山西中强地震前波速比异常研究

本文分析了大同－阳高６．１级（１９８９），５．８级（１９９１），忻州５．、１级（１９９１），侯马５．１级（１９８９）以及太原，运城１９８９－１９９１年几个４．０级左右地震前后的２０２次小震资料。结果表明：这些主震前都存在明显的地震波速异常变化，纵横波速比Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ表面为下降－回升的异常形态，负异常持续时间与震级大小相关；主震在岁异常结束后发生，滞后时间随区域地震震源深度增大而延长。同时，主震前还存     

1999年四川绵竹清平5.0级地震序列构造活动特征

1999年9月14日四川绵竹清平5．0级地震序列是近年发生在青藏高原碰撞带东南边界的龙门山断裂带的规模最大的一次地震活动。本文通过对序列地震震源位置的精确确定，对主要的8次地震震源机制的求解和时间进程中震级频次变化的分析，来揭示该震源区地下构造的活动特征。结果表明：（1）前震－主震－余震的时间进程完整，只是衰减较快。（2）主震位于龙门山中央主断裂弯折的端头，与同震中十分接近。大部分余震分布在中央主断裂一侧的次级隐伏构造地带，与主断裂的北东走向一致。震源深度3－15km，（3）震源断层面北东取向，在指向南东的近水平方向的主压应力作用下，断层面的锚动以逆冲兼走滑的方式为主，间有少量小型的正断层活动，统一呈现出地下物质向南东的滑移。     

汶川Mw7.9和集集Mw7.6地震前应力场转换现象及其可能的前兆意义

2008年四川汶川Mw7.9地震和1999年台湾集集Mw7.6地震均为挤压推覆构造环境下发生的板内逆断层型地震.通过对比分析2次地震前的CMT解、震源区附近的中小地震震源机制解及其反演的应力场可知,集集地震主震震源机制解与用台湾内陆中西部的CMT解反演得到的逆断层类型构造应力场吻合,而在主震前震源区附近中小地震震源机制...     

海城-岫岩地区较大地震前震源机制的比较

海城-岫岩地区是辽宁省小震、震群多发地区。本文选用1975年以来具有一定发震规模,且仪器记录相对较完整的3个显著震群（1975年海城7.3级,1999年岫岩5.4级和2008年海城ML4.8级地震）,将其较大地震前ML≥4.0级地震震源机制结果进行比较,发现海城7.3级和岫岩5.4级地震前ML≥4.0级地震震源机制解与主震有较好的一致性,而2008年11月海城4.8级地震前ML≥4.0级地震震源机制一致性较差。我们对能否借鉴前震震源机制一致性的差异快速判断中强震发展的趋势,进行了探讨和研究。     

美国Landers地震和Hector Mine地震前震源机制与主震机制一致现象的研究

用美国南加州地区的震源机制资料,研究了以1992年Landers M.7.3和1999年Hector Mine M,7.1地震矩心为圆心,分别以300、250、200、150、100和50km为半径的圆形区域内10年内地震震源机制相对主震震源机制平均空间旋转角的变化.结果表明,两个地震前均有小震震源机制趋于主震机制的现象.震前小震震源机制与主震震源机制的平均空间旋转角约在大震前半年开始减小,搜索平均空间旋转角降低的最优半径分别为250km和100km.震前所出现的平均空间旋转角最小值均低于其2倍标准差.该标准似乎可以作为大地震危险性增加的判据.     

大同—阳高2次地震前后震源应力场的变化过程

利用1989、1991年大同－阳高两次地震前后几年的地震记录资料，详细分析了其震源应力场的变化，结果表明，6.1级地震前震源应力场中两个主应力轴的方向曾发生逆转，主压应力轴逆转时间约10个月，主张应力轴逆转时间为2个月。6.1级主震前4个月，两个主应力轴的方向、仰角都恢复到正常状态，且与华北区域应力场的特征基本一致，而1991年5.8级地震前却没有出现上述现象，说明大同－阳高2次地震是在同一震源应力场作用下孕育、发展的，亦说明5.8级地震是6.1级地城的晚期强余震，指出山西地震带6级以上地震的孕育发生似是在华北区域应力场的作用之下完成的。     

汶川MS8.0级地震前龙门山断裂带地震活动时空特征分析

本文采用朱介寿等（1984）提供的非均匀速度模型,使用Hypo2000地震定位方法,筛选出汶川MS8.0级地震前8年的2723条地震记录进行精定位;震源深度的优势分布介于5－20km之间,平均震源深度是12 km。结合地震震中分布图、震源深度剖面图、M-T图等结果,得出汶川MS8.0级地震前龙门山断裂带北段地震活动性比中段和南段的活动性弱;时间越临近2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震发生前,周边的应力场逐步增强,靠近汶川主震区域的震群活动有增加的迹象。     

岫岩-海城Ms5.4地震余震震源机制研究

利用MAPSIS系统软件的P波初动求解方法，得到了1999年11月29日岫岩5．4级地震的55个ML≥3．0余震震源机制解。结果表明，余震震源机制解的优势空间取向与主震震源机制解相近。受主震的影响，部分余震的机制解空间分布表现出不同程度的离散，表明余震震源破裂特征具有一定的复杂性。     

宁河地震前后S波分裂变化

本研究利用宁河周围４个地震台的ＤＤ－１型短周期三分向记录图,对１９７６年１１月１５日宁河Ｍｓ６．９地震前后５个月内,距主震１０￣１５ｋｍ范围的８８个前震及余震进行Ｓ波分裂分析,根据Ｓ波分裂的时间延迟Δｔ变化发现,宁河主震前Ｓ波分裂的相位移动显著增高,且高值出现在主震震中附近并随主震距离增大而减小;异常始于主震前２５天左右,震源区异常时间更早些,异常值为４０￣８０ｍｓ,震后恢复到正常水平１０￣３５ｍ     

大同─阳高2次地震前后震源应力场的变化过程

利用１９８９、１９９１年大同－阳高两次地震前后几年的地震记录资料，详细分析了其震源应力场的变化，结果表明，６．１级地震前震源应力场中两个主应力轴的方向曾发生逆转，主压应力袖逆转时间约１０个月，主张应力轴逆转时间为２个月。６．１级主震前４个月，两个主应力轴的方向、仰角都恢复到正常状态，且与华北区域应力场的特征某本一致，而１９９１年５．８级地震前却没有出现上述现象。说明大同－阳高２次地震是在同一震源应力场作用之下孕育、发展的，亦说明５．８级地震是６．１级地震的晚期强余震。指出山西地震带６级以上地震的孕育发生似是在华北区域应力场的作用之下完成的。     

琼中地震台重力仪记录同震响应特征分析

2013年2月6-8日圣克鲁斯群岛发生6次强震,琼中地震台的重力仪记录都有同震响应出现。本文从重力仪记录的面波的延迟时间、最大变形幅度、同震持续时间3个方面研究了6次强震的同震响应特征。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

On the Mechanism of the Secular Tidal Acceleration of the Solid Inner Core and the Viscosity of the Liquid Core

As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10 ³ Poise     

Comparison Between the Nutations of the Planet Mars and the Nutations of the Earth

The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

动水压力对深水桥墩地震响应影响的研究综述

地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.