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1.
东亚副热带西风急流位置异常对长江中下游夏季降水的影响   总被引:47,自引:9,他引:47  
况雪源  张耀存 《高原气象》2006,25(3):382-389
利用NCEP/NCAR 200 hPa月平均风场再分析资料,定义东亚大陆对流层上层不同经度上最大西风所在位置的平均纬度为东亚副热带西风急流轴线指数,该指数能准确反映东亚副热带西风急流位置的南北变化及其对长江中下游降水的影响,并能较好地体现东亚夏季风盛行期间对流层低层与高层的纬向风场变化特征。分析表明,该指数的时间变化具有与长江中下游夏季降水较一致的年代际变化及年际振荡特征。对东亚副热带西风急流位置异常年的大气环流差异分析表明,急流异常偏北时,南亚高压偏弱,位置偏北偏西,呈伊朗高压型;西太平洋副热带高压(下称西太副高)偏弱、位置偏东偏北;气流的辐合上升区北移至华北一带,而长江流域低层风场为辐散异常,上升气流较常年偏弱,降水偏少。急流异常偏南时,南亚高压偏强,位置偏南偏东,呈青藏高压型;西太副高偏强、位置偏西偏南;长江流域地区上空低层有较强辐合上升气流,高层有较强的气流辐散,对流旺盛,雨带在此维持,容易引发洪涝。  相似文献   

2.
陕北一次秋季连阴雨过程的天气动力学分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
通过对2007年秋季陕北一次极端连阴雨过程的环流形势、动力结构、水汽输送等分析,结果表明:2007年陕北秋季连阴雨具有雨日长、雨强大、面积广的特点;由于西太平洋副热带高压异常偏北偏西,其外围形成的西南低空急流把充足的水汽输送到陕北;当乌山有阻高建立时,北方冷空气沿脊前下滑,在巴湖形成切断低压,在贝湖形成低涡;贝湖底部分裂小槽南下,冷暖空气在陕北长时间交汇;由于高空西风急流稳定在38°N附近.陕北位于高空急流的出口区,高空急流与副高外围的西南低空急流耦合,提供了持续的上升运动和水汽辐合.从而形成了陕北长时间的连阴雨天气;登陆台风北侧的东风气流为陕北连阴雨期间发生暴雨提供了有利的水汽和不稳定能量。当阻高减弱崩溃,巴湖到新疆有高压脊建立,副热带高压东移南退,陕北上空转为西北气流控制,连阴雨天气结束。  相似文献   

3.
华北地区夏季降水的年际变化特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用1951—2000年中国160个台站降水资料和1958—2002年欧洲中心的ERA-40再分析资料,分析了华北地区夏季降水和对应大气环流的变化特征。结果表明:华北地区夏季降水自20世纪70年代中后期开始明显减少,出现持续性干旱;华北地区上空的暖高压、鄂霍次克海地区的高压脊和西太平洋副热带高压是控制华北地区的主要环流系统。当华北地区降水偏少时,华北地区上空700hPa出现反气旋型环流异常,华北地区上空出现明显偏北风异常,且下沉气流加强,水汽出现辐散,200hPa高度上西风带偏南且减弱;反之,当华北地区降水偏多时,华北地区上空700hPa出现气旋型环流异常,并出现偏南风异常,上升气流加强,水汽输送辐合,200hPa上西风异常偏北加强。  相似文献   

4.
利用NCEP/FNL再分析资料和地面月降水量资料,应用局地经向环流诊断方程对2015年11月中国南方地区降水异常进行定量诊断,并结合对应天气形势分析了其形成原因。结果表明: 1) 潜热加热、平均纬向温度平流、平均西风动量经向输送是导致2015年11月中国南方地区持续性降水天气形成的主要物理因子;2) 2015年11月来自热带海洋的水汽输送明显偏强,水汽在中国南方地区辐合抬升,其凝结潜热加热对经向环流上升支的正贡献较大;3) 中国南方地区受孟加拉湾槽前的西南风和西太平洋副热带高压西北侧的西南风控制,以暖平流为主,是平均纬向温度平流对南方地区经向环流上升支起正贡献的主要原因;4) 中国南方地区位于高空西风急流入口区反气旋切变一侧,受高层辐散抽吸影响,激发的上升运动是西风动量纬向平流对南方地区降水异常起正贡献的主要原因。  相似文献   

5.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及实况观测资料,分析了2019年中国长江中下游地区伏秋连续干旱期间的降水、温度及大气环流异常特征。结果表明:此次干旱具有持续时间长、降水偏少严重、气温较历史同期明显偏高、高温日数明显偏多等极端性特点。西太平洋副热带高压偏强,位置相对偏西、偏北,是形成长江中下游伏秋连旱的最主要原因;南亚高压东伸及负涡度向东输送,利于副热带高压西伸,长江中下游地区始终位于东亚副热带西风急流出口区右侧、对流层中高层负涡度的叠加作用区,使得垂直方向上的下沉辐散得到显著增强;自乌拉尔山至贝加尔湖高压脊形成的"高压坝",偏弱的极涡和东亚大槽等异常中高纬环流形势稳定维持,使得西风带中的气旋性扰动不易影响到副热带地区,利于西太平洋副热带高压的稳定及干旱的维持;频繁的热带系统活动,使得副热带高压在热带对流加热区以北的负涡度作用下得以进一步加强,并且导致对流层低层西南气流、越赤道气流和东南气流等三支气流在向北的输送路径上发生改变,并使长江中下游地区水汽辐合偏弱,使干旱得以维持。  相似文献   

6.
1999年6月长江中下游梅雨暴雨的环流特征分析   总被引:7,自引:12,他引:7  
隆霄  程麟生  王文 《高原气象》2007,26(3):563-571
利用客观分析资料和加强观测期资料,对1999年6月发生在我国长江流域的持续性梅雨期降水过程的大尺度环流特征进行了分析,结果表明:(1)1999年梅雨期,我国长江中下游强降水带状分布非常明显,强降水主要发生在长江中下游地区,强降水带呈东西向分布,并且雨带的南北边界非常清楚。(2)在对流层低层,从孟加拉湾来的西风气流和西太平洋副热带高压前缘的东南气流在长江流域维持,为此次强暴雨过程产生和发展提供了有利的大尺度条件。高空急流和低空急流的存在和维持为此次梅雨锋暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的抬升机制,而对流层中低层的中性对流不稳定特征则为持续性暴雨过程的发生提供了有利的不稳定机制。(3)梅雨锋区对流层低层的水汽辐合非常明显,水汽输送主要来自孟加拉湾和西太平洋,同时南海季风槽在向梅雨锋区输送水汽的过程中起到了非常重要的作用,它是热带海洋地区向我国内陆输送水汽的通道。(4)平均纬向风速u对流层高层出现了与高空西风急流与高空东风急流相对应的两个强风速核;径向平均风速v在400 hPa以下层次盛行南风,而在400 hPa以上的高层盛行北风;受两侧下沉气流的制约,梅雨锋降水带南北两侧存在位势不稳定层结中的不稳定能量无法释放,因此没有出现明显的降水。  相似文献   

7.
陕西强连阴雨天气个例的综合分析   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10  
利用T213客观分析资料,对陕西2003年8月24日~9月7日强连阴雨天气过程的综合分析表明,连阴雨发生在欧亚稳定的环流形势下,乌拉尔山阻塞高压的建立和稳定使东亚中纬度纬向环流得以长时间维持。偏北、偏西、偏强的西太平洋副热带高压,不仅使冷空气受阻于秦岭山脉附近,同时其外围的偏南气流也为雨区提供了丰富的水汽,而乌拉尔山阻塞高压的崩溃引导冷空气大举南下,西太平洋副热带高压的东移南退则预示着持续的降水天气的结束。东亚合成环流的垂直结构表明,连阴雨期间秦岭邻近地区始终处于锋区中,并存在低空辐合、高空辐散的垂直结构。水汽条件分析表明连阴雨期间水汽的输送主要在对流层底部。热力学条件分析显示连阴雨期间河套始终为高潜热能区和位势不稳定区,偏南气流对热量的输送与高潜热能的维持有密切的关系,而低层偏东气流的加强促使了潜热能的释放,并导致了秦巴山区强降水天气的产生。  相似文献   

8.
利用T213分析资料,对青海省2007年6月15~22日强连阴雨天气过程的综合分析表明:连阴雨发生在欧亚稳定的环流形势下,乌拉尔山高压脊的建立和稳定使中纬度纬向环流得以长时间维持。偏北、偏西、偏强的西太平洋副热带高压,不仅使冷空气受阻于河套地区,同时其外围的偏南气流也为雨区提供了丰富的水汽。连阴雨期间东部地区始终处于锋区中,并存在低空辐合、高空辐散。水汽的输送主要在对流层底部。青海东部地区始终为高潜热能区和位势不稳定区,偏南气流对热量的输送与高潜热能的维持有密切的关系,而低层偏东气流的加强促使了潜热能的释放,并导致了东部地区强降水天气的产生。  相似文献   

9.
杨凯  胡田田  王澄海 《大气科学》2017,41(2):345-356
青藏高原冬、春积雪有着显著的南、北空间差异,本文利用通用地球系统模式(CESM)设计了增加高原南、北冬、春积雪的敏感性试验,结果表明:当高原南部冬、春积雪异常偏多,长江及其以北地区夏季降水偏多,华南大部分地区夏季降水偏少;而当高原北部冬、春积雪异常偏多,华北及东北地区夏季降水偏多,长江下游南部地区夏季降水偏少,雨带更偏北。青藏高原南、北部冬、春积雪异常影响中国东部夏季降水的物理机制的分析结果表明,高原不同区域(南部和北部)冬、春积雪异常引起的非绝热加热异常效应都可持续到夏季,且北部积雪异常持续时间更长。高原南部和北部积雪异常偏多均会减弱高原北侧上空大气的水平温度梯度,进而减弱高原北侧西风急流的位置及强度,进而影响下游出口区处急流的强度和位置,且高原北部积雪异常偏多的影响更大。当高原南部积雪异常偏多,急流出口区的西风急流加强且偏南;而高原北部积雪异常偏多,出口区的西风急流减弱且偏北。相应地,对流层中层500 hPa西太平洋副热带高压减弱,低层850 hPa异常反气旋环流,影响中国东部地区水汽输送,从而影响了中国东部地区夏季雨带的变化。当高原南部积雪异常偏多,异常反气旋性环流位于东海附近,有利于更多水汽输送至长江流域,华南水汽输送减少;当高原北部积雪异常偏多,异常反气旋性环流相对偏北,更有利于华北及东北水汽输送,雨带偏北。  相似文献   

10.
夏季水汽输送特征及其与中国降水异常的关系   总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25  
利用1958-1999年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了水汽输送特征,表明:全球纬向水汽输送在南北半球中高纬度由西向东,在低纬由东向西,分别与中纬度西风带和热带东风带一致,经向输送在夏季由南半球向北半球输送,冬季则刚好相反,就全年来说水汽也是从南半球向北半球输送。南北半球副热带地区是大气水汽源,热带和中高纬是大气水汽汇,夏季中国大部分地区也是水汽汇。讨论了中国夏季3类雨型与异常水汽输送的关系,结果表明中间型雨带对应中国东部有一支东北异常水汽输送和另一支西南异常输送在长江流域辐合;南方型雨带对应一支东北异常输送和另一支来自西太平洋副高西北侧的西南异常输送在华南辐合,北方型雨带对应中纬度西风异常输送与副高西北侧的西南异常常输送在华北辐合。  相似文献   

11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.  相似文献   

12.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.  相似文献   

16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.  相似文献   

17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.  相似文献   

18.
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on  相似文献   

19.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

20.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

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