水管倾斜仪与摆式倾斜仪抗干扰能力分析

在理论上对负荷引起的干扰大小进行了定量计算,并结合观测实际,对水管倾斜仪与摆式倾斜仪的抗干扰能力进行了分析.结果表明:同样的干扰源对摆式倾斜仪的干扰要大于水管倾斜仪的,同样的孕震信息也易于被摆式倾斜仪接收到.     

水管倾斜仪电灵敏度的标定调试经验

根据以往维护水管倾斜仪的一些经验，介绍了在DSQ水管倾斜仪的标定过程中，调整换能器电压灵敏度的一些技巧。     

气体分子运动对竖井水平摆倾斜仪的干扰

文中以怀来台竖井水平摆倾斜仪的干扰为背景,初步地分析了其干扰机理;并以“气体分子运动说”对其进行解释.     

蓟县地震台VP型宽频带倾斜仪和DSQ型水管倾斜仪同震响应对比分析

选取2019年蓟县地震台VP型宽频带倾斜仪和DSQ型水管倾斜仪记录的10个地震事件,基于前兆台网观测数据跟踪分析平台,对比分析2套观测系统的同震响应参数。在分析过程中,以2019年12月15日菲律宾棉兰老岛MS6.8地震为例,进行震相识别和快速傅里叶变换分析,并以2017—2019年日本岛弧地区地震记录为例,对比分析同震形变波振幅与震级的关系。分析结果表明：(1) 2套观测系统记录的最大响应幅度、响应延迟时间、响应持续时间具有一定规律和差异性;(2)在频率响应上,VP型宽频带倾斜仪记录波谱信息丰富,可识别P波、S波、面波,而DSQ型水管倾斜仪记录波形频率集中分布在2—32 min;(3)对于日本岛弧地区5—7级地震,VP型宽频带倾斜仪记录的波形振幅A与震级M的指数关系明显,而DSQ型水管倾斜仪对5级地震映震能力不强。     

台风引起的重力扰动现象

山东省泰安台LaCoste-PET型重力仪安装以来,出现了几次固体潮“脉动加粗”的情况．用高通滤波进行信息分离后发现,“脉动加粗”与2008年登陆我国最强的３次台风发生时间有很好的对应．烟台SSQ-2型倾斜仪表现出与重力仪同步“脉动加粗”的特征,泰安台JCZ-1型地震仪在台风发生期间也观测到了“纺锤形”振幅加大的情况,台风信号卓越周期为3—7s．分析结果表明,重力仪及倾斜仪的这些异常变化均是台风引起的扰动,“扰动”信号的频率、幅度在重力仪的监测能力内．“扰动”的出现与台风发展强度、移动速度及地理位置有关．      

数字倾斜仪资料质量跟踪与映震效能研究

通过跟踪分析湖州地震台数字化水管倾斜仪和垂直摆倾斜仪连续2年的资料质量,发现水管倾斜仪观测精度高于垂直摆倾斜仪,并且资料稳定性逐年提高。从映震效能看,水管倾斜仪同震响应幅度远大于垂直摆,水管倾斜仪的自振周期远大于垂直摆倾斜仪而接近远震面波的周期,形成谐振,但两者的同震响应时间相当。     

汶川大地震激发的地球球型自由振荡

用垂直摆倾斜仪和水管倾斜仪的数字化观测资料,利用功率谱密度估计方法,在没有对资料进行去固体潮处理的情况下,准确获得了2008年5月12日汶川8.0级大地震激发的0S6～0S32基频球型自由振荡.并与PREM模型的理论自由振荡周期进行了对比,发现实测振荡周期与PREM预测的振荡周期相吻合,除0S7振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大于0.3%外,其他振型的观测周期和PREM模型理论周期的相对误差大都集中在0.1%左右.可以从垂直摆倾斜仪和水管倾斜仪的观测资料中提取汶川地震激发的地球球型振荡信息,这为地球自由振荡的研究提供了一种新的仪器观测方法.用数字化地倾斜观测资料研究地球自由振荡问题或许有着较好的前景.     

DSQ型水管倾斜仪电压灵敏度的调整技巧

DSQ型水管倾斜仪是“九五”期间推出的数字化地震前兆仪器，本文介绍了一些如何调整换能器的电压灵敏度及调整中的技巧。     

安西地震台洞体长短基线倾斜仪同震响应对比分析

基于安西地震台洞体倾斜形变观测所用长基线DSQ型水管倾斜仪和短基线VP型垂直摆倾斜仪的数据产出资料,根据仪器记录的地震事件的最大响应幅度、响应延迟时间和响应持续时间等,对两套仪器的同震响应特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:两套仪器的响应延迟时间与震中距成正比、响应持续时间与震级成正比;水管倾斜仪最大响应幅度与震级成正比;垂直摆倾斜仪最大响应幅度与震级、震中距有关。     

五台地震科技中心水平摆倾斜仪对应强远震前兆异常特征分析

通过对数字石英水平摆倾斜仪最近几年积累数据的分析,发现在大多数中强远震发生前数小时,倾斜仪东西分量观测数据锯齿状异常、固体潮曲线出现畸变并伴有明显的抖动,这对异常识别和地震预测具有一定的参考价值。     

Large-scale structure of magnetospheric plasma

Recent investigations of magnetospheric plasma structure are summarized under the broad categories of empirical models, transport across boundaries, formation, and dynamics of the plasma sheet. This report reviews work in these areas during the period 1991 to 1993. Fully three-dimensional empirical models and simulations have become important contributors to our understanding of the magnetospheric system. Some new structural concepts have appeared in the literature: the entry boundary and geopause, the plasma sheet region 1 vortices, the low-energy layer, the adiabaticity boundary or wall region, and a region in the tail to which we refer as the injection port. Traditional structural concepts have also been the subject of recent study, notably the plasmapause, the magnetopause, and the plasma sheet. Significant progress has been made in understanding the nature of plasma sheet formation and dynamics, but the acceleration of electrons to high energy remains somewhat mysterious.     

Density inhomogeneities in the upper mantle of Central Europe and their gravitational effects

Summary Problems of occurrence of density inhomogeneities in the upper mantle are discussed and their gravitational effects in the region of Central Europe are investigated. Attention is namely devoted to the density contrast between the asthenosphere and the lower lithosphere, and its possible dependence on depth.

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¶rt;am n nu nmm ¶rt;¶rt;m amuu u uaumau ¶rt;mu a mumuu ¶rt; n. uau ¶rt;m n¶rt; nmm mam ¶rt; am u um u auumu mu aau.

     

Linear stability of a non-constantly stratified horizontal layer penetrated by an azimuthal magnetic field

Summary The convection in a rapidly rotating, electrically conducting, horizontal fluid layer, non-constantly stratified and penetrated by an inhomogeneous magnetic field, is studied. The convection is investigated for various ratios of the thickness of the stable and unstable stratified part of the layer. The thermal model of the layer, as well as the analysis of the results have been treated with regard to the physical conditions in the liquid core of the Earth.

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am u¶rt;m u m aa mn¶rt; u¶rt;uma nm mamuuau, nua ¶rt;¶rt; aum n. u u¶rt;m ¶rt; a mu m u mu u mu mamuuuao amu . ua ¶rt; , a u aau mam, n¶rt;a anm uuu u u¶rt; ¶rt; u.

     

Single- and inter-station transfer functions for non-synchronous geomagnetic arrays-II. the results of the field data analysis

Summary The theory of methods of computing single- and inter-station transfer functions in both the spectral and time domains was developed in paper[1]. Both approaches are applied to the variation data recorded at field stations along two non-simultaneous profiles traversing the eastern margin of the Bohemian Massif, where a zone of anomalous induction seems to mark an important geological boundary of formations with different histories of development. The results of both analyses are found to coincide within reasonable bounds of 20–30% in the principal induction characteristics.

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u m¶rt; ama ¶rt;-u -mau n¶rt;am u nma u am a ua am[1]. am nua m am a n¶rt;¶rt;a nu ¶rt; aaua ¶rt;aaum auau aumua a n mau ¶rt; u nu, nau m au aua,¶rt; aa a aa u¶rt;uu. a, u¶rt;u, mamau a¶rt;a ¶rt; ¶rt; ¶rt;uuau au umuu aumu. mam aau nma u am auam a 20–30% ¶rt; u¶rt;u naam.

     

Intensity of vlf and elf phenomena in the outer ionosphere

Summary Spatial and temporal variability of natural ELF-VLF phenomena field intensity has been studied using data from Interkosmos satellites with apogees below 2000 km. The results show a distinct dependence of the diurnal variation and latitudinal intensity distribution on the magnetic activity. The L-value at which the maximum of plasmaspheric noise occurs, e.g., correlates better with the Dst-index than with other indicies.

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mama u a auau anmu n mm - u a ua a uu ¶rt;a uu m an u 2000 . mam naam m auum m ¶rt;a u um an¶rt;u uu m aum amumu. uua L-naama, a m nm au naa uu, um Dst-u¶rt; ¶rt;uu u¶rt;auaum amumu.

     

Current estimates of the Earth's principal moments of inertia

Summary The principal moments of the Earth's inertia and their differences have been computed and their actual accuracy estimated on the basis of the most recent values of the 2nd degree geopotential parameters (model GEM-T2) and of the parameter H in the precession constant. The contributions due to the zero frequency zonal term in the tidal potential have been determined.

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au m nmnmuaa 2- mnu (¶rt; GEM-T2) u naama nm nuu n¶rt; aua m uuu u u u amu u ¶rt;am u a mmu. u a¶rt; n¶rt; uu nm amu a a nuu nmuaa.

     

Expansions of the double product of the global gravity field

Summary Four fundamental forms of expansion of the double product of the gravity function into an infinite series are derived. Two isotropic parts are separated, one is expressed by Legendre polynomials and the other by invariants of Wigner's D-matrices.

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¶rt; m n¶rt;mau ¶rt; au ¶rt; nu¶rt;uaumau uu ¶rt;. ¶rt; ¶rt; umn amu, na aam n nu a¶rt;a u ma n uauam amu ua.

     

A note on tidal current rotation

The rotational form of the vertically averaged equations of motion is applied to derive a formula, linear friction included, which establishes a direct connection between sense of rotation of tidal currents and features of tidal amphidromic systems. Two factors in the formula, called and , influence the sense of rotation of tidal currents; the factor involves the frequency of the tidal signal , the Coriolis parameter f, and the linear friction coefficient r. The sign of the cross-product of the logarithm of sea-surface elevation (), and phase () gradients determines whether the factor favors clockwise or anticlockwise sense of rotation. is a unit vector and is the angle between ln and . The limits ||0, ||0 and 0 lead to a clockwise sense of rotation in the Northern Hemisphere. 0 favors anticlockwise rotation in the Northern Hemisphere. Friction and low frequencies favor an anticlockwise sense of rotation. The theory works well in semi-enclosed regions like the North Sea. Although only linear friction and sea-surface elevation gradients were considered, there are ocean regions where the agreement between theory and observations is also good.Responsible Editor: Hans Burchard     

The four primary geodetic parameters

Summary The four primary geodetic parameters defining the geodetic reference system are discussed from the point of view of their physical meaning and current estimation of their actual accuracy. The geopotential scale factor has been treated as the primary geodetic parameter defining the Earth's dimensions.

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¶rt;am m nu¶rt;uu naama, n¶rt;u¶rt;u um mumu, mu u uu a u mmu. ama amnmuaa ¶rt;am am nu¶rt;u naama, n¶rt; a u.

     

The IMF structure effects in vernal and autumnal midlatitude ionosphere

au a u naam u a nu¶rt; 1963–1973 . naam, m aum mun ma m mm nam aum n (II) na¶rt;am m u a uu ¶rt; u u,¶rt; ua ma u¶rt;, u u¶rt;a ma mn muna. mu u m ¶rt;u mam nm nmum n¶rt;auma amu m m mm II u a¶rt; ¶rt; n.