdecadal variation of the AASM,although the 1960s witnesses a global cooling.In the 1980s,however,in the context of a fast global warming,interdecadal signals are in opposite phases,and they counteract with each other.1cading to a weakened interdecadal variation of the AASM.After the mid-1960s.the AASM weakened remarkably,whereas after the mid-1980s,the AASM as a whole did not strengthen uniformly and synchronously,because it is found that the interannual variations of the AASM in the 1980s are stronger than those in the 1960s,and they superimposed on the counteracting interdecadal signals,causing different regioils of the AAMB behaving differently.Therefore,the response of the AASM to the accelerated global warming post the mid-1980s is not simply out-of-phase with that after the mid-1960s;it may involve more complicated multiscale physical elements. 相似文献