Structural Setting of Strong Earthquakes in the Huabei Area of China

— Using P and S arrival times, which occurred within the Huabei seismic network, we carried out a tomographic inversion and compared results with the earthquake catalogue of the last 1000?years in the area. The results are as follows:¶1) The hypocenters of most of the strong shocks are distributed in the transitional zones between high- and low-velocity areas in the crust, especially at edges of high-velocity blocks.¶2) Strong shocks predominantly lie above low-velocity blocks, or in transitional zones between low- and high-velocity areas, in the lower crust.¶3) The tectonic settings for the Tangshan and the Sanhe-Pingu earthquakes are similar. Both are not known near large fault belts, and in zones with a sharp lateral velocity gradient.¶4) The Ninghe, Tangshan and Luanxia earthquakes are located in high-velocity blocks that differ in size and depth. This difference can explain the focal depth distribution of the Tangshan earthquake sequence, i.e., earthquakes are shallower in the northeastern Luanxian area but deeper in the southwestern Ninghe area.     

2014年三峡秭归M4.5、M4.7震群序列定位及震源区三维P波速度结构研究

采用双差层析成像方法,对2014年3月27日M4.7和3月30日M4.5秭归震群重定位显示:0～5 km深度层P波高速区分布在仙女山断裂北中段和九畹溪断裂北段,天阳坪断裂一带为低速区;8 km深度层高速区分布在九畹溪断裂东侧,仙女山断裂较低;11 km层高速区仅分布在高桥断裂和周家山—牛口断裂之间地带。在地震集中区的下方(即8～12 km处)存在分布较为稳定的低速区,较大地震事件主要分布在高速区或高低速区交界地带,低速区内则很少有地震分布。局部高速体的存在为岩石发生瞬间破裂提供了物质基础,其与低速体间的梯度带是发震构造常发育的区域。研究区内的仙女山断裂北段、九畹溪断裂正是在该梯度带内发育的两条活动断裂。本地震序列的自地表至5 km和5～10 km深度范围内均有大量破裂存在表明,浅层地震仍在水库渗透范围内,而深部地震则与流体渗透无关。此次地震活动同时存在水库诱发地震和构造地震存在。     

邢台海城唐山地震强度演变特点与中国大陆及边邻部分Ms≥7．0地震的时间随属关系

本文根据邢台、海城、唐山３大地震序列每年最大震级资料，展示了３者的起伏特点及其在给定时间计算新一年度最大震级的办法，同时也探讨了超限值与大区强震发生时间的随属关系及其对中期大形势预报的意义     

Comparison and analysis of the stress field in the source region of Tangshan and Lancang earthquake sequences

ＣｏｍｐａｒｉｓｏｎａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｏｆＴａｎｇｓｈａｎａｎｄＬａｎｃａｎｇｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓＧｕｉ－ＬｉｎｇＤＩＡＯ；（刁桂苓）Ｌｉ－ＭｉｎＹＵ；（于利民）...     

2003年大姚6.2和6.1级地震前三维波速结构的演化

尝试在年度尺度上对云南地区地壳速度结构进行成像,以确定2003年大姚地震前三维地壳速度结构的演化,并对其发震成因的介质物性变化进行探讨.检测板分辨试验显示,在年度尺度上,大姚附近区域15km深度上节点解的分辨率在0.6左右;误差分析显示,在震源附近的误差(约0.02km/s)远小于速度变化的幅度(约0.15km/s).研究结果表明,大姚地震前震源区附近形成一条北北西向的高、低波速交界带,其走向与两次大姚地震震源机制解的走向以及通过余震精定位确定的断层走向基本吻合,且震源位于交界带的高波速一侧.此外,大姚地震震后在震源下方形成一低速体.本文得到的大姚地震前的波速结构演化可为探讨其孕震、发震条件提供约束.      

Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of present stress field in the northern area of North China

From focal mechanism solutions of the earthquakes in the northern part of North China during the period of 2002～2006,the directions of principal stress axes in 4 stress sub-districts are analyzed using a grid test method.The characteristic of present crustal stress directions is discussed.Based on this result and on the focal mechanism solutions calculated for some events in the period of 1977～1998,in combination with some other study results,the temporal variation of present crustal stress directions in the northern part of North China is investigated.The re-sults confirm that the direction of crustal principal stress in some regions had somewhat rotated after the 1976 Tangshan M7.8 earthquake.The mean P axes of the focal mechanism solutions rotated clockwise not only in Tangshan sub-district,but also in Beijing and Xingtai sub-districts after the Tangshan earthquake.In Beijing and Xingtai sub-districts the orientations of principal stress axes in the period of 2002～2006 are consistent with that before the Tangshan earthquake,implying that the stress orientations has rotated back to the state before the Tang-shan earthquake in these two sub-districts.The directions of the mean P axes are nearly E-W in Tangshan sub-dis-trict since the M7.8 earthquake.The present stress field in the sub-district northwest to Beijing,or in the western part of the Zhangjiakou-Bohai fault zone,is relatively stable during the time period concerned in this study.Because of the limitation of data,this paper only states a possible variation of stress field in the northern part of North China in the recent decades.     

2014年金寨震群震源深度测定

以2014年金寨震群为研究对象，采用MSDP软件的单纯形定位、震源区流动台站直达波到时差、双差定位、PTD等方法测定震源深度，并进行对比分析。结果表明，PTD法测定震源深度结果更为可靠，金寨震群震源深度在4-5 km集中分布。     

Evolution of 3D velocity structure before Dayao M=6.2 and M=6.1 earthquakes in 2003

Introduction The Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block (KAN et al, 1977) located to the southeast of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) sub-plate is one of the most seismically active tectonic regions and ac- tive region of strong earthquakes to monitor (MA et al, 1987). Af…     

利用sPL震相测定2017年河北临城ML 4.4地震震源深度

2017年9月4日河北临城地区发生M_L 4.4地震，为得到准确的震源深度，根据sPL震相基本特征，对震中距20-70 km范围内8个地震台站波形数据进行处理，在其中4个地震台观测到明显的sPL震相，利用频率-波数（F-K）方法，计算其理论波形图，与处理后的观测波形拟合对比，得到震源深度范围，与TDMT-INV方法、PTD方法及河北测震台网编目等结果基本一致，表明利用sPL震相测定河北临城M_L 4.4地震震源深度可靠，其深度范围为10-11 km。     

隆昌及邻近区域小震群分析

本文根据主要地震震源机制、震源深度以及序列参数,对最近2年发生在四川省隆昌地区的3次4级以上地震序列进行了对比分析。基于区域地震活动特征、序列特征及地震视应力计算结果,对区域地震危险性进行了初步分析。     

Spatio-temporal variation and focal mechanism of the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake sequence

Based on abundant aftershock sequence data of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake on May 12, 2008, we studied the spatio-temporal variation process and segmentation rupture characteristic. Dense aftershocks distribute along Longmenshan central fault zone of NE direction and form a narrow strip with the length of 325 km and the depth between several and 40 km. The depth profile (section of NW direction) vertical to the strike of aftershock zone (NE direction) shows anisomerous wedgy distribution characteristic of aftershock concentrated regions; it is related to the force form of the Longmenshan nappe tectonic belt. The stronger aftershocks could be divided into northern segment and southern segment apparently and the focal depths of strong aftershocks in the 50 km area between northern segment and southern segment are shallower. It seems like 'to be going to rupture' segment. We also study focal mechanisms and segmentation of strong aftershocks. The principal compressive stress azimuth of aftershock area is WNW direction and the faulting types of aftershocks at southern and northern segment have the same proportion. Because aftershocks distribute on different secondary faults, their focal mechanisms present complex local tectonic stress field. The faulting of seven strong earthquakes on the Longmenshan central fault is mainly characterized by thrust with the component of right-lateral strike-slip. Meantime six strong aftershocks on the Longmenshan back-range fault and Qingchuan fault present strike-slip faulting. At last we discuss the complex segmentation rupture mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake.     

2022年门源MS6.9地震震区三维速度与发震机制研究

2022年1月8日,青海省门源县发生M_S6.9地震。使用青海、甘肃等区域数字台网所观测到的2009年1月1日—2022年2月8日间青海门源及周边地区(36°～39°N,101°～104°E)14 869次地震事件的地震观测资料,基于双差成像(TomoDD)方法进行重定位分析,结果表明：门源及周边地区地震震源深度较浅,主要集中在5～15 km深度范围,其中10 km附近分布最多。推断该深度区域为门源及周边地区的主要孕震区。基于地震重定位结果和主震区三维速度结构分别对2016年门源M_S6.4地震和此次地震序列的发震机理进行分析对比,发现两次地震都位于高速异常体边缘,速度结构与断裂、地震序列吻合较好。2022年门源地震位于高速体的西端末梢位置,是该高速体受青藏高原东北缘顺时针应力作用导致的滑动产生的走滑型地震。     

SOURCE PARAMETERS OF THE CANGWU MS5.4 EARTHQUAKE, 31 JULY, 2016

On July 31^st, 2016, an earthquake of M_S5.4 occurred in Cangwu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is the first M_S ≥ 5.0 earthquake in coastal areas of southern China in the past 17a. The moderate earthquake activities have come into a comparatively quiet period in coastal areas of southern China for decades, so the study about the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is very important. However, differernt research institutions and scholars have got different results for the focal depth of the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake. For this reason, we further measured the focal depth by using CAP method and sPL phase method. sPL phase was first put forward by Chong in 2010. It is often observed between P and S wave of continental earthquakes with epicentral distance of about 30km to 50km. The energy of sPL phase is mainly concentrated on the radial component. Arrival time difference between sPL phase and direct P wave is insensitive to epicentral distancs, but increases almost linearly with the increase of focal depth. Based on these characteristics and advantages, sPL phase method is chosen to measure the focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake in the paper. First of all, we selected the broadband waveform data through seismic stations distributed mainly in Guangxi and adjacent provinces from Data Management Centre of China National Seismic Network and Guangxi Earthquake Networks Center. And an appropriate velocity model of Cangwu area was constructed by the teleseismic receiver function method. Then, the focal mechanism and focal depth of Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake were determined by using the CAP(Cut and Paste)method. Next, we compared the synthetic waveforms simulated by F-K forward method of different focal depth models with the actual observed waveforms. According to the difference of arrival times between sPL and Pg phases, we finally obtained the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake. The results show that the focal depth is 11km measured by CAP method and 9km by sPL phase method. Based on the focal mechanism solution, isoseismal shapes, aftershocks distributions and investigation on spot, we conclude that the Cangwu M_S5.4 earthquake is a left-lateral strike-slip earthquake which occurred in the upper crust. Our preliminary analysis considers that the seismogenic structure of Cangwu earthquake is a north-northwest branch fault, and the control fault of this earthquake is the Hejie-Xiaying Fault.     

华北强烈地震深部构造环境的探测与研究

20世纪六七十年代以来, 华北地区发生了一系列强烈地震． 强烈地震的孕育、 发生和发展与深部构造密切相关． 近50年来, 我国地震科学领域在强烈地震的地震构造和深部环境方面开展了大量的研究． 深部地球物理探测和地震层析成像结果揭示了华北地区地壳结构的基本特征, 并在强烈地震发生的深部构造环境等问题上取得了重要进展． 本文在回顾华北地区地壳上地幔结构探测的基础上, 对1966年邢台M_S7.2, 1976年唐山M_S7.8, 1975年海城M_S7.3和1679年三河—平谷M8.0地震的地震构造和深部构造环境进行评述． 深部地球物理数据的综合分析表明, 震源下方的低速异常带, 高角度超壳深断裂, 地壳深浅构造的不一致, 偏低的上地幔顶部速度和局部隆起的莫霍界面, 是华北伸展构造区深部孕震环境的共同特征．      

芦山震区地壳三维P波速度精细结构及地震重定位研究

联合芦山地震序列5285个地震的50711条P波初至绝对到时数据及7294691条高质量的相对到时数据,利用双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了芦山震源区高分辨率的三维P波速度精细结构及5115个地震震源参数.反演结果表明,芦山主震震中为30.28°N,103.98°E,震源深度为16.38km,主震南西段余震扩展长度约23km,余震前缘倾角较和缓,主震北东段余震扩展长度约12km,余震前缘呈铲形,倾角较陡.芦山震源区P波三维速度结构表现出明显的横向不均匀性,近地表处的P波速度异常与地形起伏及地质构造密切相关:宝兴杂岩对应明显的高速异常,此异常由地表延伸到地下15km深度附近,而中新生代岩石表现为低速异常;大兴附近区域亦显示出小范围的大幅度高速异常,宝兴高速异常与大兴高速异常在10km深度附近相连,进而增加了芦山震源区的高低速异常对比幅度.在芦山主震的南西、北东两段速度结构存在着较大差异,芦山主震在水平向位于宝兴及大兴高速异常所包围的低速异常的前缘.主震南西段余震主要发生在倾向北西的高低速异常转换带上并靠近低速一侧,其下盘为低速异常,上盘为高速异常.而芦山主震北东段的余震主要分布在宝兴高速体与大兴高速体之间,主发震层向北西倾斜,主发震层上方的宝兴高速异常下边界出现一条南东倾向的反冲地震带,两地震带呈"y"型分布.     

采用CAP方法反演2016年广西苍梧M_S 5.4地震震源机制解

北京时间2016年7月31日广西梧州市苍梧县发生M_S 5.4地震,基于海南地震台网数字波形资料,采用CAP方法反演震源机制解。结果显示,此次M_S 5.4地震震源深度较浅,最佳深度为5.1 km,其中节面Ⅰ参数为:走向340°,倾角37°,滑动角-18°;节面Ⅱ参数为:走向85°,倾角79°,滑动角-125°。初步推断苍梧M_S 5.4地震破裂面运动以走滑为主,兼有正断性质,反演参数与中国地震台网中心结果较为一致。     

2015年尼泊尔MS8.1地震震源区S波三维速度结构与强震发生机理研究

利用2001-2003年期间在2015年4月12日尼泊尔M_S8.1级强震震源区流动地震观测记录到的连续波形数据,提取了5~25 s周期的瑞利波相速度频散曲线,并构建了尼泊尔地震震源区二维瑞利波相速度分布图像.以0.5°×0.5°为网格大小将研究区网格化,采用NA算法反演得到尼泊尔地震震源地区三维S波速度结构.结果显示,在上地壳,以主前锋逆冲断裂带（MFT）为界,其以北地区为高波速异常,而其以南为明显低波速异常;在中地壳,以藏南拆离系（STDS）为界,南北两侧速度结构也存在明显差别,以南地区为明显高波速异常,而以北地区为明显低波速异常.这些结构特征说明,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压作用形成地幔热物质上涌并造成地壳物质部分熔融,并由此形成了东西向拉张的南北向裂谷.2015年尼泊尔M_S8.1级主震和最大余震均发生于高低波速异常过渡区且偏向高波速异常区,暗示了这样的波速异常区易于积累能量孕育强震.主震和最大余震的南侧均存在明显的低波速异常,与主喜马拉雅滑脱断裂带（MHT）相对应,可能代表部分熔融或深部流体作用于主边界断裂带（MBT）附近的MHT断裂带,降低断层面上的有效正应力,从而触发尼泊尔强震及最大余震的发生.主震与最大余震之间的余震分布于高低波速异常变化较为明显的地区,说明研究区内地震的发生受震源区附近的速度结构控制.     

多种方法综合测定河北昌黎ML4.5地震震源深度

利用CAP、TDMT、sPL深度震相等3种方法测定河北昌黎M_L4.5地震震源深度,利用CAP方法反演得到该地震的震源机制解,拟合得到最佳震源深度为4.5 km;利用TDMT方法反演得到拟合震源深度范围为5~6 km;在震中距20~80 km范围内的台站波形数据中,CHL、BDH两个台站识别到sPL震相,基于震源机制解,计算1~16 km深度范围对应的理论波形图,与观测波形比对后得到震源深度为5 km。结果显示,3种方法的深度研究结果基本一致,结合震源尺度以及昌黎M_L3.9地震CAP、sPL计算结果认为,昌黎M_L4.5地震的震源深度应为4~6 km。     

用CAP方法反演2010年6月5日山西阳曲M_S4.6地震震源机制解

利用CAP方法反演了2010年6月5日阳曲MS4.6地震震源机制解,得到震级MW为4.5,节面I走向213°、倾角47°、滑动角-161°,节面II走向109°,倾角76°,滑动角-44°,属于倾滑型;精确定位显示震中处于石岭关隆起区,CAP反演和精定位结果推断本次地震的震源深度为17～20km。震源机制解节面参数与震中附近的山根底断裂和系舟山西麓断裂产状存在差异,这两条断裂不是阳曲地震的发震断裂,由于现场野外地质考察未发现地表断裂,不排除本次地震为隐伏断层活动的结果。     

云南通海及其周边地区地震烈度衰减关系研究

选用云南通海及其周边地区的地震烈度资料,研究了该区地震震源深度对烈度衰减的影响;通过在烈度衰减模型中加入震源深度参数,计算了通海及其周边地区的地震烈度衰减关系。同时,研究了1970年通海7.8级地震的等震线图,给出等震线长、短轴数据的处理方法。